SEMI AUTOMATIC DRAIN CLEANER
A Project Report Submitted
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
Mechanical Engineering
by
Chandra Kant Saurabh (1673440902)
Himanshu Singh Kushwaha (1637440904)
Kirti Bharti (1673440905)
Prem Kumar Chaudhary (1673440909)
Vijai Kumar Ratna (1673440910)
Under the Supervision of
Name of Supervisor
Rajkiya Engineering College ,Banda
to the
Mechanical Engineering Department
DR. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,
LUCKNOW
FEBRUARY, 2019
[i]
CERTIFICATE
Certified that Chandra Kant Saurabh (1673440902), Himanshu Singh Kushwaha
(1673440904), Kirti Bharti (1673440905), Prem Kumar Chaudhary (1673440909), Vijai
Kumar Ratna (1673440910) has carried out the research work presented in this thesis
entitled “Semi Automatic Drain Cleaner”for the award of Bachelor of Technology from
Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, under my supervision. The report
embodies results of original work, and studies are carried out by the student their self and the
contents of the report do not form the basis for the award of any other degree to the candidate
or to anybody else from this or any other University / Institution.
Signature
(Name of Supervisor)
(Designation)
Date:
[ii]
ABSTRACT
In this project the proposal concept is to replace the manual work in drainage cleaning by
automated system. We know that water has a great importance in human being life, the water
flow in drain full of wastes like polythene, bottles etc. The drains get blocked due to these
wastes in water. Now a day’s even through mechanical machine plays a vital role in all
industrial applications in the proper disposal of sewages from industries and commercials are
still challenging task. Drainage are using for the disposal and unfortunately sometimes there
may be loss of human life while cleaning the blockage in the drainages. The government also
spends too much money to clean the drainages. To overcome this problem and to save the
human life we implement design “Automatic sewage cleaning system”. We designed our
project to use this inefficient way to control the disposal of wastages and with regular
filtration of wastages. The system has a wiper motor that starts running as soon as the set-up
is switched on. Two power window motors are connected to the wheel and it is driven with
the help of the remote control set-up. The process starts collecting the sewage wastes by
using the arm and it throws back the waste into the bin fixed in the machine at the bottom. An
arm is used to lift the sewage and in turn a bucket is used to collect them. The set-up runs
even in sewage area with water (limited to a particular amount) so that the wastages which
floats on the water surface also gets collected. The garbage which affects the drainage is also
picked up and removed. This system has limited human intervention in the process of
cleaning and in turn reduces spreading of diseases to mankind.
[iii]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project undertaken
during B. Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Name of the Faculty,
Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College, Banda for his
constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. His sincerity, thoroughness
and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only his cognizant
efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day.
We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Professor Name, Head,
Mechanical Engineering Department, Rajkiya Engineering , for his full support and
assistance during the development of the project.
We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty
members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development
of our project. Last but not the least; we acknowledge our family & friends for their
contribution in the completion of the project.
Signature: Signature:
Name: Name:
Roll No.: Roll No.:
Date: Date:
Signature: Signature:
Name: Name:
Roll No.: Roll No.:
Date: Date:
[iv]
CONTENTS
Particulars Page. No.
CERTIFICATE ii
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGE iv
CONTENT v
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-
2
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3-4
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
CHAPTER 3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 5
3.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 5
CHAPTER 4 PROBLEM FORMULATION 6-8
4.1 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 6
4.2. METHODOLOGY 6
4.3 Design Inputs 7
4.3.1 Shaft 7
4.3.2 Maximum Bearing Load 7
4.3.3 Chain Drives 7
4.3.3 Lifter 7
4.4 Fabrication of Model 8
4.5 Results And Discussions 8
REFERENCES 12
[v]
[vi]
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION: The Drainage water cleaner system are used to clean wastes from
water like polythene,bottles etc. present in water .This can be used to overcome the problem
of filtration of wastes from water and it save the time and cost that spend on cleaning the
drainage. As the industry setup increase in the environment the water coming from industries
are full of wastes like polythene, bottles, and other materials and that water mix with the
other water that are used by people and we know that that water is not good for the for health
of people. So to overcome from these problems we can filter the water drainage water before
it mix with other water. This type of filtration of water is called primary filtration. In this
project we use DC or AC motor to run the system when power supply is available& the
Equipment we used are motor, chain, driver, bucket, frame, wheel, sprocket gear, solid shaft
etc. Water is a basic necessity of human and all living beings. There is a plenty of water on
earth that is not suitable for human use. The impurities present in water can cause hazardous
diseases. Waste water is defined as the flow of used water from homes, business industries,
commercial activities and institutions which are subjected to the treatment plants by a
carefully designed and engineered network of pipes. The biggest impact of cleaning the
chemical wastes can cause respiratory diseases and it plays a challenging issue for the
municipality officers. Water damage is classified as three types of contaminated water. They
are clean water, gray water and black water. Clean water is from a broken water supply line
or leaking faucet. If not treated quickly, this water can turn into black water or gray water,
depending on length of time, temperature, and contact with surrounding contaminants. Gray
water is contaminated water that causes discomfort or illness. It includes washing machine
overflow; toilet overflow with some urine, and dishwasher overflow. Black water is grossly
contaminated and could cause severe illness or death if ingested and avoided such as flooding
from rivers or streams, water from beyond the toilet trap, water from the toilet bowl, or
standing water that has begun to support microbial growth. A drainage ditch is a narrow
channel that is dug at the side of a road or field to carry away the water. Nowadays, even
though automation plays a vital role in all industrial applications in the proper disposal of
sewages from industries and sewage cleaning is still a challenging task. Drainage pipes are
used for the disposal of sewage and unfortunately sometimes there may be loss of human life
while cleaning the blockages in the drainage pipes. The municipality workers are only
[1]
responsible to ensure that the sewage is clean or not. Though they clean the ditches at the side
of buildings, they can’t clean in very wide sewages. The municipality workers need to get
down into the sewage sludge to clean the wide sewage. It affects their health badly and also
causes skin allergies. With the continued expansion of industries, the problem of sewage
water must be urgently resolved due to the increasing sewage problems from industries to the
surrounding environment. To overcome this problem and to save the human life this design
of sewage cleaning machine is proposed. In the proposal concept, the manual work in
drainage cleaning is replaced by an automated system. The existing system is designed in
order to reduce the load of workers and to make clean India.
[2]
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW:
1. Ganesh U L, showed the usage of mechanical drainage cleaner to replace the manual work
required for drainage cleaning system. Drainage pipes are very dirty. Sometimes it is harmful
for human life while it is need for cleaning drainage system. To overcome this problem, they
implemented mechanical semi-automatic drainage water cleaner and so the water flow is
efficient because of regular filtration of wastages with the help of that project. Different kinds
of environment hazards reduced with the help of Drainage system machine. [1]
2. James C. Conwell, G. E. Jhonson proposed the design and construction of a new test
machine configuration that offers same advantages over the traditional one. The new machine
and attendant instrumentation provide more realistic chain loading and allow link tension and
roller sprocket impact monitoring during normal operation. The incorporation of idle sprocket
allows independent adjustment of test on length and preload.[2]
3. S D Rahul Bharadwaj, Proposed with the automatic cleaning of waste water in order to
prevent global warming and melting of glaciers. The results emphasize the need of waste
water treatment plants, through which the water is treated before suspending in rivers. Firstly
power is generated and that power is used for waste water cleaning process . [3]
4. Balachandraetal, Reviewed about drainage cleaning to replace manual work to automated
system because manually cleaning system it is harmful for human life and cleaning time, is
more so to overcome this problem they implemented a design “Automatic drainage water
pump monitoring and control system using PLC and SCADA”. PLC and SCADA were
designed. In this project to use efficient way to control the disposal of wastage regularly,
treatment of disposal in different way toxic and nontoxic gases. PLC controller from Siemens
was used in the treatment system of drainage wastewater control by the stepper motor,
compressor, gas exhauster, pressure valve and the liquid level, flow and other analog
variables to achieve automatic control of sewage waste water treatment. [4]
[3]
5. Dr .[Link] explained manual work converted to automated system. Drainage pipe
using for disposal and it may be loss for human life while cleaning the blockage in the
drainage pipes. To overcome this problem they implemented “Automatic Sewage Cleaning
System”. They designed their project different way clearance of gaseous substance are treated
separately so the flow of water efficiently. This project may be developed with the full
utilization of men, machines, and materials and money. They made their project economical
and efficient with the available resources. They used automation technology reletated with
his application of mechanical, electronics, computer based systems to operate and control
production. [5]
6. [Link], explained E bucket (electronic bucket) use for drainage cleaning system
because E-bucket lifted a sewage and used evaporation treatment for this sewage wet sewage
was converted into dry matters, with the of ARM board (ARDUINO) this process was
performed. After this process they were add this waste a government bank without any kind
of affection of the bacteria. [6]
7. Nitin Sall, explained flow of used water from homes, business industries, commercial
activities is called waste water. 200 and 500 liters wastage water are generated each person
every day. So using waste water technology that removes, rather than destroys, a pollutant in
a drainage system. [7]
8. NDUBUISI C. Daniels, [Link]. Showed the Drainage system cleaner machine used to
remove garbage and sewage automatically which helped to protect the environment from
different kinds of environmental hazards. The drainage system cleaner has three major parts
which are the Propeller, the Cleaner and the Pan all makes up for its effective functioning. [8]
[4]
CHAPTER 3
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
3.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
The major objectives of the proposed work are, Design of mechanical drainer, taking into
account the various factors that might affect the functionality of the equipment. Fabrication of
the model and Assembling of the model carried out, then process are studied and optimized
for effective semi-automatic drainer for sewage water treatment for floating materials.
Basically during fabrication of the model the basement part is prepared by welding the metal
bars by electric welding. Then the supporting rods are welded at an angle of 90degree from
the basement, the pillow block bearings are fixed to the supporting rod and the front part of
the basement. Hollow cylindrical shafts are fixed to the bearings and also chain drive are also
fixed to the shaft in order to fix the shafts the factor of safety of the chain is calculated. The
lifters are fixed to the chain by gas welding at an equal distance from each.
[5]
CHAPTER 4
PROBLEM FORMULATION
4.1 Problem Identification: The problem of water logging due to plastic, thermocole and
metal leads to pest growth and it favors diseases like malaria, typhoid etc. This is unsafe for
human life and hence the idea of this project emerged. The objective of the proposed project
is to design and fabricate an automated machine for drainage cleaning in order to prevent
humans from getting affected by various diseases from the infectious microbes present in the
sewage while cleaning manually. This proposed system is to minimize or overcome the
problem faced while using man operated machine and to minimize the increased dumping
rate of waste.
4.2. METHODOLOGY: The existing system is completely a mechanical based project. It is
a stationary system, simply kept in the sewage area to collect the wastes passing over it. The
chain and sprocket is used for conveyor movement, which has fitted fork plates to collect the
wastes from the sewage. The rotation of the chain along with the plates will collect the
floating wastes and put off the wastes in the bin that is placed at the backside of the system.
DESIGN OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS
[6]
Fig 4.2: Flow chart for design calculation
4.3 Design Inputs:
4.3.1 Shaft:
Material used=Mild steel.
Length=910mm
Inner Diameter=21mm
Outer Diameter=24mm
Length between shaft to shaft=930mm
Power transmitted by the shaft = 108577.5105watt
4.3.2 Maximum Bearing Load:
L 248.256
= =25.3064 Kg
g 9.81
If the weight exceeds more than the calculated weight the load on the bearing will increase
due to which there will be improper rotation of the chain occurs.
4.3.3 Chain Drives :
P=11.372mm.
Chain length = L= p𝐿𝑝 = 2057.4 mm
4.3.3 Lifter :
Length=610mm
Breadth =120mm
Gap between each lifter=700mm
4.3.4 Collecting Bin
Length =920mm
Breadth =610mm
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Height =340mm
1
Area of the collecting bin = × L × B=280600 mm
2
4.4 Fabrication of Model:
Basically during fabrication of the model the basement part is prepared by welding the metal
bars by electric welding. Then the supporting rods are welded at an angle of 90 degree from
the basement, the pillow block bearings are fixed to the supporting rod and the front part of
the basement. Hollow cylindrical shafts are fixed to the bearings and also chain drive are also
fixed to the shaft in order to fix the shafts the factor of safety of the chain is calculated. The
lifters are fixed to the chain by gas welding at an equal distance from each.
4.5 Results And Discussions:
While conducting the experiment the parameters considered are uniform flow rate of water,
depth of the channel is 1feetand height of the channel is 3feet, rate of disposal of waste is
uniform, lifter speed and motor speed is constant. Cost of the machine is economic and it
requires only12-24 volts of current. These cleaners are easy cheapest way to fix drainage
problems. Easy to operate as no special skill is required. Reduction of labor oriented method
of cleaning, thus Up grading dignity of labor’s. Light weight and easily portable. Large
amount of garbage will collect which can be remanufacturable
[8]
REFERENCES
1. Ganesh U L,[Link].“Semi-Automatic Drain For Sewage Water Treatment Of Floating
Materials”, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol
No- 05, Jul-2016.
2. James C. Conwell, G.E. Jhonson, “Design, Construction and Instrumentation of a
Machine to Measured Tension and Impact Forces in Roller Chain Drives”, December
1989.
3. S D Rahul Bharadwaj, Shraddha R Jogdhankar, “Automatic Wastewater treatment
process to reduce global warming” International Journal of Environmental Science:
Development and Monitoring, Vol No- 2 (2013).
4. Dr .[Link] [Link]., “Automatic Sewage Cleaning Equipment”, International
Conference on Explorations and Innovations in Engineering and Technology , 2016
5. [Link] [Link]., “Smart Sewage Cleaning System” International Journal of
Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol No- 4,
February 2016.
6. Balachandra, [Link].”Automatic Drainage Water Pump Monitoring and Control System
Using PLC and SCADA” International Journal of Innovative Research in
Technology, Vol No- 1, 2014.
7. Nitin Sall, [Link]., “Drain Waste Water Cleaner”, Global Journal of Researches in
Engineering: J General Engineering Vol No- 16, 2016.
8. NDUBUISI C. Daniels, “Drainage System Cleaner A Solution to Environmental
Hazards”, International Refered Journal of Engineering March 2014.
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