Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering & Technology
Department of Computer Engineering
Experiment No.8
Data Visualization using Hive/PIG/R/Tableau/.
Date of Performance:
Date of Submission:
Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering & Technology
Department of Computer Engineering
Aim: Data Visualization using Hive/PIG/R/Tableau/.
Theory:
Data visualization is the technique used to deliver insights in data using visual cues such as
graphs, charts, maps, and many others. This is useful as it helps in intuitive and easy
understanding of the large quantities of data and thereby make better decisions regarding it.
Data Visualization in R Programming Language
The popular data visualization tools that are available are Tableau, Plotly, R, Google Charts,
Infogram, and Kibana. The various data visualization platforms have different capabilities,
functionality, and use cases. They also require a different skill set . This article discusses the
use of R for data visualization.
R is a language that is designed for statistical computing, graphical data analysis, and scientific
research. It is usually preferred for data visualization as it offers flexibility and minimum
required coding through its packages.
Consider the following airquality data set for visualization in R:
Ozone Solar R. Wind Temp Month Day
41 190 7.4 67 5 1
36 118 8.0 72 5 2
12 149 12.6 74 5 3
18 313 11.5 62 5 4
NA NA 14.3 56 5 5
28 NA 14.9 66 5 6
Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering & Technology
Department of Computer Engineering
1. Bar Plot
There are two types of bar plots- horizontal and vertical which represent data points as
horizontal or vertical bars of certain lengths proportional to the value of the data item. They are
generally used for continuous and categorical variable plotting. By setting the horiz parameter
to true and false, we can get horizontal and vertical bar plots respectively.
Example 1:
# Horizontal Bar Plot for
# Ozone concentration in air
barplot(airquality$Ozone,
main = 'Ozone Concenteration in air',
xlab = 'ozone levels', horiz = TRUE)
Output:
Example 2:
# Vertical Bar Plot for
# Ozone concentration in air
Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering & Technology
Department of Computer Engineering
barplot(airquality$Ozone, main = 'Ozone Concenteration in air',
xlab = 'ozone levels', col ='blue', horiz = FALSE)
2. Histogram
A histogram is like a bar chart as it uses bars of varying height to represent data distribution.
However, in a histogram values are grouped into consecutive intervals called bins. In a
Histogram, continuous values are grouped and displayed in these bins whose size can be
varied.
Example:
# Histogram for Maximum Daily Temperature
data(airquality)
hist(airquality$Temp, main ="La Guardia Airport's\
Maximum Temperature(Daily)",
xlab
="Temperature(Fahrenheit)",
xlim = c(50, 125), col ="yellow",
freq = TRUE)
Output:
Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering & Technology
Department of Computer Engineering
3. Box Plot
The statistical summary of the given data is presented graphically using a boxplot. A boxplot
depicts information like the minimum and maximum data point, the median value, first and
third quartile, and interquartile range.
Example:
# Box plot for average wind speed
data(airquality)
boxplot(airquality$Wind, main = "Average wind speed\
at La Guardia Airport",
xlab = "Miles per hour", ylab = "Wind",
col = "orange", border = "brown",
horizontal = TRUE, notch = TRUE)
Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering & Technology
Department of Computer Engineering
4. Scatter Plot
A scatter plot is composed of many points on a Cartesian plane. Each point denotes the value
taken by two parameters and helps us easily identify the relationship between them.
Example:.
# Scatter plot for Ozone Concentration per month
data(airquality)
plot(airquality$Ozone, airquality$Month,
main ="Scatterplot Example",
xlab ="Ozone Concentration in parts per billion",
ylab =" Month of observation ", pch = 19)
5. Heat Map
Heatmap is defined as a graphical representation of data using colors to visualize the value of
the matrix. heatmap() function is used to plot heatmap.
Syntax: heatmap(data)
Parameters: data: It represent matrix data, such as values of rows and columns
Return: This function draws a heatmap.
# Set seed for reproducibility
# [Link](110)
# Create example data
data <- matrix(rnorm(50, 0, 5), nrow = 5, ncol = 5)
Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering & Technology
Department of Computer Engineering
# Column names
colnames(data) <- paste0("col", 1:5)
rownames(data) <- paste0("row", 1:5)
# Draw a heatmap
heatmap(data)
6. Map visualization in R
Here we are using maps package to visualize and display geographical maps using an R
programming language.
# Read dataset and convert it into
# Dataframe
data <- [Link]("[Link]")
df <- [Link](data)
# Load the required libraries
library(maps)
map(database = "world")
# marking points on map
Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering & Technology
Department of Computer Engineering
points(x = df$lat[1:500], y = df$lng[1:500], col = "Red")[Link]("maps")
7. 3D Graphs in R
Here we will use preps() function, This function is used to create 3D surfaces in perspective
view. This function will draw perspective plots of a surface over the x–y plane.
Syntax: persp(x, y, z)
Parameter: This function accepts different parameters i.e. x, y and z where x and y are vectors
defining the location along x- and y-axis. z-axis will be the height of the surface in the matrix
z.
Return Value: persp() returns the viewing transformation matrix for projecting 3D
coordinates (x, y, z) into the 2D plane using homogeneous 4D coordinates (x, y, z, t).
# Adding Titles and Labeling Axes to Plot
cone <- function(x, y){
sqrt(x ^ 2 + y ^ 2)
# prepare variables.
x <- y <- seq(-1, 1, length = 30)
z <- outer(x, y, cone)
# plot the 3D surface
Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering & Technology
Department of Computer Engineering
# Adding Titles and Labeling Axes to Plot
persp(x, y, z,
main="Perspective Plot of a Cone",
zlab = "Height",
theta = 30, phi = 15,
col = "orange", shade = 0.4)
CONCLUSION:
The horizontal and vertical bar plots demonstrate how to visualize ozone concentration levels, while
the histogram showcases the distribution of maximum daily temperatures. The box plot summarizes
average wind speed data, and the scatter plot reveals relationships between ozone concentration and
observation months. A heatmap visually represents a matrix of random values, and a geographical
map marks specific locations using latitude and longitude coordinates. Finally, the 3D perspective
plot of a cone illustrates the height variation across a surface, highlighting the versatility of R in data
visualization across different formats.
