QUESTIONED
DOCUMENT
JOSEPH R. SEREÑO
DOCUMENT
ANY MATERIAL CONTAINING MARKS, SYMBOLS, OR SIGNS EITHER
VISIBLE, PARTIALLY VISIBLE THAT MAY REPRESENT OR ULTIMATELY
CONVEY MEANING TO SOMEONE
MAYBE IN THE FORM OF PENCIL, INK, WRITING, TYPEWRITING, OR
PRINTING.
DOCUMENT
APPLIES TO WRITINGS; WORDS PRINTED, LITHOGRAPHED OR
PHOTOGRAPHED; TO MAPS OR PLANS; TO SEALS, PLATES OR EVEN
STONES
DOCUMENTS
MAY MEAN DEEDS, AGREEMENTS, TITLE, LETTERS,
RECEIPTS AND OTHER WRITTEN INSTRUMENTS USED
TO PROVE A FACT.
LATIN VS FRENCH
DOCUMENTUM MEANS
LATIN
"LESSON OR EXAMPLE"
DOCERE MEANS "TO TEACH"
FRENCH
QUESTIONED
ANY MATERIAL WHICH SOME ISSUE HAS BEEN
RAISED OR UNDER SCRUTINY
QUESTIONED
DOCUMENT
FACTS APPEARING MAY NOT BE TRUE AND ARE
CONTESTED WITH RESPECT TO ITS
AUTHENTICITY, IDENTITY OR ORIGIN.
DISPUTED
DOCUMENT
TERM SUGGESTING AN ARGUMENT OR
CONTROVERSY
STANDARD
DOCUMENT
ARE CONDENSED AND COMPACT SETS OF
AUTHENTIC SPECIMENS
STANDARD
THOSE THINGS WHOSE ORIGINS ARE
KNOWN
EXEMPLAR
TERM USED BY SOME DOCUMENT
EXAMINERS AND ATTORNEY TO
CHARACTERIZE KNOWN MATERIAL
HOLOGRAPHIC
DOCUMENT
ANY DOCUMENT WRITTEN AND SIGNED
BY ONE PERSON
HOLOGRAPHIC
WILL
CAN BE PROBATED WITHOUT ANYONE
HAVING WITNESSED ITS EXECUTION
REFERENCE
COLLECTION
MATERIAL COMPILED AND ORGANIZED
BY THE DOCUMENT EXAMINER TO ASSIST
HIM IN ANSWERING SPECIAL QUESTIONS.
WHO IS ALBERT
OSBORN?
Kinsa kaha ?!!
"FATHER OF SCIENCE IN
QUESTIONED DOCUMENT
ALBERT EXAMINATION"
SHERMAN
OSBORN "QUESTIONED
DOCUMENTS AND
PROBLEM OF PROOF"
PEOPLE VS MORENO
LEGAL Any written document by which
a right is established or an
ASPECTS obligation is extinguished
OF PEOPLE VS NILLOSQUIN
DOCUMENTS Every deed or instrument
executed by person by which
some disposition or agreement is
proved, evidenced or set forth
BEST EVIDENCE RULE
Any physical embodiment of
information or ideas
EXAMINATION OF
HANDWRITING
VARIOUS
determination of signature
and handprinting
ASPECT OF
QUESTIONED MISCELLANEOUS
DOCUMENT ASPECTS
EXAMINATION detection of alteration,
decipherment of erased writing,
restoration of obliterated
writing, determination of age,
identification of stamps, seals,
coins, currency bills and the like.
Documents with
questioned signatures
CLASSES OF
Questioned Documents
QUESTIONED alleged to have been
DOCUMENT containing fraudulent
alterations
Questioned or Disputed
Holographic Wills
HOLOGRAPHIC
2 TYPES WILL
OF WILL
NOTARIAL
WILL
Documents investigated on
the question of typewriting
CLASSES OF Questioned Documents on
QUESTIONED issues of their age or date
Questioned Documents on
DOCUMENT issues of material used in
their production
Documents or writings
investigated alleged that they
identify some persons through
handwriting ( Anonymous and
Disputed Letters )
PRINCIPLE OF
IDENTIFICATION
"When two items contain a combination of corresponding or
similar and specifically oriented characteristics of such
number and significance as to preclude the possiblity of their
occurence and there are no unaccounted for their differences,
it may be concluded that they are same in their characteristics
attributed to the same cause."
Scientifically applied by
MR. ROY A. HUBER
THE
ACE-V
"ANALYSIS,
COMPARISON AND
METHODOLOGY
EVALUATION"
When it is difficult to establish
the excellent agreement of
identity refer to some other
experts for verification
COLLECTED
STANDARDS
Known as genuine handwritings
TYPES OF REQUESTED
HAND STANDARDS
Handwritings written by an
WRITING individual upon request for the
purpose of comparison
POST LITEM MOTAM
"STANDARDS" EXEMPLARS
writings produced by the subject
after evidential writing
"No two writers write exactly
alike"
"The physical condition and
PRINCIPLE position of the person including
INVOLVED
his writing instrument may
affect the handwriting
IN HAND characteristics but they do not
confine all its identifying
WRITING elements"
IDENTIFICATION "A writer cannot exceed his
maximum writing ability or skills
without serious effort and
training applied over a period of
time"
"The combination of handwriting
characteristics including those
derive from form and writing
PRINCIPLE
movements are essential
elements of identification"
INVOLVED "Individuality in writing can only
IN HAND
be determined through
comparative examination with
WRITING the standard written prepared
under comparable condition"
IDENTIFICATION
"Similarity does not mean
identity"
"Complete identity means
definite forgery"
ANALYSIS
characteristics observed or
measured
ACE-V COMPARISON
Characteristics compared with
METHOD
familiar or recorded properties of
known items
EVALUATION
Weight of significance is
considered and determined by its
likelihood of occurrence
VERIFICATION
The process of double checking
SIGNATURE
name written by him/her in an instrument or
document as a sign of acknowledgment
CROSS MARK
many who could not write signed with
a cross mark or crude X
SIGNIFICANT
EVIDENTIAL
TERMS SIGNATURE
signed at a particular time and place;
and the like
FRAUDULENT
SIGNATURE
A forge signature
FREE HAND
Forge signature, tracing the outline
of a genuine signature
GUIDED
writers hand or arm is steadied in
anyway
IMITATED
SIGNATURES synonymous with free hand
MODEL
A genuine signature
THEORY OF
COMPARISON
The act of setting two or more
signatures
CONVENTIONAL
STYLES OR SIGNATURE
KINDS OF Legible or readable signature
SIGNATURE
HIGHLY INDIVIDUAL
SIGNATURE
series of intertwining strokes
ornamentatio and flourishes
FORMAL
(CONVENTIONAL OR
COPYBOOK)
complete correct signature
TYPES OF
INFORMAL
SIGNATURES (CURSORY)
Personalized and semi-personalized
CARELESS SCRIBBLE
for mail carrier, delivery boy or the
autograph collector
FORGERY VS
COUNTERFEITING VS
FALSIFICATION
Distinguish?
SIMULATED OR
FREEHAND
IMITATION
CLASSES OF FORGERY
FORGED SIMULATED WITH THE MODEL
BEFORE THE FORGER
SIGNATURES Direct technique - works
with the ink
Indirect - first works with
the pencil and covers the
pencil stroke with the ink
TRACED
FORGERY
(TRACED
CLASSES OF SIGNATURE)
FORGED SIMULATED WITH THE MODEL
BEFORE THE FORGER
SIGNATURES
Direct Tracing - made by
transmitted light
Indirect - uses carbon
paper
CARBON PROCESS
interleaves a carbon paper
TYPES OF
INDENTATION
TRACED PROCESS
SIGNATURES canal - like outlines
TRANSMITTED LIGHT
PROCESS
fraudulent document is placed
above the genuine document
ADDITION VS
SUBTRACTION
Distinguish?
ALTERATION BY
CANCELLATION
Usually found in a wills, deeds or contracts to
eliminate word, name, matter or condition to the
stipulation.
SPURIOUS
SIGNATURE
" written by somebody who did not attempt to
imitate the signa- ture of a person, but who uses a
fictitious name and tries to give his work the
appear- ance of that we call "a signature."
ALTERATION
"Any changes in writing "
INTERLINEATION
/ INSERTION
"Addition in writing"
DECIPHERMENT
"The process of making out
what is illegible or what has
been affected."
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
LINE QUALITY
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
ALIGNMENT
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
WRITING
CHARACTERISTICS
PEN PRESSURE
INDIVIDUAL
CHARACTERISTICS
They are characteristics which are the
result of the writer's muscular control,
coordination, age, health, and nervous
temperament, frequency of writing,
personality and character.
AN INVESTMENT IN
KNOWLEDGE PAYS
THE BEST INTEREST
Benjamin Franklin
THANK
YOU!
