Bell-ringer

Imagine the following:

One day you decide to pop some popcorn. You put the bag in the
microwave, but after a couple of minutes of cooking, it is clear the
popcorn is not popping.

Why did this happen?

What steps could you take to locate the problem?

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 Today’s Objectives

Students will be able to use and

experience scientific methods in a
way that would normally be used in
everyday life.
 M & M Activity
Sample Question: How many M& M are
there for each color?

Hypothesis:

Data Collection:
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 HomeWork
-On Google Classroom, I will be sharing a
file called “Assisted Notes Quarter 1”, your
job is to print them up and bind them as
shown

-You need to have it ready for class on

Monday

-Consent form also due Monday

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 Bell-ringer
• Give one example of a scientific method
experiment from what you know right now
about scientific method

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 Today’s Objective
• Students will be able to identify hypothesis
and different variables in the experiment.

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 Scientific Methods
• The scientific method is a standard
series of steps used in gaining new
knowledge through research.

• There is NOT one correct scientific

method.

• Different types of scientific methods are

used for different purposes.

• However, they all have the same

components.
Components of Scientific Method

• Observation
• Ask a question
• Hypothesis
• Experiments
• Data Collection
• Analysis
• Conclusion

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 1. Observation
• Gather through your senses Can you
think of any
• A scientist notices something example?

in their natural world

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 2. Ask a question
• Use the observations you have
made to write a question that
addresses the problem or topic
you want to investigate

• Purpose of a question is narrow

focus down from the observation

• Should be testable

• What was it we are trying to figure

out or solve?
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 3. Hypothesis
Observations questions hypothetical explanations
called “hypotheses”

I SEE WHY? MAYBE IT’S BECAUSE….

• A hypothesis is a possible answer to a

question; educated guess

• If…then form

• Gather info before forming

hypothesis
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Examples of hypothesis

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 Hypothesis-Based Science
Flashlight doesn’t
work!!!!
The big question is… “why
not?”

Maybe it’s
because……

Prediction: If I change
the batteries, then it will
work…
The predictions from a hypothesis can be tested
 Hypothesis-Based Science
These 2 Hypotheses are
based on experience…

“If …………,
then…………….”

Lets test it….

The predictions from a hypothesis can be tested

 Change the following question into a good
hypothesis

1. Does intake of calcium affect bone strength?

▪ If a person increase calcium intake, then his bone will be
stronger.
2. Does adding fertilizer affect the growth of a plant?
▪ If increase/decrease the amount of fertilizer, then the plant
will be taller
3. How can I lose weight?
▪ If I run 4 times a week for 2 months, then I will lose 5 kg.

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 4. Experiment

• A procedure
to test the
hypothesis.
Variable – factor in the experiment
that is being tested

Example: Testing
whether new fertilizer
will make plant grow
better
Scientific Experiments Follow Rules

• An
experimenter
changes one
factor and
observes or
measures
what happens.
There are 2 types of variables:
•Independent variable •Dependent variable
- The factor that can - The factor that being
be change/set by the measured by the
experimenter experimenter.

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Identify the independent and
dependent variable

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 Some examples of independent and
dependent variables
1. How the amount of time spends studying effect test
score?
Independent Variable: Amount of time spends studying.
Dependent Variable: Test score
2. Does the pH in soil effect plant growth?
Independent Variable: pH level
Dependent Variable: Plant height/ plant growth

3. Does eating clean food better for your health?

Independent Variable: Type of food (clean food, junk
food, normal food?
Dependent Variable: health (weight, how often you get
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sick)
 The Constants
• The experimenter makes a special effort to keep
other factors constant so that they will not affect
the outcome.

• Constants are all the factors that stay the same

in an experiment.
 The Constant
Example: Does the pH in soil effect plant growth?

Independent Variable: pH level

Dependent Variable: Plant height/ plant growth

Constants:
-Type of soil
-Temperature
-Amount of sunlight
-Amount of water
-Type of plant
-Area
-Humidity
-Etc.
 Example
Students of different ages were given the
same jigsaw puzzle to put together.
They were timed to see how long it took
to finish the puzzle.

Independent Variable?
Dependent Variable?
Controlled Variable?
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 No Bellringer Today

Please take out your assisted notes and get ready

for the lesson

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Remember: To be a Valid Experiment:
• There should be only one variable being measured.
• During the experiment, the scientists have to compare 2
groups of experiment to see the different.

1. Control group: 2. Experimental group:

The tested group that The tested group that
treated the same way exposes to independent
with the experimental variable.
group, but does NOT
expose to independent
variable.
 Check for Progress
An industrial psychologist is interested in whether lowering the
temperature in a packing room will increase productivity (number
of products packed). Workers in two equivalent packing rooms
participate in the study. Room A is maintained at 65 degrees,
Room B is left at the usual company temperature of 76 degrees.

•Independent variable: _____________________

•Dependent variable: ______________________
•Constant: ____________________________
•Experimental Group: ______________________
•Control Group: ______________________

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Escape Room!

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 Escape Room activity
• In your group of 3, you will get a set of 5
level of question (4 questions for each
level).
• DO NOT write anything on the cards! .
• Use google doc (check your Google
classroom) to crack the code.
• DO NOT forget to record the code.
• Once all levels are complete, retrieve the
completion code
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 Escape Room activity
• Link to Google Doc.

[Link]

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 Bellringer
1. Three redwood trees are kept at different
humidity levels inside a greenhouse for 12
weeks. One tree is left outside in normal
conditions. Height of the tree is measure once a
week.
• Identify the independent variable, dependent variable,
constants, experimental group, control group of the
experiment.

2. Did you like Escape Room? Why or why not?

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 Today’s Objective
• Students will be able to evaluate their
escape room practice.

• They will also be able to compare and

contrast qualitative and quantitative data
as well as how data are analyze and
conclude

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Let’s go over Escape Room
Questions!

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5. Data Collection and Analysis
• Data – information gathered during experiment
• Qualitative – involved description, cannot be measured.
EX. Smells, tastes, colors, feelings, etc.

• Quantitative – involved numbers, can be measured.

EX: Height, weight, sound, temperature, time,
etc.

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Example
Qualitative:
- pink color
- taste very sweet
- vanilla smell
- spongy texture
Quantitative:
-3 layers
- price
- 5 flowers
- 20 inch circumference
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 Analyzing Data

-Look for patterns and trends to

explain from the data

-Can the data be represented

through graphs or tables to make
it easier to understand?

-Explanation needed; detailed

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6. Conclusion
• Conclusion is the answer to
hypothesis based on data
obtained from the experiment

• The results support my

hypothesis because ________

• Findings are reported in

scientific journals
• Peers review the findings
• Other scientists then
attempt to duplicate or
dismiss the published
findings

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Bell Ringer
Write a hypothesis

If I charge my laptop for 2

hours, then I can continue
watching GoT

If I change the cat food, then

my cat will eat her food

If I water the pot, then my

tomato will grow

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 Today’s Objective
• Students will be able to practice identifying
components of scientific method

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 Station rotations
• With your partner, go to the different
stations around the room (and outside)
and answer the questions in your answer
sheet.

• If there’s already one partner there, go to a

different station
 No Bellringer
• Let’s go over the Simpson rotations!
 Independent variable =
a variable that you are
testing in the experiment/
your hypothesis

Dependent variable =
something you are
looking for/ the result of
testing your independent
variable.

Because, it doesn’t get the juice which is the

Group B independent variable.

Type of juice
Productivity/ stack of papers
His hypothesis is incorrect, because ……

Have more than 1 experimental group, repeat the experiment, have a new 43
hypothesis, etc.
Practice! :
What is the hypothesis
for this scenario?
If …. , then ……
If he uses the coconut
juice to clean the shower,
then the slime will
disappear.

He notices the green slim in his shower.

The side of the shower that used ‘water’

Type of liquid/ juice

The cleanness of his shower

His hypothesis is invalid, because ……

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 Practice! :
What is the hypothesis
for this scenario?
If …. , then ……

If the mice exposed to

radiowaves, then they will
become extra strong

Mice that had not been exposed to the radiowaves

Exposure to radio wave

Strength of the mice!

His hypothesis is incorrect, because ……

Use more mice, have more experimental groups of mice, length of exposure,45
etc.
Practice! :
What is the hypothesis
for this scenario?
If …. , then ……

If the new itching powder

Is the best, then he will
have a longer itching time

Original itching powder

Type itching powder
Time of itchiness

The hypothesis is correct, because……. 46

 Mr. Krabbs wants to make Bikini Bottoms a nicer place to live. He has
created a new sauce that he thinks will reduce the production of body gas
associated with eating crabby patties from the Krusty Krab. He recruits 100
customers with a history of gas problems. He has 50 of them (Group A) eat
crabby patties with the new sauce. The other 50 (Group B) eat crabby
patties with sauce that looks just like new sauce but is the old sauce with
new color. Both groups were told that they were getting the sauce that
would reduce gas production. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, 30
customers in group A reported having fewer gas problems and 8 customers
in group B reported having fewer gas problems.

Which people are in the control group? _______ Group B____________________

Independent variable ___ new sauce____________________________

Dependent Variable ________ gas problems________________________

What should Mr. Krab’s conclusion be? __________ _support the hypothesis ; significant number reported less
gas problems with new sauce

Why do you think 8 people in Group B reported feeling better? _______________________ placebo effect
___________________________________________________________
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What was the initial observation? ___________Gary suffering from slimotosis Independent
Variable? ________type of treatment; seaweed and Dr. Kelp Dependent variable?
_______whether or not still have slimotosis

What should SpongeBob’s conclusion be? ____________Slimotosis is gone but no way to

tell whether Dr. Kelp or seaweed made it go away

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20. Sponge Bob

21. Type of cream
22. Muscle power
23. Look at how many times they can lift after each week, what
are the differences? 49
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If the fish eat food that exposes to the microwaves, then they will solve the maze faster
25 Fish that eats regular food
26 Type of food / exposure to the microwaves
27 Time to solve the maze
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 A Case Study in Scientific Inquiry:
Investigating Mimicry in Snake Populations

Many poisonous species are

brightly colored, which warns
potential predators.

Mimics are harmless species that

closely resemble poisonous species
This hypothesis was tested with the poisonous coral
snake and its mimic the nonpoisonous scarlet
kingsnake

Coral Snake Kingsnake

Both species live in the Carolinas, but the kingsnake is
also found in regions without poisonous coral snakes

If predators inherit an avoidance of the coral snake’s

coloration, then the colorful kingsnake will be attacked
less often in the regions where coral snakes are present
 Field Experiments with Artificial Snakes
To test this mimicry hypothesis, researchers made hundreds of
artificial snakes:
An experimental group resembling artificial kingsnakes
A control group resembling artificial plain brown snakes

Equal numbers of
both types were
placed at field
sites, including
areas without
poisonous coral
snakes
 After four weeks, the
scientists retrieved both
types of artificial snakes
and counted bite or
claw marks.

The data fit the predictions of the mimicry hypothesis:

The ringed snakes

were attacked less
frequently
(compared to
brown snakes)
in the geographic region where
coral snakes were found
A controlled experiment compares an experimental group
(the artificial kingsnakes) with a control group (the artificial
brown snakes)

Only the variable of interest (the color pattern of the

artificial snakes) should differ between the control and
experimental groups

Control groups are used to cancel the effects of unwanted variables.