SWITCH
Switch is a network device that can connect multiple computers together in a network.
It is mainly used to send private messages as well as there is no loss of data.
It uses MAC addresses (addresses of medium access control sublayer) to send data packets to selected
destination ports.
It is supports unicast (one-to-one), multicast (one-to-many) and broadcast (one-to-all) communications.
Note: switch is more intelligent than HUB.
Advantage:
1. It is used to unicast the message.
2. It provides more security than HUB.
3. Switch support full duplex data transmission.
4. It is used to send the data packed based on MAC address.
5. It a node fails, there will be no effect in the entire network.
Disadvantage :
1. If switch device fails then entire network will fail.
2. It is more expensive
3. Difficult to setup.
ROUTER
A router is a layer 3 or network layer device.
Router is a network device which works as a traffic controller. The main work of router is to choose a
congestion free path through which the data packet will travel.
Router receives the data packet from sender, it analyses the data and then forward the data packet to the
destination.
A router can be used both in LANs (Local Area Networks) and WANs (Wide Area Networks).
Advantage:
1. Provides connection between two similar/ different types of network.
2. data transmission rate is high
3. it uses algorithm to find congestion free path.
4. it used both wired and wireless connection.
Disadvantage:
1. Router is more expensive, compared to other network devices.
2. Routers are complex to maintain.
3. Security issues.
4. It only work with routable protocol.
REPEATER
repeater is a network device through which we can boost our weak signal.
When the signal travels in the network ,after travelling some distance the intensity of the signal
becomes low.
In order to regenerate the weak signal we should use repeater device.
Its used in both wired and wireless communication
Advantages:
1. it is used to regenerate the weak signals.
2. it is cheaper than other network devices.
3. Repeater has the ability to extend the size of signals.
4. Increases or maintains the signal performance.
Disadvantages:
[Link] required no. Of repeater after some distance.
2. Repeaters also unable to connect disimilair type of data .
3. They cant reduce network traffic.
It is a network device that is used to separate LAN into number of section.
Note: It operates both physical as well in data link layer of OSI model.
Advantages:
[Link] using bridge device we can extend the network.
2. It broadcast the data to each node like hub and repeaters.
[Link] can be reduced.
4. It is more intelligent.
Disadvantages
1. It doesn't establish connection between two different network.
2. Once it broadcast the message is sent and is not capable to stop the message.
3. It is more expensive.
4. The transmission rate of data is slow.
BRIDGE
It is a network device that is used to separate LAN into number of section.
Note: It operates both physical as well in data link layer of OSI model.
Advantages:
[Link] using bridge device we can extend the network.
2. It broadcast the data to each node like hub and repeaters.
[Link] can be reduced.
4. It is more intelligent.
Disadvantages
1. It doesn't establish connection between two different network.
2. Once it broadcast the message is sent and is not capable to stop the message.
3. It is more expensive.
4. The transmission rate of data is slow.
GATEWAY
Gateway is a hardware device that is used to connect to dissimilar type of network.
It allows us to send and receive dat through the internet even if it is LAN network
Notes: it operates in all 7 layers of OSI model
Advantages:
1. It connects 2 network which has different protocols
2. It operates in all 7 layers of OSI model
3. We cant access the internet without gateway
4. It provides security.
Disadvantages:
1. It is more expensive
2. Data transmission rate is slow
3. Difficult to maintain as well as complex
4. Less intelligent
MODEM
Modem stands for modulator and demodulator. It is a network device that is placed between the
computer system and telephone line.
It has two part: 1. Modulator
[Link]
Modulator convert digital signal to analog signal where as demodulator converts analog to digital.
Note:- It allow us to computer to connect internet.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TCP & UDP
TCP(transmission control protocol)
-it is connection oriented protocol
-it is reliable
-it is slower than udp
-the header size is 20 bytes
-retransmission oflost packet is possible
-it uses https, http, smtp, ftp
UDP(user datagram protocol)
-it is connection less protocol
-it is not reliable
-it is faster than tcp
-the header size is 8 bytes
-retansmission of lost packets is not possible
-it uses video conferencing, dns(domain main server)
MAC ADDRESS
Mac address is stands for media access control . Is is also known as physical address or hardware
address.
Mac address is unique and permanent for all electronic and networking devices.
Format - The Mac address represented in the hexadecimal format on the devices.
MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS
MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS
[Link]
Size of Mac address is 48 bits and contains 12 digit in it.
In which 24 bits(first six digits) for OUI( Organization unique identifier) and 24 for NIC (Network
interface card )/vendor specific.
Mac address is globally unique means two devices cannot have the same Mac address.
ARP Address Resolution protocol is used to associate logical address with a physical address or Mac
address.
