Archimate Diagram Examples

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DESIGN OF A BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE MODEL FOR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

BASED ON ADM - TOGAF 9.0

Design of an enterprise architecture model for scientific publications based on ADM

- TOGAF 9.0

Nemías Saboya Ríos

Peruvian Union University, Peru

Omar L Loaiza Jara omarlj@[Link]

Peruvian Union University, Peru

Danny Lévano Rodríguez

Peruvian Union University, Peru

DESIGN OF A BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE MODEL FOR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

BASED ON ADM - TOGAF 9.0

University Notes. Research Magazine, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 52-67, 2018

Peruvian Union University

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Reception: December 5, 2017
Approval: February 1, 2018

Summary: The objective of this research was to propose the design of a business architecture
model for scientific publications based on TOGAF 9.0 and modeling in Archimate for the
Universidad Peruana Unión. The research is technological since it proposes a solution to the need to
achieve positioning through an acceptable level of visibility for scientific publications according to
lines of research.

Keywords: enterprise architecture, TOGAF, scientific articles.

Abstract: The objective of this research study was to design a proposed enterprise architecture
model for scientific publications based on TOGAF 9.0 and modeling in Archimate for the Peruvian
Union University (Universidad Peruana Unión). This is a technological study since it proposes a
solution to the need to achieve positioning through an acceptable level of visibility for scientific
publications according to established research fields.

Keywords: Enterprise architecture, TOGAF, scientific articles.

1. Introduction

University education in Peru requires that university centers provide

professionals with the necessary skills to solve problems of different magnitude.
In this sense, the Peruvian State, through its competent bodies, has generated a
regulatory framework so that universities function under quality parameters and
achieve the projected purposes as a whole. On the other hand, information
technologies must become a support to generate technological initiatives that
make universities undertake transformations to satisfy the demands of the state or
other particular interests of the institution.

Every organization must keep in mind that today's world is changing thanks to
the use of information technologies, therefore, an information technology
architecture serves to achieve the goals sought. Jaramillo, Cabrera, Abad, and
Torres. (2016) mention that the environment of organizations changes as
technological innovations are developed, where opportunities arise that must be
taken advantage of.

For Arango, Londoño & Zapata (2010), Business Architecture in an

organization is a comprehensive representation, which leads to the establishment
of a clear vision with objectives and goals consistent with the company's
business. The alignment begins from strategic management considering the
mission, vision, guidelines and strategic indicators, to a technical description that
is known as construction of the integrated architecture, which systematically
details the current and future structure of the organization's processes; These, in
turn, as a fundamental piece, require the incorporation of substantial elements for
it to function optimally, such as the processes where business models are evident,
the organizational structure that represents people and administrative structures,
and finally the information technologies that reside in the incorporation of
computer elements such as: applications, information repositories, technological
infrastructure schemes and computer security.

The purpose of this research is to propose a business architecture model for

scientific publications based on the TOGAF 9.0 framework and using the
Archimate 3.1 modeling language at the Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU)
focused on the research axis, book publication section and articles, in that sense,
the processes and indicators established by the strategic plan were considered.
This study begins by describing the context in the environment external to UPeU,
taking into account the standards of state entities regarding accreditation and
licensing in university higher education, the strategic direction (mission, vision,
strategic objectives and indicators regarding Scientific Publications).

The previous description should allow for sufficient information to formulate

concerns, which allow for the elaboration of a motivational view of business
architecture, this in turn provides a model taken from the organizational context
aligned with the current strategic plan to be converted into objectives and goals
of the business architecture model. . Additionally, the organizational publication
processes (AS-IS) are designed, as they are executed in the reality under study, as
well as the processes in the To be version, which would be the improved
processes proposed for the study.

1.1. E NTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE

1.1.1. O RIGIN OF ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE (EA)

Enterprise architecture has its principles since 1987, when Zachman (1987)
published an article in the IBM System journal titled “A framework for
information systems architecture.” In that article. Zachman establishes a strong
challenge to organizations, indicating that the only thing that will guide
organizations in the coming years to the present day will be to have a focus on
the automation of the organization.

The approach provided by Zachman was very influential in the United States
and this is how the Department of Defense (DoD) created an enterprise
architecture called the Technical Architecture framework for information
Manager (TAFIM), said Enterprise Architecture Model provided guidance at the
level of company for the evolution of the DoD technical infrastructure. Identifies
services, standards, concepts, components, and configurations that can be used to
guide the development of technical architectures that meet specific mission
requirements.

Standards-based architecture (SBA) planning process. Defined by the TAFIM,

it consists of seven distinct phases, as shown in Figure 1, but interdependent.
Each phase of the SBA process is intended to create specific products and/or
documents that guide the subsequent phase. The seven phases are briefly
described below.

Phase 1, Initiation Framework and Architecture: The methodology begins with

an adequate initiation of the process within the organization. This involves
developing a set of strategic drivers for the organization. Additionally, a business
model is reviewed or built to establish an operating model of strategic objectives.

Phase 2. Baseline Characterization: This grounding phase aims to determine

the current architecture of the organization. It is an evaluation of the current
environment, which results in a characterization in four dimensions or key points
of view: work, information, application and technology.

Phase 3. Target Architecture: The various framework visions are modeled in

terms of a desirable target architecture, usually 3 to 5 years in the future.
 Phase 4. Identification of Opportunities: Move from conceptual reflection to
practical reality and implementation, with the determination of the necessary
development projects.

Phase 5. Migration Options: Link the reality of the present with the desirability
of the target architecture by establishing one or more plateaus that represent
practical migration stages.

Phase 6. Implementation Planning: The phase results in a detailed

implementation plan for the first plateau of the migration effort.

Phase 7. Institutionalization of the ITA Process: This phase aims to keep the
architecture alive and well by continually improving.

1.1.2. W HAT IS ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE ?

Niemi E & Pekkola S (2016) define it as the organization's competence that

“includes all the models necessary to manage and develop an organization and
has a holistic vision of its business processes, information systems and
technological infrastructure.” Likewise, Mejía (2013) indicates that business
architecture is a method that aligns the organization at all its levels, giving it a
comprehensive vision of the strategic objectives, thus allowing an alignment of
processes, information, applications and the entire technological infrastructure. of
the organization.

On the other hand, Lankhorst (2005) also states that “Enterprise architecture is
a coherent set of principles, methods and models that are used in the design and
implementation at the enterprise level of organizational structure, business
processes, systems. information and infrastructure

1.1.3. E NTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE AND ITS BENEFITS

Arango, Londoño & Zapata (2010) present a set of benefits that business
architecture provides, these benefits generated by the holistic vision provided by
its management model.

1. 1. 1. Business Architecture allows the organization to be located in its

context and is articulated under a coherent structure, at all levels.

2. Business Architecture integrates the levels of the organization from the

planning aspects, business operations and technological aspects,
organizing them under the same objectives.
 4. Business Architecture eliminates the lack of knowledge between
business processes and the technology that supports it and unifies it,
bringing it to what is demanded and required by strategic management.

5. Business Architecture unifies, optimizes and/or eliminates processes

and technologies that generate operational costs, leading them to
continuous and meaningful improvement.

1.1.4. TOGAF AND E NTERPRISE A RCHITECTURE

TOGAF is a framework proposed by the OpenGroup that is based on the

principles of enterprise architecture. It is an iterative model that establishes a set
of good practices to bring the organization to a technological alignment of
processes and strategic objectives. TOGAF's methodological proposal is
centralized in the Architecture Development Method (ADM), which presents a
cycle of phases that allows defining a business model by aligning strategic
objectives. Processes and technology of the organization (see figure 2).

The preliminary phase defines the orientation of the organization, in this phase
the context of the organization is defined and examined and the organizational
structure is identified.

In phase A, a main activity of the model is developed, the scope, limitations,

and restrictions of the future business architecture model are established. In this
stage, the vision of the Architecture is presented and created, the stakeholders are
identified and described, the business orientation is validated and what the
architectural work will be is created in a high-level view.

Phase B, C and D is where the architecture is structured and defined in four

architectural domains; Business, Information systems - applications, Information
systems – data and technology.

Phase E presents criteria to outline future planning for the implementation of

the architecture. One of the primary tasks is the preparation of the Roadmap,
which presents the series of moves to be made to implement the technology in
the organization.

Phase F presents a detailed plan for the implementation and migration of the
architecture.

Phase G establishes a strategy for supervision and monitoring of the

implementation, defines and publishes formal agreements or contracts for the
implementation of the architecture.

Phase H provides a change management plan to ensure that the architecture

established in the organization continuously responds to its needs, so that the
value of the architecture for the business is maximized.

1.1.5. M ODELING LANGUAGE (A RCHIMATE )

Archimate is, in Open Group terms, a modeling language that allows the layers
of a business architecture to be graphically represented, so that business
architects can abstract relevant elements after a prognosis of their business
environment, and easily transition to technological models. ; In a practical sense,
it is graphically represented how you want to build a business architecture with
IT that responds to the strategic needs of the business.

It is composed of a set of stereotypes with a clear and defined meaning of their

representation and specification. Several symbols used together allow modeling
an architectural view, according to the interest of the Architect when going
through the ADM methodology. Thus, there are stereotypes to represent actors,
drivers, goals, restrictions for the motivational view; There are also drawing
elements to model business layer artifacts such as: processes, activities, business
objects and others; Regarding the application layer, the use of applications,
services, interfaces can be drawn, which represent the purpose of software
architectures, the main pieces for its operation from a logical point of view; and
finally, stereotypes to symbolize physical hardware artifacts. All these symbols
must represent the global structure to be achieved so that IT aligns with the
corporate business strategy.

1.1.6. S CIENTIFIC PUBLICATION PROCESSES

Scientific production of any kind goes through a rigorous and dense editorial
process of activities until it is published in a scientific journal. This process
involves the participation of different actors, among them we have: writers,
magazine editors, publishing houses and digital libraries. A rigorous process
ensures that any publication is enriching and contributes incremental knowledge
and experience to a particular or general science.

Prior to the publication process, authors generally select which scientific

journal they should publish, here a set of criteria accompany the selection such
as: journal impact factor (ISI, JCR, etc.), thematic scope, periodicity, language ,
etc. Once this activity has been carried out, the publication process can begin.

The publication processes begin when the editorial bodies of any journal call
on the scientific community to publish their manuscripts, or the authors get in
touch; For either way, the current way to do it is using emails or uploading files
from a web page.

Once the manuscript is received, it generally goes through an initial filter that
will allow us to know if the manuscript complies with the writing style, if it is
within the thematic scope, respects ethical issues and is accompanied by the
documentation that a journal requires, if so, is admitted to submission. Then, it is
subjected to a review, both of the form and substance of the document; At this
point, the reviewers may or may not know the authors of the manuscripts,
depending on the work policies of the scientific journal in question; Regarding
the substance of the manuscript, anti-plagiarism technologies are often used to
detect improper copies of texts; The coherence between the parts of the document
is reviewed, the methodological section is analyzed to see if it complies with the
principles of reproducibility and falsification. If there are observations, these
must be corrected within a reasonable period of time, and the observations must
be duly supported. When the review committee has no further observations, it
recommends its publication to move on to the editorial process of graphic design
and physical format in the magazine.

The above list of activities does not necessarily indicate a pre-established or

prescribed order, but is a generic factorization, which usually happens; Each
magazine reserves the right to carry out its activities in accordance with its
principles and purposes. The idea that there is a process, driven by actors and
supported by technological tools that manage the activities and information that
is generated, remains established.

2. Materials and methods

2.1. P ARTICIPANTS

For this study, UPeU was considered as a case and the participants were
teachers and administrators related to scientific research, who participated as
evaluators and validators of the proposed model.

2.2. I NSTRUMENTS

The information was collected through a semi-structured interview guide,

which was applied to valid interlocutors regarding the scientific publication
process; In this instrument, items were formulated to understand elements of
strategic management such as mission, vision.

Cards were also used to collect information through the documentary review
technique. The documents that were reviewed were management documents such
as Strategic Plan, Annual Operational Plan (POA), General Research
Regulations, SINEACE quality standards.

On the other hand, to validate the model, the documentary review technique
was used and an observation instrument was developed that was validated by
experts, which served for the contracting and validation of the business
architecture model.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. P RELIMINARY PHASE

In this phase, a general analysis of the Universidad Peruana Unión (UPeU), a

confessional educational institution of a religious denomination in Peru, was
carried out; It has a main headquarters in the city of Lima and two branches
(Juliaca and Tarapoto) and the vision and mission of the institution. To comply
with its strategic direction, the institution strategically articulates strategic axes
that emerge from the vision, establishing institutional objectives that support the
institution's university quality management and the educational quality
requirements proposed by the state and the Adventist Church of the Seventh Day
[IASD]
 The UPeU research axis currently requires the development and achievement
of: research and innovation projects, thesis preparation, scientific publications
and participation in scientific events. These elements are contemplated in the
POA and are supported by a set of formalized processes ( Process map) that help
comply with these elements. In this study, the element of scientific publications
and the processes that support it were focused.

3.2. P HASE A: V ISION OF THE ARCHITECTURE

In this phase concerns were identified; The status quo of the UPeU context in
terms of university research in Peru was taken into account, as well as interviews
carried out with stakeholders such as the general director of research, director of
professional schools, research teachers and students, the results helped to identify
the most relevant concern that flows into the fulfillment of the institutional
vision.

The most relevant concern for the study was “Achieve positioning through an
acceptable level of visibility for scientific publications according to lines of
research”, in students and teachers. In addition, an initial list of potential
technological drivers was identified that can help facilitate the fulfillment of the
vision in relation to the concern discussed in the study, input that was used to
develop the business architecture model (see table 1).

Figure 3 allows you to visualize the motivational view diagram derived from
the need to generate a business architecture model related to the topic of
scientific publications at UPeU. Likewise, the stakeholders who are directly
related to the case are identified: academic and administrative officials, teachers
and students. These stakeholders are responsible for positioning the university
through their publications of the results of the research they carry out.
 The UPeU as a strategy carries out annual activities evidenced in its Annual
Operational Plan for the fulfillment of goals and these in turn are related to
indicators according to axes; in the case of research; According to the need of the
study, two goals were considered: one related to teachers: “more than 30% of
full-time teachers publish in high-impact journals” and the other to students:
“more than 20% of those enrolled publish their research works.” .

The goal in relation to teachers is related to and will depend on the results of
the percentage of articles accepted in high-impact journals, the number of books
and/or chapters of scientific books financed by UPeU or self-financed by Authors
(university community). These goals can be affected by the following results:
Negatively if articles, books or book chapters are rejected or observed; and in a
positive way when these are accepted for subsequent publication. For the goal in
relation to students, it is related to the results of the publications of their
empirical scientific articles and research work in repositories.

To guarantee the success of the goals and the proposal, it is necessary to have
capabilities in: a) management of publications of books or book chapters and b)
management of scientific articles in magazines. These capabilities must be
supported by resources (people and processes) which are detailed in Figure 3.
3.3. P HASE B: B USINESS ARCHITECTURE

In this phase, the AS-IS and TO-BE process diagrams were developed that give
the ability to achieve the established goal in relation to the organizational
objectives; For the study, the following processes were considered: process of
publication of articles in UPeU journals, process of publication of articles in
external journals, process of publication of books financed by UPeU, process of
publication of self-financed books. For the purposes of This article will only
present the process of publications in external journals.

3.3.1. P UBLICATION OF ARTICLES IN EXTERNAL MAGAZINES

AS-IS

Figure 4 presents the set of activities carried out by the process of publishing
articles in external journals; As can be seen, the process allows interaction
between the business actor, the Author, and the business role, editorial
committee; This interaction is developed through a set of activities from the
activity, submit article and passing through activities that allow generating
deliverables that will give persistence to the information within the process, until
reaching the activity, publish article, thus managing to have as the main element
the article published in UPeU magazines.

TO-BE

For the same process of publishing articles in external journals, Figure 5

proposes making an adjustment of the activities in order to orient the process to
see the author as a client instead of seeing him as a worker in the process and this
will also allow having a vision aimed at bringing the process to automation, as
presented by the BPMN model.
In a complementary way, a business architecture model develops the gap analysis
(see figure 6), within this task, it is identified which activities will be replaced,
added or deleted from the AS-IS process in contrast to the TO BE process, this
allows presenting and supporting in a technical and summarized way the changes
generated from one process to another, justifying the change

The gap analysis in Figure 6 expresses the actions that need to be carried out in
a roadmap, to reach the process in its TO BE version from the current AS IS
situation. For example, an application is placed to

manage the submission of submissions, another to automate the review of

manuscripts through applications equipped with machine learning algorithms,
3.4. P HASE C AND D: S ERVICES AND T ECHNOLOGICAL A RCHITECTURE

3.4.1. P UBLICATION OF ARTICLES IN MAGAZINES – R EVIEW ACTIVITY

In this phase, the architecture of the application, data and technological layer
was developed; As you can see, the activity performing a review of the article
publication process will require 2 application services, which are Perform
external review and perform internal review. These 2 will be supported by an
application function called Manage Revisions, which requires the article and
content objects. and revisions, which will allow persistence to the data processed
in the application function, which interacts externally through a publications
component which is presented through web access and mobile access; Finally,
the technology required will be an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) which will
function as middleware between HP Oracle servers, Redhat and a Backup server
(see figure 7).

Figure 7
Modeling the application view and physical view

3.5. P HASE E AND F: ROADMAP

The last phase consisted of defining the planning of the architecture, this is
developed through a Roadmap (see figure 8) or roadmap that presents over time
how the technology will be implemented within the organization, it is prepared
based on the analysis of phase C and D.

4. Conclusions

1. 1. 1. The architectural vision analysis allowed the organization to identify

its needs, purposes of the organization and from there analyze the
processes, technology, applications and information required that will
allow it to meet the concerns of scientific research publications in the
medium term.

2. An analysis of the organization's capabilities was prepared based on

processes that allowed an analysis from a low-level view of how the
organization functions within it, through the identification of processes
(ASIS Processes), thus allowing propose improvements and optimize
processes under a non-manual analysis but with an automated vision (TO
BE Processes).

3. It was possible to comprehensively align the vision objectives with the

use of information technologies, developing a comprehensive view that
covered the business process, in this case the publications, the proposed
information systems, the data and information so that manage to position
the institution through acceptable visibility with the support of a
technological infrastructure

4. Finally, developing a business architecture model, using Togaf's ADM,

has allowed the processes to be optimized, define the required technology
aligned with the organizational objectives, additionally allows to visualize
over time how said technology will be delivered and integrating the
organization.

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