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West Philippines Institute of Tourism Science and Technology Inc.

National Rd., Brgy. Townsite, Limay, Bataan

AN EXPLANATORY MIXED METHODS STUDY

ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DISTANCE LEARNING SET UP

ON SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

A Research Project
Presented to the Faculty of
West Philippines Institute

By:
Amistoso, Glezy Rose D.
Desaliza, Jazmin Grace
Fernandez, Eidrian D.
Retuta, Marielle E.

MARCH 2022
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
Introduction 3
Statement of the Problem 6
Hypothesis 6
Scope and Limitations 7
Significance of the Study 7
CHAPTER 2
Reviews of Related Literature 8
Reviews of Related Studies 11
Theoretical Framework 13
Conceptual Framework 14
CHAPTER 3
Research Design 15
Research Locale 16
Instruments Used in the Study 16
Respondents of the Study 16
Data Gathering Procedures 17
Data Analysis Procedures 17
CHAPTER 4
Profile of the Respondents 18
Efficiency of Distance Learning Setup to Students 19
Effectiveness of Distance Learning Setup 21
Challenges and Coping Mechanism in Distance Learning 24
CHAPTER 5
Summary of Findings 29
Conclusions 30
Recommendations31
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 32
REFERENCES 33
APPENDICES 34
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CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Background

Chapter 1 discusses the background of the study and the underlying problem by which

the study focuses. The research aims to provide the evaluation and analysis of the

effectiveness of Distance Learning set up of Senior High School students from West

Philippines Institute of Tourism, Science, and Technology. To be specific, this will determine

the learning habits and routines of Seniors High School students. Moreover, to test the

effectiveness of distance learning. In addition this study will analyze the significant

efficiency level of the distance learning set up on the overall academic performance of the

learners.

Introduction

The entrance of the SARS-Cov 2 or COVID 19 pandemic brought huge changes in

the system of education in the Philippines. The traditional face-to-face classes came into halt

as the virus can be spread through physical contacts of students in crowded places of

educational institutions. The educational agencies in the Philippines implemented an

alternative method of learning to sustain education. This is when distance learning was

implemented which changes the way students learn. A lot of claims from the students

themselves that distance learning is not as student-friendly to all compared to the pre-

pandemic educational set up.

Distance learning is a type of education that does not need physical interaction

between the learner and the teacher. It implies that the pupil and the teacher are physically

separated. Distance learning is used at a school for a variety of reasons. Individuals have been

using this form of learning even before the epidemic for a variety of reasons, such as working
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people who have enrolled in an extra degree or a master's degree and need to study online. In

the Philippines, private schools are the most popular providers of this sort of education

(MoneyGuru Philippines Corporation, 2020).

In order to be effective for all students, distant learning is separated into three

categories: online classes, remote or mixed mode, and offline, or modular classes. Online

class is a sort of remote learning that takes place entirely over the internet and allows students

to track their academic progress on the school's website. The other type of learning is

modular learning, which allows students to educate themselves using printed modules

including various classes and exercises. Fortunately, students who are unable to purchase

working resources for online classes can use this learning option. Remote or blended

learning, on the other hand, is a learning style that incorporates the benefits of both learning

modes (Online Class and Modular Classes). It provides for the use of electronic devices while

also allowing for the use of printed modules or a soft copy of a file containing the modules,

as well as student assessments (Berg, 2020).

The Department of Education has produced a collection of contextualization SLMs

(Self-Learning Materials) that will be disseminated throughout the country to students from

both coastal and remote places. The department's primary priority is the teachers' and non-

teaching personalities' health and safety, thus they permitted them to work from home. In the

event that attending to school is unavoidable, health measures must be properly followed.

SLMs and other pleasant knockout delivery modes, according to DepEd Secretary Leonor

Briones, are able to discuss the outcomes, situations, and practices of each student and cover

all institutions, guaranteeing that primary education is prepared amid the current tragedy of

COVID-19 (Department of Education, 2020).

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Hence, the effectiveness of this learning set up remains controversial as many

students cannot cope up properly due to different reasons. Distance learning comes with

several advantage and disadvantages. Students can utilize a computer and an internet

connection to seek and complete their selected courses through distant learning programs.

Students don't have to spend money or time commuting to and from class because distance

learning takes place online. Students can learn from the comfort of their own homes and

complete assignments. The majority of distance learning schools use online video

conferencing to give lectures and tutorials. This eliminates the need for pupils to remain in

the classroom. When compared to brick-and-mortar colleges, the cost of online-based

education programs is often lower. Returning to the classroom is a daunting prospect for the

majority of working-class pupils. A self-disciplined and determined student can study alone

(Abraham, 2020).

On the other side, distance learning also possesses different disadvantages. According

to Grabowska (2021), distance learning restricts students to online-based programs and

learning resources. Students can communicate via chat rooms, discussion boards, emails,

and/or video conferencing software, but the experience is not comparable to that of a regular

campus. Those participating in an online program may find it difficult to keep track of their

course work and assignments due to the lack of face-to-face connection with professors and

other students. Because there aren't any continual reminders about pending work and/or

deadlines, this is the case. Any student interested in enrolling in a distance learning program

will need to purchase a computer, a camera, and a reliable internet connection. Because

training is done through the internet, there is no physical interaction between students and

teachers.

Hence it is important to assess the effectiveness of the distance learning set up of the

Senior High School students. This is due to the possible influences of distance learning to
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their holistic intellectual development, comprehension, and understanding. Most especially, it

could affect their academic performance.

Statement of the Problem

This study sought to provide a necessary details about the assessment of the

effectiveness of distance learning of the Senior High School Students. Specifically, using a

Factor-Relating researchable questions, the research aims to answer the following questions:

1. How can be the learning habits of Senior High School students during distance

learning be described in terms of:

a. Time management

b. Speed of turning over the required outputs

c. Equipment usage

d. Class participation

2. How can the effectiveness of distance learning set up of Senior High School

students be described in terms of:

a. Comprehension quality

b. Speed of learning

c. Convenience

d. Retention of knowledge

3. What challenge/s have the students encountered in distance learning?

4. Is there an existing significant effectiveness on the Distance Learning set up on

Senior High School student?

Hypothesis
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Ho: There will be no significant effectiveness on the Distance Learning set up on

Senior High School student.

Scope and Limitations

This study will only cover the analysis of the study routines of Senior High School

students during distance learning set up and the assessment of the learning mode’s

effectiveness to students. Moreover, the individuals who will participate in this study will

come from the West Philippines Institute of Tourism, Science, and Technology coming from

any gender, age, and strand. Furthermore, this research will only use 20 individuals who will

be randomly chosen to participate in this study.

Significance of the Study

This research will provide information about how effective distance learning set up is

on the academic performance of Senior High School students from West Philippines Institute

of Tourism, Science, and Technology. Moreover, this study will serve benefits to the

following individuals:

Students. This new educational standard may have a variety of consequences for kids. This

research will assist students in notifying authorities about the impacts of the new normal in

education on their learning capacity, as well as gaining knowledge about how to handle and

adjust to the new normal manner of learning. Hence, they will be able to have self-reflection

on which mode of learning is more effective for them.

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Parents. Through this research they will have ideas on how to aid and help their children

adjust their study habits to distance learning set up and help them find ways to make it work

better.

Teachers. They will have an idea on how effective their teaching methodologies during

distance learning set up. This will lead them to find improvements on their teaching

techniques and know what could they integrate from distance learning to the normal

classroom set up even after pandemic.

School Department. This research will also benefit the school department by giving

information on the perspectives of their students on the benefits and drawbacks of distant

learning. It will also assist students in applying adaptive methods of obtaining effective

education despite the challenges they experience in this situation.

Future Researchers. Future researchers will benefit in this research by serving as their

references regarding gathering data that can help them in being more knowledgeable about

the effectiveness of distance learning set up on the academic performance of students.

CHAPTER 2

Reviews of Related Literature

This chapter presents the reviews of published literatures which are related to this

study. The literatures are from various researches of other researchers. It contains information

about the effectiveness of distance learning set up especially during pandemic.

Review of Related Literature

DISTANCE LEARNING
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When a student does not physically attend school to learn his or her lessons, he or she

is said to be engaged in distance learning. This is accomplished through the usage of e-mails

and other electronic devices. Although the professors and pupils are physically separated,

they communicate via email and other forms of conference technology (ViewSonic, 2020).

Distance learning was first only accessible via email, but due to the growing demand for the

internet, it has quickly become available through your computer screens with the aid of

various communication tools such as video conferencing apps and multi-media learning tools

(Brown, 2017). Nowadays, there are a plethora of options for delivering distant education.

This is accomplished through the use of television, radio, computers, cellphones, and the

internet (Hannay, 2011). As a result, distance learning makes use of technology to give

instruction even when the student and the instructor are separated by a great distance.

Furthermore, distance learning does not necessitate a location that is identical to a

traditional classroom; rather, it requires a location where students feel comfortable studying

(Nieven, 2020). Distance learning was used in the application throughout the present

epidemic. Before making this decision, the Department of Education considers the challenges

that may arise throughout the learning process, which is why remote learning is separated

into three modes: online classes, blended learning, and modular learning (Magsambol, 2020).

By giving online and offline access to the modules provided by the institutions, these three

learning modes eliminate the incidence of issues during distant learning

The Department of Education will implement modular learning, which will combine

several remote learning modalities such as printed modules and offline multimedia modules.

Distance learning is an alternative to conventional education for students who like to study in

a traditional manner. Students are required to participate in a variety of activities, debates,

and performance tasks. As a result, distance learning is the most cost-effective option.

Modularization is the process of breaking down a curriculum into small discrete modules or
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units that are self-contained, non-sequential, and often brief (Che, 2019). The students are

required to participate in a variety of activities, debates, and performance tasks (Jim, 2020).

ADVANTAGES OF DISTANCE LEARNING

More research has shown that distance learning is a viable alternative to regular

classrooms. Distance education, according to Simonson (2011), is just as effective as face-to-

face education. Students will find distance education to be far more pleasant than a traditional

classroom setting. When compared to face-to-face interactions, it can also boost and have a

stronger intrinsic drive (Simonson, 2011).

However, it will be beneficial if distance education provided the design is good.

Blended or "Mixed Education" methods are favoured nowadays to deliver the benefits of

face-to-face education inside the remote education model (Balaban, 2012). According to

Babson Survey Research Group's 2013 Survey of Online Learning, more over 7.1 million

advanced education students attended at least one online course, accounting for nearly 33%

of all advanced education students. Between the autumn 2012 and fall 2013 semesters, the

number of students enrolled in online courses increased by roughly 411,000. The reactions of

2,800 academic pioneers were collected, and many of the members believe that in five years,

the vast majority of advanced students will be taking at least one online course (Babson,

2014).

Furthermore, distance learning allows students to learn at their own pace. It

undoubtedly helps pupils to study utilizing their own learning strategies, according to Cowan

(2016). This enables children feel more at ease when learning, especially at home, where

professors and counselors will not terrify them with their responsibilities. Students may

manage their schedules and complete their responsibilities more easily with distance learning.

When it comes to time management, it makes them strategic (Cowan, 2016). As a result,
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students benefit from remote learning since it is simpler for them to enroll in their selected

institutions and learn the manner they want in a relaxed environment.

DISADVANTAGES OF DISTANCE LEARNING

A lack of physical connection in the educational process can lead to a variety of

issues, including a high level of anger and loneliness (Dyrud, 2000). Distance education,

according to Brown (2017), who got the notion of studying in a brick-and-mortar college,

allows students to meet and connect with individuals from all over the world on a personal

level. Distance education is not a good idea if you are likely to be late and unable to meet

deadlines. There are several technical requirements for complete cooperation within the

virtual homeroom. Separation learning necessitates the use of a computer and Internet. It

need excellent specialist equipment, but not everyone who needs to study has a PC or the

financial means to pay for one. (2018, Zimiya).

With no one present to provide eye to eye contact, the chances of becoming

sidetracked and forgetting cutoff times are considerable. Students who do not have enough

order to complete needed activities without the educator's capacity to lead and oversee them

on a regular basis must be taught the staggering ability. Also, on the off chance that you have

any doubts, you must resolve them without the help of your educator or friends, as you will

not be able to talk with friends and other classmates as you would in a regular school course

(Nagrale, 2013).

Review of Related Studies

DISTANCE LEARNING AS A CONTEXT

Different studies provided different grounds and revelation about distance learning

and its context. According to the study of Traxler (2018), distance learning is necessary and

valuable in many ways, but the topic of challenges and future trends in distance learning
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provides an opportunity to explore the role of distance learning in a larger world where

cultures and ideologies clash, where education and employment are no longer stable and

secure, where universities and colleges are under unprecedented pressures, where educational

technology technologies and trends represent a crowded and chaotic space, and where a

critical examination of distance learning is required. The combination of distance learning

and new computer technology has brought several benefits to the area of education. In

practice, however, the combination frequently falls short of its objectives. Some of the flaws

are attributable to technological issues; others are related to management, educational

techniques, or students. Despite the issues, many consumers prefer technology like

compressed video and anticipate further growth in the field (Valentine, 2017).

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DISTANCE LEARNING

While, Amani (2014) revealed that the flexibility and convenience for the student, as

well as the ease of communication between the learner and the teacher, are all advantages of

e-learning. Video interaction allows users to control visual and audio learners, which can be

paused and reversed for replay viewing. Distance learning and flexible learning are logical

fits for e-learning, but it may also be utilized in conjunction with face-to-face instruction. It is

a type of electronic technology that is used to provide, assist, and improve teaching and

learning. According to Jossen et al. (2021), Distance learning environments are known for

their flexibility, and they allow students to better manage their study schedules than

traditional learning environments. Studying at the appropriate time of day (compatible with

one's own chronotype) has a positive influence on academic achievement in online learning.

This conclusion is intriguing and may highlight a feature that is often overlooked when

evaluating learning-promoting behaviors. It also allows students to escape the asynchrony

problem in terms of learning periods, allowing them to learn when they are at their best.
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However, it was contradicted by Galusha (2020) as the researcher found out that such

lack of motivation due to a lack of face-to-face interaction with lecturers and peers, possibly

exorbitant startup fees, and a lack of faculty support. A literature review found that learners

in distance education are more likely to have insecurities about the following: learning, self-

evaluation issues, a lack of support services such as tutors and technical assistance, feelings

of isolation, and inexperience with this mode of learning, all of which lead to academic

problems. Faculty hurdles to distant learning include a lack of course creation and

technological skills, a lack of distance learning support, and insufficient faculty selection for

distance learning courses. Infrastructure, lack of technology, course curriculum, and student

evaluation are all examples of organizational impediments.

Theoretical Framework

This study is associated with the Theory of Equivalent Distance Education that was

formulated by Simonson (2015). Simonson has offered a theoretical framework around which

the growing area of distant education might be centered. If distant learning is to be

successful, Simonson believes that the learning must be comparable to learning in a

traditional context (Simonson et all, 2015). Individuals' learning will always differ, whether

they are physically sitting next to one other or conversing entirely over the internet, since

everyone integrates new information into their existing schema in a different way.

Simonson's primary thesis is that if the learning experiences are equal rather than identical,

which is impossible for unique persons, a student should be able to move from a distant

learning course to a traditional course with little to no knowledge loss.

Moreover, the distance education must be developed in such a way that the learning

experience is comparable to that of a regular course. A remote learning course for an

elementary kid, for example, should be constructed differently from the traditional version,
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taking into account the child's mental development level and technical skills. Design the

courses wisely such that the learning effect is the same whether they are delivered via

distance or traditional methods.

While, another theory related to this study is Michael Moore’s Theory of independent

learning in 1996. The two-way communication between the two geographically separated

parties and how responsive the program is to the learner's specific requirements are the two

aspects of this idea. In that they both agree that the teaching technique should be customized

to the requirements of the student, Simonson's equivalency theory is comparable to the

second component of Moore's theory. To suit the goals of the student and achieve equal

learning results, a distance course will need to be designed differently than a regular

classroom. In a classroom, students and instructors interact often, but in a remote learning

course, students must exercise greater autonomy. This implies that for equivalency learning,

the distance course must be developed with this factor in mind.

As Moore and Simonson proposed, if remote learning is skillfully planned employing

a number of similar teaching methodologies, learning results may be tailored as students go

through the course on their own, optimizing learning outcomes. Though the ideas appear to

be at odds at first, they are in line with the concept that distant learning might be the key to

unlocking the potential of the idealized personalized learning experience.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

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1. Usual learning Survey/Questionnaire Overall effectiveness of

distance learning set up
habits of Senior
on senior high school
High School
students.
Students in distance
learning set up.
2. Student’s
perception towards
distance learning
set up’s
effectiveness.
3. Challenges that
students face in
distance learning
set up.

CHAPTER 3

Methodologies

This part includes the methodologies used in this study. This chapter includes the

research designs, research locale, samples of the study, and the procedures in gathering data

and analyzing them. All the steps written below were followed in order to come up with the

substantial result of this study.

Research Design

This research study will use the Convergent Parallel research design in order to come

up with an accurate findings of the study. Convergent parallel research design is a style in

mixed method research which separately analyzes the quantitative and qualitative aspects of

the research. Hence, both analysis are expected to be completed in terms of its surrounding

contexts. The goal of a convergent (or parallel or contemporaneous) mixed methods design is
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to gather both quantitative and qualitative data at the same time, integrate the data, and utilize

the results to comprehend a research topic. The primary logic behind this approach is that one

data collection type provides strengths to compensate for the flaws of the other form, and that

gathering both quantitative and qualitative data results in a more complete knowledge of a

study subject (Kriukow, 2019).

Moreover, as a general approach, this research will use the mixed method approach in

research. In order to address research issues, mixed methods research systematically

integrates quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Quantitative researchers have a

postpositivist viewpoint and are primarily concerned with gathering and interpreting

numerical data using organized methodologies. Qualitative researchers have a more

constructivist perspective and are more interested in gathering and interpreting narrative

material using open-ended (holistic) approaches. Mixed-methods researchers are pragmatic in

that they collect both narrative and numerical data, use both structured and emergent designs,

analyze their data using both statistical and content analysis, and make meta-inferences as

answers to their research questions by integrating the findings from their qualitative and

quantitative findings (Tashakkori & Newman, 2010).

Research Locale

To avoid the transmission of the SARS-Cov2 virus, this research will be done in the

homes of the researchers and respondents from West Philippines Institute of Tourism,

Science, and Technology in Limay, Bataan, in accordance with health procedures. While the

distribution of the questionnaire and gathering of replies will take place online.

Instruments Used in the Study

This research will propagate sets of self-created and adopted surveys. The questions

will be accompanied with organized Likert Scale replies. The survey will focus on the effects
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of social isolation during the pandemic on students' social health, as well as the benefits and

limits they have faced while socially isolated that affect their social life. Furthermore, this

questionnaire will be displayed using Google Forms and sent to research participants using

Facebook Messenger.

Respondents of the Study

The sample size will be determined by the researchers using the Slovin's Formula and

Simple Random Sampling to choose the students who will participate in this study. Twenty

(20) students from the West Philippines Institute of Tourism, Science, and Technology will

participate in the research. These respondents will provide critical information about the

effectiveness of distant learning as an educational tool throughout the epidemic. Furthermore,

the questionnaire will help students by allowing them to examine and appraise their

experiences with the distance learning setup, as well as determine their strengths and

weaknesses. As a result, it will aid students in strengthening their study habits.

Data Gathering Procedure

This research project will go through various phases to collect relevant data. The

researchers will seek the advice of their research adviser on the questionnaires that will be

sent to respondents. After the researchers have finished the first three chapters of this study,

the target respondents will be issued a request letter seeking permission to undertake the

survey. The researchers were in charge of delivering, disseminating, and collecting the

questionnaire after the respondents agreed. The survey operations, including dissemination

and response collection, will take place entirely online at the West Philippines Institute of

Tourism, Science, and Technology students’ various locations.

Data Analysis Procedure

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On the initial part of the data analysis process, the Descriptive Statistics will be used

in order to analyze the quantitative data which are collected in this study. Descriptive

statistics are concise descriptive coefficients that describe a particular data set, which might

represent the complete population or a sample of a population. Measures of central tendency

and measures of variability are two types of descriptive statistics (spread). The mean, median,

and mode are examples of measurements of central tendency, whereas standard deviation,

variance, minimum and maximum variables, kurtosis, and skewness are examples of

measures of variability (Hayes, 2022).

Furthermore, in order to assess the qualitative data gathered from the respondents,

Content Analysis will be used. Content analysis is a research technique used to assess the

existence of specific words, topics, or concepts in qualitative data (i.e. text). Researchers can

use content analysis to measure and evaluate the existence, meanings, and correlations of

certain words, themes, or concepts. For example, academics can examine the wording used in

a news story to look for prejudice or partiality. Researchers can then draw conclusions about

the meanings in the texts, the writer(s), the audience, and even the culture and historical

period in which the work was written (Nicolas, 2021).

CHAPTER 4

Results and Discussion

This chapter demonstrates the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data

obtained. These findings are considered the research's findings, as they were obtained from

respondents. This study employed a total of 30 students from the Senior High School

department of the West Philippines Institute of Tourism, Science, and Technology as

respondents. As a result, the findings are presented in tabular form.

I. Profile of the Respondents

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Table 1. Strand of Senior High School Students

Strand Frequency
Accountancy, Business, and 5
Management
Science, Technology, Engineering, and 7
Mathematics
Humanities and Social Sciences 11
Technical, Vocational, and Livelihood 6
General Academic Strand 1
TOTAL 30

The first table presents the strand of the Senior High School respondents. Among the

total of thirty (30) respondents from West Philippines Institute of Tourism, Science, and

Technology, five (5) belong to the Accountancy, Business, and Management strand. Seven

(7) were from Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics strand. Humanities and

Social Sciences have eleven (11) respondents. Sex (6) respondents were from Technical,

Vocational, and Livelihood strand. Furthermore, only one (1) respondent belongs to General

Academic Strand.

Table 2. Mode of Distance Learning Set Up

Learning Mode Frequency

Online/Synchronous Learning 10

Blended Learning 8

Modular/Asynchronous Learning 12

TOTAL 30

Table 2 shows the mode of distance learning taken by the respondents. Ten (10) of

them were utilizing Online/Synchronous Learning. Blended Learning was used by eight (8)

respondents. Modular/Asynchronous Learning was utilized by twelve (12) respondents.

Overall, there are thirty (30) respondents who answered this section.
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The data shows that Modular/Asynchronous Learning was the most used set up in

distance learning. This might be due to the convenience that modular distance learning is

providing to the learners. Modular learning requires only few to no technical skills at all

which make it easier and cheaper to access for leaners.

For a variety of reasons, module learning is successful and useful to pupils. For

starters, it allows students to plan ahead since they will know exactly what topics will be

addressed in each module, rather than guessing what will be taught next. It also enables

students to completely absorb and comprehend what they are learning because the various

modules do not have to be linked, making it easier for pupils to digest material in segments

(Atha, 2021).

II. Efficiency of Distance Learning Set Up to Students

Table 3. Learning Habits of SHS Students on Distance Learning

Mean Standard Verbal

Deviation Description

I can submit my tasks 3.53 1.16 Agree

on time while on
distance learning.
I organize the tasks 3.56 1.13 Agree
that I need to do
based on the deadline
in distance learning.
I have a definite 3.56 1.16 Agree
schedule for all the
tasks I need to do in
distance learning.
I use my mobile 4.09 1.05 Agree
phone’s access to
internet to
comprehend complex
lessons in distance
learning.
I freely use my 4.23 1.28 Strongly Agree
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electronic gadgets to
review and study
lessons.
TOTAL 3.79 1.16 Agree
Legend: Strongly Agree – 4.21 to 5.00; Agree – 3.41 to 4.20; Neutral – 2.61 to 3.40; Disagree – 1.81 to 2.60; and

Strongly Disagree – 1.00 to 1.80.

The third (3rd) table depicts the habits of Senior High School students during distance

learning. Among the indicators, the freedom and capability of the learners to use their

electronic gadgets to review and study lessons on distance learning set up got the highest

weighted mean of 4.23 which is verbally interpreted as “Strongly Agree”. While, submission

of tasks on time got the lowest weighted mean of 3.53 indicating that the respondents are

strongly affirming to the statement. Generally, the students have positive feedback on

Distance Learning set up as it has a computed composite mean of 3.79 with a low standard

deviation of 1.16 which is verbally interpreted as “Agree”.

The results indicates that the students have high consumption of electronic devices

usage as part of their learning progress. This shows that digital learning is in-demand on this

set up as it serves several benefits to students as part of their learning process. Hence,

students maximize their resources to conform in this set up. In fact, according to Visnji

(2020), digital devices are vital for today's learners. They spare students from having to carry

hundreds of books in their backpacks and make life easier. Digital devices have a tremendous

impact on educational outcomes. Gadgets are useful tools for students of all grades and

disciplines. Digital devices shorten the learning and understanding processes. The

adaptability of digital gadgets allows each student to tailor them to their own needs. Using

gadgets can help you save a lot of time in the classroom.

However, there are difficulties in turning over the outputs of the students on the set

deadline. This is due to the conflict of schedules that students and teachers might have

confusion or unawareness but it could be amended by developing an effective scheduling.

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Another factor that contribute to late submissions could be distraction and lack of discipline

in studying. Moreover, tasks being overlooked might also be a reason behind having late

submissions. Furthermore, late submissions of outputs is

To support this, Mitra (2013) stated that there are several reasons behind students’ late

turnover of assigned work. Unforeseen events is the most common reason for submitting

assignments late. There could be some personal constraints like an illness, an accident, lack

of concentration or prior commitments. Inadequate knowledge about the assignment

(questions and/or solutions) is another cause assuming one understands what is asked,

answering might take more time due to confusion about the scope and relevance.

Procrastination could also hinder the students from submitting late as they have more time to

spend on their own during distance learning making them slip off their priorities.

Table 4. Effectiveness of distance Learning Setup

Mean Standard Verbal

Deviation Description

I developed better 3.50 1.02 Effective

comprehension in DL
set up.
I can learn faster in 3.59 0.91 Effective
distance learning.
DL set up is 3.50 1.14 Effective
comfortable for me in
studying.
I learned how to study 3.72 1.13 Effective
effectively with
independence.
I remember the lessons 3.00 1.20 Neutral
I learned even after a
long time.
TOTAL 3.46 1.08 Effective
Legend: Very Effective – 4.21 to 5.00; Effective – 3.41 to 4.20; Neutral – 2.61 to 3.40; Ineffective – 1.81 to 2.60;

and Very ineffective – 1.00 to 1.80.

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Table 4 presents the numerical data collected to assess the effectiveness of distance

learning setup. This section have an overall composite mean of 3.46 with a standard deviation

of 1.08 indicates that distance learning setup is effective in ameliorating and continuing

education amidst pandemic. To be more specific, a weighted average of 3.72 was recorded as

the highest mean among indicators which assumes that distance learning is “Effective” in

students’ independent learning. On the other side, a neutral description was computed in

terms of remembering the lessons learned for a quite while having 3.00 as its weighted mean.

These indicates that distance learning is effective in altering the education system in

times of health crisis. Hence, students learned to explore their study routines on their own as

they are more on self-study than collaborating with peers. Therefore, the best choice for them

is to discover the learning technique that is appropriate for their style. In this case, learners

are able to assess their strengths and weaknesses in studying. In fact, Edthena (2020) found

out that, having control over the learning environment decreases distractions during studying.

Because children are given the opportunity to work individually, the likelihood of frequent

disruptions from their peers is nearly eliminated. Students can concentrate on their academics

without being distracted by their peers' outbursts. Moreover, independent learning on distance

education setup is an important ability for kids to cultivate since it fosters creativity and

intellectual curiosity.

However, the results also indicates inconstant knowledge retention among students

making them forget some of the lessons after a period of time. This is because, in distance

learning students are tend to be more focused on complying to the requirements than

understanding the lesson at all. This is the reason why they seem to learn it at first and forget

it after they don’t have to use it anymore. However, if the lesson is highly valuable to daily

life, it has more chance of being remembered for a long time.

 24

Among the complaints and challenge of distance learning is balancing the time to

learn and to test their knowledge. However, unseen workloads of students by the professors

might cause them to have a hard time on scheduling those making them shift from holistic

learning to just scanning the material then answer it right away. Having this repeating cycle

could actually lead to artificial knowledge which could be forgotten after a while. But there is

an exemption for lessons which are constantly noticeable and unintentionally being

remembered by students such as remembering traffic signage which are being exposed to

learners for almost every day of their lives. (Baker, 2021).

III. Challenges and Coping Mechanism during Distance Learning

Table 5. Challenges of Students on Distance Learning Setup

Question:

1. What are the challenges you have encountered in distance learning?

Responses (Key Themes):

 Lack of guidance from mentors

 Slow internet connection

 Distractions

 Time Management

 Less access to electronic gadgets

 25

Table 5 shows the key themes of responses of the students in terms of the challenges

that they encountered during distance learning. The common responses of students includes

the lack of guidance from mentors, poor internet connection, distractions, time management

difficulties, accessibility to electronic gadgets, and procrastination.

These results indicates that distance learning have issues in terms of its technical

requirements which hinders the ability of students to learn the lessons easily. This is due to

the fact that distance learning requires internet connectivity and gadgets with access to

communication in order for them to receive and submit modules and outputs from their

mentors. This is quite costly as the materials and equipment requires financial support.

Moreover, the slow internet speed in the Philippines is quite a big challenge to the students.

This is the main problem commonly in online/synchronous learning.

In fact, teachers criticize the challenges brought on by distance learning, which has

prompted some students to drop out, observing that some students either abruptly stopped

attending lessons or did not show up for online lectures at all. One of the main reasons,

according to one instructor, was the inability to conveniently use gadgets as well as the

inconsistent internet connection. Students are obviously struggling to acclimatize to remote

learning. I, for one, am struggling. The biggest issues here are internet access, electronics,

and student stress. Many kids have not turned up since the start of the school year. Some

pupils are unable to complete online coursework (Cabrera, 2020).

Aside from that it is also hard for students to endure independent learning as they

don’t have enough guidance from mentors leading to confusion of ideas. This a very

challenging part on a general distance education. In online classes, despite the ability to

communicate with teachers, the students have limited time to discuss their queries to their

teacher as after class, it is difficult to approach their teacher due to schedules.

 26

To prove this, a study of Guisinger (2020) found out that majority of distance learners

have less time to communicate with teachers is a big challenge to students. It is hard for

students to properly interpret certain competencies without the teachers’ guidance. There

were several competencies that were quite tough to grasp. But they don't have a choice;

they're already in this scenario, so they provide extra activities to kids and occasionally alter

textbooks into easier words.

Moreover, it is also a challenge for students to manage their time. In distance

learning, students are the ones who control their time in studying. However, not every

students have the same responsibilities at home. Each responsibility given upon them is time-

consuming which sometimes intersect with their school responsibilities. This could be

connected to distractions and procrastination as well. Distraction is a mere problem in

distance learning as students tend to divert their attention to other things such as using their

mobile phones for non-academic purposes. Moreover, it leads to procrastination.

In distance learning, a lack of a schedule can contribute to poor time management.

When students enroll in face-to-face lessons, the instructor establishes a regular timetable.

Online learners may be enticed by distractions because they utilize computers and the

Internet to participate in online learning. Setting aside breaks in between periods of work is

one way students may battle these distractions (Sellers, 2020).

Table 6. Motions Undertaken by the Students to Surpass the Challenge of

Distance Learning.

Question:

How did you manage to pass through those challenges?

Responses (Key Themes):

 Maximizing Resources
 Effective Time Scheduling
 Discipline
 27

 Virtual Collaborative Learning

 Developing appropriate learning style
Table 6 depicts the solutions of the students in order for them to conquer the

challenges of distance learning. These includes maximizing their available resources,

developing effective time scheduling of tasks, discipline on their selves, collaborating

virtually with other learners, and discovering the most appropriate learning style for them.

Based on the result, it seems like maximizing the available resources of learners is

vital for their survival in distance learning. Distance learning might cost a lot but through

alternative materials, the learners could still effectively engage to it. When the Wi-Fi have

unstable connection, students turns to prepaid loading which, for them, is flexible to use in

distance education. Moreover, since they have less access to books in this type of education,

they find other sources on the internet.

According to Flora (2020), maximizing resources is very essential in distance learning

as students only have limited resources at home which they could use in distance education.

Therefore, in order for them to combat the problem on scarcity of materials to use in

schooling, they have to find alternative equipment in their place which could aid them in

engaging to the requirements of distance education.

In addition, development of an effective time scheduling and learning style goes

hand-in-hand as they both have the same importance and context in distance learning. Part of

developing a good learning style which effectively help the students to authentically learn the

competencies also requires them to create a comfortable and responsible time table. This will

lead them to have balance, effective, and genuine learning progress.

Since students have more time to discover their self-study techniques and styles, it is

very significant for them to learn the effective technique to use in distance learning based on

their learning style which could be either visual, auditory, or kinesthetic learning. It's
 28

necessary to keep in mind that everyone learns in their own unique way. Parents frequently

make the mistake of believing that their child learns in the same way that they do. Although

many people learn effectively through aural means, children usually require visual and tactile

approaches. As a result, they are beneficial in functional autonomous learning since no one is

teaching the youngster how to study (Jackson, 2021).

Discipline, on the other hand, is also used by students to conquer the challenges. It is

very known that discipline is vital in learning especially if it is incorporated to education. It

guides the students to comply properly with the standards of distance learning. Hence, it is

very functional in order for students to successfully survive and ace distance education as

accompanied by responsible and desirable attributes.

Students must maintain discipline in order to succeed in online education. Otherwise,

the benefits of e-learning will not be apparent. It is a fantastic talent that you should master at

some point in your life. It will be extremely beneficial to you throughout your academic and

professional careers. Many factors can divert pupils' attention. Furthermore, there is a

potential that something will not come to you spontaneously. You must devise techniques in

order to investigate the possibilities. Discipline is one such method. Many factors can divert

pupils' attention. Furthermore, there is a potential that something will not come to you

spontaneously. Students must devise tactics to investigate many options. Discipline is one

such method. They are more confident because they believe they have control over

themselves (Octopei, 2022).

Furthermore, if the students are not comfortable to self-studying, they ask their

classmates through online communication to study with them. This is a great tactic in

learning competencies as it uses not only one mind. Meaning to say, the chance of accurate

learning is higher.
 29

Collaborative group interactions foster social connection and a supportive eLearning

community, as well as active learning and shared information. Collaboration also

demonstrates how to collaborate with people in real-world settings. These collaborative

exercises prepare students for the 21st-century job by teaching them how to share ideas,

express opinions, and manage time. While the outcomes of collaborative activities are

generally beneficial, there are advantages and disadvantages to including these activities

within an eLearning course (Higley, 2018).

CHAPTER 5

Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

This chapter summarizes the results, conclusions, and suggestions. The following

information was derived from the survey's collected data. Before the researchers proceeded

with the following material, the data were analyzed and discussed.

Summary of Findings

The research study evaluates and assess the study habits and efficiency of distance

learning as well as the experiences of Senior High School students on distance learning setup.
 30

In terms of the study habits, the students affirmed to use their available electronic

resources during distance learning. However, they are having a bit of inconsistency in

submitting their outputs on time. Yet the findings still show that students are still able to

comply on their subjects properly through scheduling and organizing their tasks.

Moreover, in terms of the efficiency, students found distance learning effective in

teaching them to study more independently. However, there is still uncertainties on their

responses when asked if distance learning is effective in making them remember the lessons

for a long time.

The challenges were also assessed. The students responded that the common

challenges includes lack of guidance from mentors, slow internet connection, distractions,

time management, and lack of access to electronic devices which are necessary to make

distance learning effective for them.

In order to conquer challenges, the students said that they maximize their resources at

home, develop effective time schedules and learning styles, practice discipline, and enable

virtual collaborative learning to make distance learning setup functional for their education

needs in times of health crisis.

Conclusions

After analyzing the salient findings of the study, there are several conclusions drawn

by the researcher. Students develop their own study habits to supply their needs on distance

learning. In distance learning setup, students discovers and handle their time and manage it

the way it must be more effective for them. However, there is still a challenge in turning the

output over on the set date of deadlines. Students also use their electronic devices in order for

them to access e-learning courses and external sources of information for their distance
 31

education. Moreover, they remain active on learning discussions through their mobile

devices.

Distance learning was also found to be effective in terms of being an alternative to

traditional classroom setup during pandemic. Students’ independent learning was enhanced

which leads them to learn faster on their own. Students also find distance learning setup

effective in providing them comfort and convenience as they learn on their own phase.

However, there still difficulties in terms of making a long-term knowledge to students as they

tend to forget some parts of their competencies after a long period of time.

Furthermore, several challenges were faced by distance learners as they don’t have

enough guidance from their mentors which causes confusion and difficulty to comprehend

the lessons well especially on modular learning. They also encountered challenges on

managing their time due to various reasons which includes distractions from their

environment. There’s a quite challenge in having available electronic gadgets to sustain their

distance learning setup needs and uncontrolled issues such as poor internet connection.

Overall, the researchers concluded that there is a significant effectiveness of distance

learning setup during pandemic as an alternative educational methodology to support

students’ education.

Recommendations

After analyzing the results and arriving at conclusions, the following recommendation

are hereby drawn:

1. In order to avoid cramming, students should use products that will help them manage

their time properly, such as printed or digital planners. To avoid procrastination, set

aside time for social media when it is not required when studying.
 32

2. Students must be socialized to their primary group in order to receive the essential

psychological support. Guidance from instructors and parents or guardians is strongly

advised in interpreting the learning materials and information written in the module in

order to thoroughly understand the courses.

3. Electronic gadgets should be used in a way that prevents them from malfunctioning.

Learners should avoid screen exposure following class discussions to avoid visual

issues. The institution should hold a seminar on how parents and guardians should

lead their children while participating in distant learning, which should include

information on how to care for students' health in all aspects while this type of

learning is applied. Academic breaks are highly suggested and are required not only

by the school but also by the students on a regular basis.

4. Future researchers were advised to look for ways to improve the study's clarity and

breadth in order to give additional information.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like to give our deepest gratitude to our ALMIGHTY

FATHER for helping us to accomplish this study by giving us strength, knowledge, patience,

and guidance throughout this whole study.

Also, we would like to acknowledge those people who gave their time to contribute to

this study that we truly appreciate. The completion of this study could not be possible without

the assistance, support, and contribution of them.

 33

We would like to thank our consultant and mentor, Ms. Diane Pauline Gonzales,

who gave their time, knowledge, and support. Giving their full effort to guide our research

study and encourage us throughout this whole process.

To our school, West Philippines Institute of Tourism, Science, and Technology ,

for giving us support and permission to finish this research study.

Last but not least, to our friends, relatives and especially our family, who shows

never-ending support either financially or morally for us to complete this study.

References

Atha, B. (2021, May 4). What Are The Benefits Of Module Based Learning? Retrieved from The

Development Academy: [Link]

based-learning/

Baker, R. (2021). Studies of Distance Learning. Retrieved from IES WWC:

[Link]

Cabrera, T. (2020, December 22). Students face lack of gadgets, unstable connections in online

education. Retrieved from Maharlika TV: [Link]

of-gadgets-unstable-connections-in-online-education/
 34

Department of Education. (2020, July 2). DepEd Prepares Self-Learning Modules for Education's

New Normal. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from Department of Education:

[Link]

new-normal/

Hayes, A. (2022, March 4). Descriptive Statistics. Retrieved from Investopedia:

[Link]

Higley, M. (2018, January 27). Collaborative Online Learning Activities: What Does The Research

Say About Them? Retrieved from eLearning Industry:

[Link]

Jackson, A. (2021). Why Are Learning Styles Important? How Students Learn Differently. Retrieved

from Educational Connections: [Link]

important

Kriukow. (2019, May 7). Mixed methods research #2 – the convergent parallel design. Retrieved

from Qualitative Researcher: [Link]

convergent-parallel-design/

Nicolas, A. (2021, Novermber 5). Content Analysis. Retrieved from Research Prospect:

[Link]

Octopei. (2022, March 14). Why Is Discipline Important And How To Maintain It In Online

Learning? . Retrieved from Octopei: [Link]

how-to-maintain-it-in-online-learning/

Sellers, E. (2020). Poor Time Management in Online Learning. Retrieved from Seattle Pi:

[Link]

Tashakkori, A., & Newman, I. (2010). Mixed Methods. Retrieved from Science Direct:

[Link]
 35

Valentine, D. (2017, August). Distance Learning: Promises, Problems, and Possibilities. Retrieved

from Google Scholar: [Link]

[Link]

APPENDICES

Profile of the Respondents

GLEZY ROSE AMISTOSO

033 Kadyos St. (Seabreeze)

Limay,Bataan,Philippines

Email: gleami@[Link]

Contact No: 09123126859

Personal Status

Date of Birth: Dec,2001

Place of Birth: Brgy,Nipa, Daram Samar

 36

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Catholic

Height:5'6

Weigle:49

Father's Name: Ricky Molito Amistoso

Mother's Name: Norie Ogatcho Desoyo

Educational background

Current School: West Philippines Institute

Brgy, Townsite, Limnay, Bataan

Humanities and Social Science

Secondary: Saint Francis National Highschool Limay, Bataan

(2017-2020)

Primary: Saint Francis Elementary School

(Saay)Limay,Bataan

(2015-2016)

Affiliations: None

Seminars attended: None