Ill . '.

':Cl<UT Tl•: XTIH>OI\ EXEHCISES

/ '1 i ', f I / I I / :

"'
room. C"an "OU .ee ,objecta ta the '®lb? C
~- l, Suppii# you are in. a darJ, " - Ill >
aee ~ outatde tile room? Explali't. ""- "' '-
~.... ... • a ted raya enter our eyea" u .w lint..t
cu-. We tab tee an object from wh1ch reuec . lleeted by the object Thu.~ u ~ ,
emitted by the -~ ect. or may have been re · if 1·t does not emit light w~ ~
.see an object which is placed in a dark room be seen if there 18· ~ 1"- ~ :
Whereas an obied outside the dark room can
. ·ts ·ts own .gh either l'lDL
'Yfl.
[Link] the dark ·room or the obJect em1 1 . b, t.
.., ..
. • ""'t
Q. 2. [Link]'ereatiale bet,iveen regular and diffused refkctwn. Does [Link] ~
•ean the failure of die Jaws of reflection?
rAas.

Diffused reflPctiun

l. Occurs from unpolished and rough surfaces.

2. Reflected rays are not parallel to each other.
No. dim a • •via ctioa cloee _. w failure of the lawa of refted;ion. It is due to ~ .
llli I 1 I cf' S M ...... lib tlUI& fl a cudboard. ll
Q. 3. Mention apinet each of the following whether~ or diffused reflection
will take place when a boom of light strikes. Justify your answer in each
en•.
(a ) PolWwd wooden table (b) Chalk powder
(e) Cardboard •urftM:e (d) Marble ~ - 6 1Nt1r -,,,.,d ooe, it
(e) Mirror (f) Piece of pat/llj
;Am. {a) Polished Wooden 'Iable: Regular reflectiCJII JfJll tab place. Thia is bera•
polished wooden table will have a plane ~1;e8JJ1
(6) Chalk Powder: Diftused reflection becau◄I! Atface of the chalk p,wc1er
is not smooth.
(c) Cardboard Surface: Diftused reflection siifli
iilrdboard has a rough swlu.
(d) Marble Floor with Water Spread Over 11:r llp)ar reflection as it will ad
like a plane surface.
~e) Mirror: Regular reflection because mirror Mia ahiny swface whic:h ia ewa
{fj Piece of Paper: Diffused reflection beca1111 aafw:s a paper is i . .
4. :S tate die laws of reflection.
'Dlere are two laws which govem reflection:
(i) The incident ray, the normal and are in the MJM 1'•
(ii) The angle of reffection is alwa~ • ·c1e
)~.
 -..cr ibe an activ ity to •how that th . .
5. v- [Link] at the P9hl t of lnctd e ineld .ent ray, the reflec ted ray and
Q· ...,.,A,Ctivity 16.2. enoe Ile lil the MIiie plane .
P6: see
f1l1 iJl the bJ•ok:~ in the followtna:
Q· tJ. ) .A perso n 1 m in front of a plane •
(ti his image. mirro r seems to be •··......... .. ..• . m. away from
(b) If you touch your .................. ear with . .
"fJht hand
it will be seen in the mirro r that your right ear is touch in front of a plane mirror
ed 'th ·• •·• ·• .... •.. ••• •
The size of the pupil becom es .................. when you. see in dim wi ·
light.
(c) . b • ds ha
rd,) Night "~ ve .................. cones than ~ods in· the'z.r eyes.
\'
(a) 2 (b) left, left hand
jJJ,S•
(c) 1arge (d) lesser (fewer).
the corre ct optio n in Quest ions 7 and B.
~ - Anifle of incid ence is equa l to the angle of reflec tion:
(a) AJ,wa,y• (b ) SoTM tima
(c) Under BPftCial oon4itions (d) Never
>J1S. (a) Always.
Q. 8• Jm•P form ed by • plan e mirr or is
(a)virtua/., behin d the mirro r and enlarged.
(b) virtua l, behin d the mirro r and of the same 8iz,e aa the object.
(c) real at the •urfac e of the mirro r and enlarg ed.
(d) real, behin d the mirro r and of the same az.e a the object
.
Ans. (b) Virtu al, behin d the mirro r and of the same size as the object.
Q. 9. De1cribe the eoL8 kiiet i~n of a kalei doac ope.
Ans. Kaleidoscope is a scientiftc toy which CODtains three rectangula
r mirro rs fixed
placed
length-wise at an angle of 60° to each other. This arran geme nt of mirro r is
in a cylin drica l cardboard box with small colou red objec ts at one
end. When
of the
kaleidoscope place d towards light and the tube is rotate d, the tumb ling
artiatA
coloured objec ts prese nts varyi ng patte rns to the observer. [Link] and
lery and
use kaleid oscop e t.o get ideas for new patte rns to desig n wallpapers, jewel
fabrics.
Q. 10. Draw a labe lled aket eh of tile burn au eye.
Ana.
 ,_ u;; ,;; ¥ "'™ ~it:]& & d4H,P ' .... Sf 5!j' Tf!

Q. U . ~ t ..,.,,,ii,il li> ~ octwitY. • laln the but. of the

• • 16 8 (N CltR'l'J uelflll a ltUer torch U
'Oilb!uiifd, 'h,et -no, tv 'do N- C.n you exp · ,
teacb.W" ¾<. ·
• -.s...:._~.
Ans. lau,er ....,_ tan caWte a permanent defect in the oye. Thua. hie friend "'ill lo..~
ey0 al,ht if lilcr [Link] f• directed over her eyes. ~
Q. .12. Bjrpl11la how yau can take care of your eye•. . .
Ans.. lt ia ~ a r y that we take proper care of our eyes. If there ta any Ptohl4!
[Link] ., c,o aa ~,- •pecialiat for a re~ar checkup. We must: l!l ,.,
:fl) tt i4vued UM awtabl& spectacles.
(,i.) Tho little 0~ [Link] m uch light is bad fur the eyes. Insufficient light causes ey~
artd headaches. Too much light, like that of the sun, or powerful 18lll.J>e "'~
U\iute retina, which ia very delicate. '~
(ui;J DD DD& look at the sun or a powerful light directly.
('ic,) Ne,a rob ,our- e,- if any 1JDeH particle or [Link] goes into it. Wash Your
with de•n water. If condition does not improve, then contact a doctor. eYea
(v) Waeb ,eiur e,- frequently with clean water.
(vt1 .Always read at the normal distance for vision.
1Q. U.. .,._ la tlle ..... of bacldaaee of a ray if the reflected ray is at 811111,
. , ... to tlae hacldent rqT 1111
A:u. Ghea that. Li+ Lr • 90• ...(1)
We bow that, Li - Lr
(Laws of [Link]) I
,•Rttp}ndzw Lr in equation (1) with Li ao-: I

I
'

I
Li+ Li • 90• I
I
I
2Li • 90• I
I
I
or /; -..!2:.
'J - 2 N

ar Li = 46°. l,'la. 18.8

fl.. Ji; & w Me,q, - . . . of a candle will be formed If it ia placed ~teem twe
P••Pd pine illh,0,1 aepantecf by 40 cm?
Mj;. [nflott. """'* ol imap, will be formed.
H. floo mJr,,a,w Nd at rilht tuwlu. A ray of lilht is incident on one at an 1111P"
Ir I# MOU/n m/lw. 16.4, Draw the rdeoted ray from the eeoond IUffll
 t
-

Plc. 18A (a)

·,w stands at A just on the side of a plane mirror as shown in Pig. 16.5.
f. 1f. J1oOJ
can he tedsee
at P, Q andinR?the mirror? Also can he - the image of objecta
himself
-- p
A(Boojho)
• • Q
•

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

•
No. can see ,mage
• He of object at p but
P not of Q and R.

a
• eR
 (" . ' .:

Q.11. (a ) [Link] out the position of the image of an object situated at A.

plane n\irror fFi6. 16.6). hl '-
(b) Can Paheli at B see this image?
{c) Can Boojho at C see this image?
(d ) When Paheli moves from B to C, where does the image of A
lllOl>e?
• B (Paheli)
A
X

e C (Boojho)
A

; ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; ;;;;;;;;; ;;;;

Ans. (a ) Fig. 16.6 (a)

Fig. 16.6
: ..
'lllllll~'III.
(b) Yes I
I
I ,,
I /
(c) Yes I ,,"
I ,,
I ,,
(d) No cbanp as position of A is not changing. I
I ,,,
/ ,,"
/,,
I
x"
A'
J'is.18.8 (a)

I\·. OTI-IER ll\JPOHTA1VT QUESTIO~S

16.1 WHAT MAKES THINGS VISIBLE

Q. 1. What makes things visible?
Ans.. When light from an object reflects and enters our eyes then we see that object.
Q. 2. Do we see all objects due to reffected light?
An& Almost everything we see around us, can be seen due to reflected light. Moon, far
example, receives light from the sun and reflects it. That's why we see the moon.
Q. 3. What happem when light falls on a mirror?
An& Mirror is silvered from one side, so it does not ow the light to pass throuala
it. It iefleds [Link] whole of the light that falls on it.
1, I•
Q. 4,. What ch•n•" in the path of li,rht
,,,_,_.1 1flla& u dua called?
n lipt falla on •

Ab-.. The Jiaht reflects back in the t falls on a shinY ,u1(lol.

Tbt9 ia Jmown a, rdection of light.
 '
nated objects: The objects . . .
,. (i) J)l
are called illuminated objects. ' which shine m the light of other objects
i i) Luminous
• objects: The ob;ects
" ·' w· hich emit . own light
. their
( obJects. · are called luminous

,>WS Of REFLECTION
t6J . J)eflne "Mirror•.
1
Q• A stnOOth s hi'rung surface which i
-~ t,ack in same or in different
i)lt ~v
directi::\::alled
·1 red fr
:m ~ne side and, which rebounds
mrrrot
Q. • Is it possible to have a ray of light?
2
IJlS• A ray of light is an idealization. In reality, we have a narrow beam of light hi h
. Jllade up of several rays. For simplicity, we use the term ray for a narrow beam of~~t.
' Q. 3. What is reflected ray?
}JJJJ- The ray that gets reflected from the surface of a shiny surface is known as the

,,__iray.
Q. 4. What is incident ra,t
AnfJ. The ray of light which strikes any surface is called the incident ray.
Q. 5. What are the 8J181• of incidence and [Link]
Ans. Angle of Incidence: The angle between the normal and the incident ray is
tJl1ed the angle of incidence.
Anele of Reflection: The angle between the normal and the [Link] ray is called

the angle of reflection.

Q. 6. Bow many re8ected rays ean be there for a pven sing)., incident ray
falling on a plane mirror?
Ans. For one incident ray there is one and only one [Link] ray.
Q. 7. What are the ~ of image formed by plane mirror?
Ans. Characteristics of images formed by plane mirror are:
(i) The mirror forms erect image.
(ii) Image formed is of the same size as the object.
(iii) The distance of image from the mirror is equal to the distance of object from
the mirror.
(iv) It is virtual, it can't be
(v) Irnap is 1at,era11y invi the formatiOD of a YiriUAl le•P ta a
....:- B. Draw a ray
lllrror.
(i) of
 M
p

0
(Object)

..... 1&7. 'lbe imqe of a pencil formed by a plane mirror is located behind the mirrors

Q. 9. Wllat will happen if the light is thrown on the mirror along the nOl'llal?
An& When light is thrown on the mirror along the normal, it is relected back aia..
the same line. The incident ray and the reflected ray run along the aame path.
Q. 10, Deftn~ Lateral Inversion .
Ans. Phenome non of changing side left to right and ript to left by the mirror, while
fbnning images is called lateral inversion.
Q. 11. While standing in front of a plane mirror, ii you move ,our right....,
wluch hand doea your hnaafe move?
Ail& If we move our right band, our image will move left hand. It is becauae in 1
pl•ne mirror our -Jeft appears right" and "right appears left". This is called [Link] inverm.
Hence, we can say that the plane mirror forms laterally inverted images.
Q. 12. Here are given capital letters of English Alphabet. Encircle the letten whili
wlD not 9bow lateral invenion on faclns a plane mirror.
A B C D B F
0 H I J K L
M N O P Q R
S T U V W X
y z
B C D E F
G J K

•
L
N p R

•
 pa-=-
b_,rve the flsure liven below and flll in the blanka:
tS· O
Q• But It looks
Friend I s - like he Is here
realty here

Actual I
path toe
The eye thinks
this is the light
path
Flat
Mirror

Fig. 18.8
(o) Size of your frwM ia .............. to the size of image.
(b) Distance benoeeia n&irror bnd image is ... . .. .. . .. .. to the di,,ta,n,ce between your
friend and mirror.
(c)
(d)
Image of your,,_,,. ia ··-··········
Image of your (riiln4, fa ..-...... ... .... inverted.
Ans. (a) equal
(b) equal
(c)erectlvirtual
. (d) laterally.
Q. 14. Bow many tim• la a ~ .rlfllht reflected by two plane mirror& plaeecl
and facinc each otherT (NCERT Exemplar)
Ans. Infinite number of tima
Q. 15. The angle ,_._. iftoideld , _ at,,f lflfl,ected ray is 60°. What la tile value of
ol Incidence? (NCERT Exemplar)
~ ao-.
Q. 18. Tl&e didance beeloeea d,e ol,J,,<-1 ant.I Us image formed by a plane nairror,
to be 24 cm. Wlla& la tile d!ete,,,. I. eLoeen the mirror and the object?
•-- (NCERT &~Jar)
........ 12 em.

··-----
: ll, [Link] ..... enfllll .AlaoJ........
(NCBRT
 16..3 REGULAR ANO DIFFUSED
REFLECTION
Q .. 1 .. What is re gu lar an d diffus
ed ref lec tio n?
. An~. When a ~a lle l be am of lig
ht falls on a sm oo th an d shi ny sur
of I.p t 18 aent back m one par all face, the whole
el direction. It is called ref lec tio n
111M allow ft'e ll a small amount (Fi g. 16.9). Mirrors do
'COmplete reflection. of lig ht to pas s thr ou gh the m. Mi rro rs show regular and

Fig . 16.9. Reflection of Ii.p t

Wh eJi all the pa ral lel ray s ref lec
ted from a pla ne are no t para1le1,
diftu.•e d or irr eg ula r. Th is is no t vio tbe reflection ia
lat ion of law of relection, the rea
ref lec tio n is du e t.o irr eg ula rit ies son for diffuaed
in the reflecting sur fac e (Fig. 16.10)
.

Fi( . 18.10. Rays reflected from irre

gu lar aurfaeea
Q. 2. W hy do we ne ed a sh iny su
rfa ce for re pl ar re8 ec tio nT
Ans Mirrors do no t allow even a .
small am ou nt of lig ht t.o pass through
~i el l ~ a sh iny surface sho them. Minot,
ws reg ula r reflection, bec aus e [Link]
IJDCIO [Link] eh iny surface.
t of reflection depends

8.4 R E ~ECTED [Link] CAN BE

REFLECTED AGAIN
Q. 1. eo . many plalle mi rr on ar
e ue d in perlacopeT
[Link].
~ 2. Write the a•••
of~
,Ana, ~ are ued in 1ubm by . . . . . . . hUJ)Jren to -
arinel,
outakte-
· s. When two mirro rs ar-e kept paral lel
~ seen
in these mirro rs. This is kn to each ~tber then nunte rous imag es of the
~ t are _. own as multi ple iJD,ages
Q. 2. Sow JDan y lllll"l'Ora are Wied in kalei doec ope?
·
.Ai)S• Three·
Q. s. Wha t are theuses of kalei dosc ope?
_ .
. _
jUI.S. .Designers of wallp apers and fabri cs and artist s use kale1doscope to get ideas for
ttern&
rteW pa ?
akin kat . d .
Q. 4. Bow is ~e ~hen ome non of refle ction used in m g a . ei. oseo pe
..[Link] are die appl icati ons · of a kalei dosc ope? (NCE RT Exemplar)
".. Th ka1 ·d ·
ei oscop e gives a numb e Of
. .
Ans- e
to one anoth er. Desi ers .r rmag es _formed by refl~ ion from the mirro rs
:~fgn wallp apers , jewe ll~ an~ !=:. ts use kaleid oscop e to get ideas
for new patte rns

1&.6 SUN LIGH T-W HITE OR COL OUR ED

Q. 1. 1Je'111e di-, •eio a of light .
of light.
An& Split ting of light into its colou rs is know n as dispe rsion
Q. 2. Give aa e:sem ple of natu ral dispe rsion .
'} .11& Rainbow is a natu ral phen omen on show
ing dispe rsion .
Q 3. Bow man y colo un of light are there in whit e lipt ?
Ans. Seven.
Q. 4. Bow man y colo an are there in light spectru.D1?
Ans. Seven.
an exam ple.
Q. 5. Wha t bapp ena to lip.t whe n it gets disper■ ed? Give (NCERT Exemplar)
ple.
Ans. Ligh t is split into it.s const ituen t colou rs. Rainbow is an exam

1.7 WHAT IS INSIDE OUR EYES?

di&cuaa the func tiona
Q. 1. Eq,l ain the inter nal struc ture of hum an eye. Alao
f/11 Wllic w part a of the eye.
colou red tough [Link]
Ans.. Durn an eye is rough ly spher ical in shape . It has a white
CIJlit that protect.s the inter ior of the eye from any dama ge.
Its trans paren t front part is
caDed cornea. In the come a, there is a small open ing called the pupil . The size of the pupil
iris act.a as a shutt er
· Ued by the iris. The iris is the co1oUJed part of the eye. The
eye. Behi nd the pupil is
diaphragr.n to contr ol the amou nt of light enter ing into the called retin a. Retin a
,u lena whic h focuses lipt on the back of the eye on a layer
lllllilna several nerv e cells. Sens atiom felt by the nerve
cells are then trans mitte d to the
the optic nerve (8ee Filu n 10.2).
2. Bow wen y ••• Is e6 ■ •• IA 1btp are foun d in bv•
ru.,...,
Then ant two )dpd a • WI ta ..t•
ftllda wbicb aie , , 'i# to dim Bab Beltidl!I,,
e, thill'e an --•
"ch are aenai tmt to ~ t
aenae. ~ · At the Junct ion
.t
- fff/J"t Wha t are

no vuno n 11 poeei Ne at t1iat

w,e and t11i1

- .
 Q. 4. Explaln the [Link] of the [Link]• attached to the ten. of the .,
Ans. In order to see near objecta, mu11cles attached to the Jen, contract .,;~•
lens be~mea th~cker. On the other han~, muscl~e relax and the lent become, th.th1
when distant obJecta are to be seen. Thia changing of the thickne11t of the eye~~
called accommodation. la
Q. 5. What 1• the comfortable clietance at which one can read with a no..;,._.
eye? :-~~
Ans. 25 em
Q. 6. Wbat are the two defects of eye in seeing near and far object1? Bo,,.-~
······•. . b e ~ , ~
Alia. Some penona can Ne near objects clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctt
On the other hand, aome penona cannot see near objects clearly but they can see~
objecta ~ Theae detect. of the eye can be corrected with the help of using suitable
lenaee
Q. '7. Why in old .,_ the eyesight becomes foggy? How can this defect be
r1movedT
Ana. Sometimes, particularly in old age, eyesight becomes foggy. It is due to the eye
lens ~ming milky and cloudy. When it happens, persona are Rid to have cataract. Then
ia a 1088 of vision, sometimes extremely severe. It is possible to treat tbie defect. The opaque
len8 ii removed and a new artificial lens is inserted. Modern technology baa made thia
procedure simpler and safer.
Q. 8. Give an account of 8tructure of eyes of tlae followm8:
Crab, butterfl,:y, owl, e08le,
Ans. Crab: Crab has primary compound eyes and 7 11condary aimple eyee. Two of the
aecondary eyes are on the underside.
Butterfly: The but1:erfly has a compound eye colllpl'iliQg of many ommatidia which
work together to produce a mosaic view of the scene around them. Each ornrnatidium CODlistl
of a cornea and cone which act as a lens.
Owl: Owl has a large comea and a large pupil to allow more light in ita eye, due to
which an owl can see in dark. It has a large number of roda and only a few cones on it1
retina.
Ee,te: An eagle's eye balls are approximately 40'1, bigger in size than a human f1I
ball. The visual ability is 3.6 times better than a burnan.
~ 9. Haae &be part of the eye which pvea colour to the eyee.
(NCERT ExemplliTJ
MMJ., ~
Q. 10• .,_, of tM nocturnal birds have la
tlll8 ...,,._. llr!p diem?
and a large pupil. Bow.! :
(NCERT ExtUJY'""
~ A larp pu..pil and 1arge cornea allows to enter their eyee and M
M .. ,t,Jrcu even m faint [Link].
..,. ,,
~ 11. 1JliM ldM of ...._ II ._. bi our
 n
_8 CARE OF THE EYES
16 au tio n, yo u sh ou ld ta ke for health of your eyes.
Q, 1. What pr ec eckup-
e specialist. Have a regular ch
Ans• You should go to an ey
tacles.
• If advised, use suitable spec
is ba d for ey es. In su ffi cient light causes eyestrain and
• Too little or too much light at of the su n, a po we rful lamp or a laser torch
lik e th
hea~a~es. Too m~ch light,
can 1DJure the retm a.
Do not loo k at th e su n or a powerful light directly.
• th
If pa rticle s of du st go int o your eyes, wash your eyes wi
• Never ru b your eyes. pr ovement go to a doctor.
clean wa ter. If ther e 1s no im
with clean water.
• Wash your eyes frequently d by bringing the book too
dis tan ce for vis ion . Do not rea
• Always read at the normal it too far.
cloee to your eyes or ke ep ing
e th e vitam in A ric h ea ta bl • in their diet? What
ud
Q. .I. Why on e should in cl A?
in
are die main aourees of vitam ns ible for many eye troubles. Most comm
on
in foo ds tuf f is res po
Ans. Lack of vitamin A sh ou ld, the ref ore , include in the diet compon
ents
nd ne ss. On e
amongst them is night bli cco li an d gre en vegetables such as spinach (P
alak),
carro ts, bro
which have vitamin A Raw ric h in vit am in A. Eggs, milk, curd, paneer, bu
tter,
oil are
methi, amarnth and cod liver , banana, mango, apple, [Link] etc. also contain plenty of
ya
ghee and fruits such as papa
vitamin A in them. eone is suffering 6-om cata
ract?
Q. 3. Which pa rt of th e ey
e ge ts af fe cte d if som (NCERT Exemplar)
d
Row ii it treated?
from catar act, the ey e lens becomes clouded. Cataract is treate
Ans. In people suffering
by replacing the opaque len
s with a new artificial lens.

IRED PE RS ON S CA N RE AD AND WRITE

16.9 VISUALLY IMPA re ad an d wr ite ?
su al ly ch al le ng ed pe rs on
Q. 1. Bow does a vi d
Braille writer sla te and stylus, help the visually challenge
Ans. Tactual aids, including
g and writing.
peraons in taking notes, readin
e no n- op tic al aids.
Q. 2. Write th e na m e of •m
seme of touch).
Ans. (i) Tactual aids (uaing the
(ii) Auditory aids (lWDI
th e ND 88 of hearing).
(iii) Electronic aids.

STEM?
.10 WHAT IS THE BRAILLE SY
• 1. Write • oa •BraJll, . . . ..
d pel'80D8 ii known u Braille.
III IQ '
f o r ~ ch allen ge
'nae IDGlt popuJ,u- NIO C8

~-.,-.
Ul"
,_ . a sy stem for vi, ually cballenpd P8l"IOIW
BndDe, hfmeelf' a bHncl peilOD, .. ..

a code for co mD m lamp

Bmdi, SeNlait. .. .. .. .,
Braille Q t c■a.
 Braill e system has 63 dot patter ns or charac ters which repres ent a letter,
combinati
of letters , common [Link] or gramm atical sign.
Oll
Visually challenged people learn the above system by beginn ing with letters
and th
to special charac ters and letter combinations. Methods depen d upon recognition
by touc ~
Each chara cter has to be memorised. Braill e texts can be produced by hand
or by machin ·
To write Braill e by hands , a slate is used consis ting of two metal
plates hinged togeth~
with a paper in betwe en them. A writer insert s a stylus to make dot patter
ns through
cell size openin g on the upper plate. Type writer like devices and printi ng
machines whic~
use embos sed zinc plates to make coded impre ssions on paper, have also
been develoJ>ed.

V. EXT END ED LEAR NIN G-A ctivi ties and Proj ects
(Page 2 14 )
1. Make your own mirror . Take a glass strip or glass slab. Clean it and
put it on
a white sheet of paper. See yourse lf in the glass. Next put the glass slab
on
a black sheet of paper. Again look into the glaas. In which cue do you
•
youn elf bette r and why?
Ans. We can see oursel ves better in the case we put the glass slab
on white sheet.
This is becau se white sheet reflects more light as compa red t.o black sheet.
2. Make friend s with some visual ly impai red students. Enqu ire from
them how
they read and write . Also find out how they are able to recognise object&
,
hurd les and curre ncy notes .
~s. They use non-optical and optical aids to develop their capab ilities ,
for example,
Braill e writer slate and stylus help them in taking notes, readin g and writing
.
Such people try to identi fy things by touchi ng and listen ing the voices
more
carefully.
3. Meet an eye specialist. Get your eye t check ed and disc1188 how to
take care of your eyes.
Ans. We can take care of our eyes by:
(a) washi ng our eyes daily with fresh
(b) eating green vegetables.
(c) regula r check up.
(d) prope r sitting and readin g postur e.
(e) avoiding very intens e or very di
4. Surve y your neighbourhood. Find ou Y childr en below the -ae of 12
~ use spectacles. Find out from t
what , in their view, c,oal.t
tie the reuo n for the weak eyeei child ren.
Almoet hall the childr en W1e spectacl behind their weak ~
mayb e:
(a) Lack of piope r diet {neceaaary f◄
liWo ,a,ain atTV
IDOb ilep. .--
- - - - ,.._ _ JXI__
 VI. ()B~J E< 'TIV E TYP E <ll!E STIO NS fl
Q. 1. Fill in the blank s with the appro priat e word.a:
(i) Impression. of a,i image persis ts fcor · ........ · of the second on ret1·na
~~~)Angle ~f ref[ectU>n is alway s ...... ___ to the angle of inc~n ce. •

(ud ... .. ,. ... is a small openi ng in the cornea.

(iv) Cones are sensit ive to .. ... .. .. . light.
(v) Musc les attach ed to the eye lens .......... and the lens becomes ...... ·... when
distan t objects are to be seen.
(vi) 7b keep our eyes fit our diet shoul d includ e vitam in .......... rich eatables.
(r,u) Impression of an image in eye is formed on .......... .
(oili) BraiUe syalem has .......... dot patterns.
Q. I.. Matc h the loDo wins item• pven in Colum n ½' with that in
Column 'B':

(a) Transparent front part of eye

(6) Laye,- on which impression of images is formed
(c) Point on retina where there are no nerve endings
(d) Senaitive for bright light
(e) I• a amall opening in the cornea
(f) &[Link] for dim light
(g) Controla the size of the pupil

Q. 3. State whet her the etate ment a pven below are True or Fa/,se:
(i) Both incid ent ray and refl,ected ray lie in the same plane.
(ii) Diffu sed refl,ection ill due to the failur e of the laws of refl,ec
tion.
(iii) The image formed by plane mirror is latera lly inverted.
(iv) The iris iB the colou red part of the eye.
(v) Roda are sensitive to brigh t light.
(r,i) Cha,n,ging of the thicknes11 of the eye lens is called accom
modation.

Q. 4. Choo •e the eone ct optio n ln the lollo wins ques tions

(l) A .moo th shini ng •urfac e, which rebounds the light back in same
or in different
diredion. ;. called
(o) a mirro r (b) a 1em
rdMa oa ol lflbt
(e) (d) point of incidence
(#) [Link] of "6ht ~ 1M r,f/«l tn6 •U1foce ;.
<o> ••--tfnr ray <b> incident
) 116eo tcd,_ , (d) ~

•
" ' . , , , . , , Sillil9U9 """"'
 (iv) Front balged part of the ·eyeball is called
· (a) comea
(b) choroid
(c) pupil
retina
(d)
(v) Which one of the following stateme nts is correct regarding rods and co .
the [Link] eye? he, ' 11
(a) Cones are sensitive to dim light (b) Cones are sensitive to bright light
(c} Rods are sensitiv e to bright light (d) Rods can sense colour
(vi) In case of reflection of light, the angle of incidence (i) and the angle of refkctio
(r) are related as 11

i• r
(a) (b) i < r
(c) i > r (d) no definite relation
(vU) [Link] the type of mirror used as a backview mirror.
(a) Plane mirror (b) Concave mirror
(c) Convex mirror (d) Any of these
(uiii) Viaually [Link] people can read and write using
(a) electronic writer (b) digital pens
(c) braille system (d) hearing aids
(~) The image formed by a camera and a llimple microscope are respectively
(a) real and real (b) real and virtual
(c) virtual and virtual (d) virtual and real
(x) What is the angle of incidence of a ray if the refl,ected ray is at an angle of
90° to the inciden t ray?
(a) 60° (b) 43•
(c) 90° 1so0
(xi) The splittin g of white light into n constituent colours is called
(a) refractio n persion
(c) deviation reflection
(xii) The defect due to which a person able to see the distant objects clearly:
(a) Myopia Hyperm etropia
Cornea
(c) Catarac t
(~ii) The amoun t of light enterin g the controlled by
(a) eye lens
(c) iris
~v) Myopia can be corrected by usi
(a) concave lens
(c) opaque lena
(ff) Light enwi the e,, throll6h
(a) .,. . .
 (iv) Front balged part of the eyeball is [Link]
(a) cornea (b) choroid
(c) pupil (d) retina
Which one of the following statements is correct regarding rods and conea i11.
the human eye?
{a) Cones are sensitive to dim light (b ) Cones are sensitive to bright light
(c) Rods are sensitive to bright light (d) Rods can sense colour
(vi) In case of reflection of light, the angle of incidence (i) and the angle of ref/,ection,
(r) are related as
(a ) i = r (b ) i < r
(c) i > r (d ) no definite relation

(vii) NGTIU! the type of mirror uaed as a backview mirror.

(a) Plane mirror (b) Concave mirror
(c) Convex mirror (d) Any of tbele
(viii) V&Bually impai,red people can read and write wing
(a) electronic writer (b) digital pens
(c) braille system (d) [Link] aids
(is) The image formed by a camera and a simple microscope are respectively
(a) real and real (b) real ani virtual
(c) virtual and virtual (d) virtual and real
(%) What is the angle of incidence of .a ray if the refl,ected ray ia at an angle of
90° to the incident ray?
(a) 60° (b) 45°
(c) 90° (d) 180°

(xi) The splitting of white light into its seven constituent colours is called
(a) refraction (b) diapenion
(c) deviation (d )

(xii) The defect due to which a person is not see the distant objects clearly:
(a) Myopia (b) H
(c) Comea (d) C
(siii) The amount of light entering the eye is
(ti) eye lens (b)
~ ) iria (d) ·
~v) Myopia can be corrected by using a
(a) concave 1eu (b)
(c) opaque 1eu
· [Link]"-e,c~ A
 An sw er s
Q . 1. Fil l in the bla nk s:

6 th
(i) / (ii) equ al (iii ) Pu pil (iv) bri gh t
(v) rel ax, thi nn er (vi ) A (vii ) ret ina (vi ii) 63.
Q. z. Ma tch the Ite m• an d• Co [Link] n ~ wi th Co lum n 'B':
t'o lum n ..A~
(: o l u n1 n ~ 11 ~
(a) Tra nsp are nt front par t of eye
(e) Is a sm all ope nin g in the cor nea
<,) Co ntr ols the size of the pup il
(b) Lay er on wh ich imp res sio n of ima ges
is for me d
(c) Poi nt on ret ina wh ere the re are no ner ve end
ing s
(f) Sen siti ve for dim ligh t
(cl) Sen siti ve for bri gh t ligh t

Q. 3. True or False:
(i) Tru e (ii) False (iii ) (iv) Tr ue (v) False
(vi) Tru e.
Q. 4. Chooae th e oorreat .,.U om
(i) (a) (ii) (b) (iii ) (iv ) (a) (v) (b)
(vi) (a) (vi i) (c) (viii) (c) . ) (b) (x) (b)
~) (b) (xi i) (a) ) (a) (xv ) (c) .