Page 1: Introduction to Machine Learning
1.1 What is Machine Learning?
• Definition: Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) focused on
building systems that learn from data, identify patterns, and make decisions with minimal
human intervention.
• Types of ML:
o Supervised Learning: Training a model on labeled data (e.g., classification,
regression).
o Unsupervised Learning: Finding hidden patterns in unlabeled data (e.g.,
clustering, dimensionality reduction).
o Reinforcement Learning: Learning through rewards and punishments (e.g.,
game playing, robotics).
1.2 Key Terminologies
• Dataset: A collection of data used for training and testing models.
• Features: Individual measurable properties or characteristics of a phenomenon being
observed.
• Labels: The output variable which the model is trained to predict.
• Model: A mathematical representation of a real-world process.
• Training: The process of learning from data.
• Validation: The process of evaluating the model on unseen data during training.
1.3 Applications of ML
• Image and speech recognition
• Healthcare (predicting diseases, drug discovery)
• Finance (fraud detection, stock market prediction)
• Autonomous vehicles