READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

ACTIVITY 3

Group No.1

Direction: Organize the different concepts of different primary sources which resulted the conflicts and issues in the
Philippine history whether Affirmative of Negative. Cite 3 sentences explanation in each account/primary source.

Example:
Affirmative Negative

First Catholic Mass Francisco Albo Antonio Pigafetta

in the Philippines (explanation) (explanation)
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

1. First Catholic Mass in the Francisco Albo Antonio Pigafetta

Philippines
Francisco Albo's Antonio Pigafetta's account,
account states that however, suggests ambiguity
the first mass was regarding the exact location
held in Limasawa, of the first mass, creating a
emphasizing the historical debate. Pigafetta’s
peaceful interaction writings imply that the
between the natives location could be in Butuan,
and the Spanish. Albo not Limasawa, challenging
noted the presence of Albo's claim. This
local leaders who discrepancy sparked
participated, marking controversy and differing
it as a significant views on the origin of
event in history. His Christianity in the
narrative highlights Philippines.
unity and a religious
milestone in Philippine
history.

2. The Cavite Mutiny Governor-General Jose Montero y Vidal

Rafael Izquierdo
Historian José Montero y
In his official report to Vidal suggested in his
the Spanish Historia General de Filipinas
government, that the Cavite Mutiny was
Governor-General exaggerated to suppress
Rafael Izquierdo Filipino dissent. Filipino
characterized the intellectuals, including José
1872 Cavite Mutiny as Rizal, argued it was a
a "conspiracy" reaction to the Spanish
orchestrated by government's removal of
native soldiers, privileges for Filipino
workers, and local workers, not a full-scale
insurrection. Rizal's view,
leaders influenced by
supported by later historians,
liberal ideas from
 Europe. Izquierdo’s
report describes the sees the mutiny as a protest
mutiny as a plot to against unfair treatment,
incite rebellion rather than a planned
against Spanish rule, rebellion.
claiming it was
inspired by anti-
colonial sentiments.
This portrayal
supported the Spanish
authorities' view that
the uprising was
dangerous, justifying
the execution of
Filipino priests
Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos, and Jacinto
Zamora (Gomburza).

Fr. Pio Pi Austin Coates

Fr. Pio Pi's account of Doubts about the
Rizal’s retraction was authenticity of Rizal's
rooted in the original retraction have been raised
document, with by various historians, such
particular focus on the as Austin Coates, who
spelling and word suggested that the
choices, such as "mi document could be a forgery
cualidad" and or a product of coercion.
"Católicos." He There are no firsthand
stressed the accounts of witnesses who
significance of these directly saw Rizal sign the
3. Rizal’s Retraction details, believing they document, and many believe
accurately reflected that it was manufactured by
Rizal's true intentions the Church to undermine his
in reconciling with the revolutionary influence. The
Catholic Church. absence of the original
According to Fr. Pio Pi, retraction document and
these precise inconsistencies in Jesuit
spellings served to accounts further fuel
confirm the suspicions, with some
authenticity of Rizal’s historians asserting that
retraction. Rizal remained steadfast in
his nationalist convictions
until his death.

4. The Cry of Rebellion Pio Valenzuela Guillermo Masangkay

In the memoirs of Pio However, in the memoirs of
Valenzuela, a key Guillermo Masangkay,
figure in the another close associate of
Katipunan, he Bonifacio, he claims the Cry
recounts that the Cry actually took place in Pugad
of Rebellion took Lawin on August 24 or 25,
place in Balintawak on highlighting a discrepancy in
August 23, 1896, the date and location.
where Andres Masangkay’s version has
Bonifacio and his been used to question the
followers tore up their traditional account of the
cedulas as a symbolic Cry, with some historians
act against Spanish arguing that personal biases
rule. Valenzuela may have influenced these
describes Bonifacio's conflicting testimonies. This
impassioned call for disagreement exemplifies
unity, which rallied the difficulty in pinpointing a
the Katipuneros to singular moment or location
openly declare their for the Cry, as different
fight for accounts from primary
independence. This witnesses add complexity to
account is widely historical interpretation.
accepted and has
been instrumental in
establishing the
significance of the Cry
as the start of the
Philippine Revolution.