EE-124
PROJECT – BASED
LEARNING
SUBMITTED BY:
HAMZA NAJEEB (AU-32)
SAIM KHAN (AU-33)
ASAD KHAN (AU-35)
SAAD SIDDIQUE (AU-36)
SUBMITTED TO:
SIR: MUDASSIR
1
OBJECT:
Make a regulated DC power supply with variable voltage from 5v to 15v.
The input is 220v 60Hz.
EQUIPMENT:
1. Bridge Rectifier
2. Step Down Transformer
3. AC Power Supply
4. Integrated Circuit (LM7805CT)
5. Potentiometer 2k Ohms
6. Output Capacitor 470 Micro Farad
7. Wires for connection
8. Digital Multimeter
9. Electrical Tape
10. Led 3V
11. Breadboard
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
SIMULATION RESULT ON MULTISIM:
THEORY
1. TRANSFORMER:
The process involves transforming the input AC voltage to a different
level, either higher or lower. This is achieved through the use of a
step-down transformer. For instance, when a 220 AC input is
supplied, the step-down transformer reduces the voltage to a lower
level 12/24V while maintaining the electrical signal's alternating
current (AC) nature.
2. RECTIFICATION PROCESS:
Rectification is commonly achieved through the use of diodes or
rectifier bridges. In this process, AC voltage is converted into DC
voltage. Bridge rectifiers, often employed for full-wave rectification,
play a significant role in this transformation. They contribute to a
smoother DC output and enhanced efficiency compared to the less
efficient half-wave rectification method.
3. FILTERING/SMOOTHING PROCESS:
After receiving DC voltage from a bridge rectifier or diodes, the
output often contains undesirable ripples that can affect the stability
of the voltage. To mitigate this issue, a filtering process is employed
to smooth out these ripples. Capacitors play a crucial role in
conjunction with rectifiers to effectively reduce the ripples present in
the rectified output. By strategically placing capacitors in the circuit,
they act as energy storage devices, absorbing the variations in
voltage and providing a more stable and smoothed DC output.
4. VOLTAGE REGULATION:
Voltage regulation is essential to ensure a steady and constant output
voltage, irrespective of variations in input voltage or changes in load.
Voltage regulators maintain a consistent output voltage by adjusting the
resistance in the circuit. The LM7805CT is a popular linear voltage
regulator IC that is widely used for voltage regulation in electronic
circuits.
5. OUTPUT CAPACITOR:
The output capacitor in a power supply plays a crucial role in
smoothing out the voltage and reducing ripple. The output
capacitor helps minimize this ripple voltage, contributing to a
more constant and reliable DC output.
6. VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT:
The potentiometer allows for manual adjustment of the output voltage.
By adjusting the potentiometer, you can set the desired output voltage
within the LM7805CT's specified range, providing flexibility in voltage
adjustment.
PROCEDURE:
1. Assemble the circuit on a breadboard or PCB according to the
provided diagram.
2. Verify that all components are correctly connected, especially the
transformer and rectifier.
3. Connect the 220V AC input using a power cord.
4. Use the potentiometer to adjust the output voltage and measure it
with a voltmeter.
5. Monitor the output voltage and current under varying loads to
confirm the system meets.
RESULT:
The Max Output voltage = V = volts.
The Min Output voltage = V = volts.
The Max Output current = I = Ampere.
CONCLUSION:
The project successfully designed and implemented a regulated DC
power supply with an adjustable output voltage ranging from 5V to
15V. The system performed reliably during testing, meeting the
required voltage range and supporting a maximum current output of
_____A. The use of key components, including the step-down
transformer, bridge rectifier, and LM7805CT voltage regulator,
ensured smooth voltage regulation and stable performance under
varying load conditions. Overall, the power supply fulfills the project
objectives and proves suitable for applications requiring precise and
flexible DC output.
