TO STUDY AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEY MODULATION &
s
DEMODULATION
TO STUDY AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEY MODULATION &
DEMODULATION
1
AIM:
To study the principle of Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK).
Measuring ASK signals.
Implementing ASK modulation and demodulation.
APPARATUS USED:
(i)ASK Trainer Kit (ii) CRO with connecting probes (iii) Connecting cords.
THEORY:
In digital communication system, the modulation process involves
switching or keying the amplitude, frequency or phase of the carrier in
accordance with the input data.
Thus there are three basic modulation techniques for the transmission
of digital data. They are known as amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency-shift
keying (FSK) and phase-shift keying (PSK) which can be viewed as special cases of
amplitude modulation, frequency modulation and phase modulation respectively.
Now, if the amplitude of the carrier is switched depending on the
input digital signal, then it is called amplitude-shift keying (ASK). The simplest ASK
is binary ASK (BASK).
ASK signal may be generated by simply applying the incoming binary
data and the sinusoidal carrier to the two inputs of a product modulator. The
resulting output will be ASK waveform. The modulated signal has two levels ‘1’
and ‘0’ representing the presence and absence of the sinusoid, respectively.
ASK signal is represented as:
Si(t) = √ 2E/Tb cos2πfct when 0≤t≤Tb
0 Elsewhere.
2
Where, i = 1 and 2.
E= transmitted energy / bit.
fc= carrier frequency.
Tb= bit interval.
Symbol 1 is represented by S1 (t).
Symbol 0 is represented by S2 (t).
We know that demodulation is the reverse process of modulation in
which the modulating signal is recovered back from the modulated signal. The
demodulator circuit consists of an envelope detector (square law detector) and
an OpAmp comparator. When the ASK signal is passed through the envelope
detector, an envelope is created. This envelope is then passed through the
comparator, which converts the envelope to the same ‘0’ and ‘1’ format as the
message signal. The waveforms of ASK is shown in fig.1.
Fig.1: Waveforms of ASK Modulation & Demodulation.
3
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Input Data Product
Binary ASK Signal
Modulator
Unipolar
Carrier
Fig.2: Block Diagram of ASK Modulating system.
Squa
Low Volt
re Comp
AM pass age Desire
Signal Law arato Output
Filte Limi
Dete r
r ter
ctor
Fig.3: Block Diagram of ASK Demodulating system.
PROCEDURE:
4
Switch on the ASK trainer kit and CRO.
Please connect the circuit as shown in connection diagram,
Give Carrier signal and modulating signal in binary form i.e {1 or 0).
Observe modulated signal at ASK modulator.
in the same way demodulated signal is observed at ASK demodulator with the
help of CRO.
PRECAUTIONS:
Switch off the experimental kit during making connections.
Use the CRO carefully.
Results and graphs (SAMPLE):
ASK MODULATED SIGNAL
