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Concrete Technology: Elasticity, Shrinkage, and Creep

The document discusses the modulus of elasticity in concrete, explaining its relation to stress and strain, and detailing methods to determine it, including initial tangent, tangent, and secant modulus. It also covers different types of shrinkage in concrete, such as drying, autogenous, and carbonation shrinkage, along with factors that influence shrinkage. Additionally, the document addresses creep in concrete, its causes, and the factors affecting it, including time, type of concrete, stress-to-strength ratio, and relative humidity.

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28 views3 pages

Concrete Technology: Elasticity, Shrinkage, and Creep

The document discusses the modulus of elasticity in concrete, explaining its relation to stress and strain, and detailing methods to determine it, including initial tangent, tangent, and secant modulus. It also covers different types of shrinkage in concrete, such as drying, autogenous, and carbonation shrinkage, along with factors that influence shrinkage. Additionally, the document addresses creep in concrete, its causes, and the factors affecting it, including time, type of concrete, stress-to-strength ratio, and relative humidity.

Uploaded by

mahdialijassimw25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Concrete Technology

[Link]. Dr. Zena K. Abbas Second class

Modulus of Elasticity
The expression modulus of elasticity refers to the relation between
stress and strain which represents the hardness or resistance of material
to deformation. The material say elastic if no strain in it after unloads.
This doesn’t mean the relation between stresses-strain is linear always;
sometimes it is curve as in rocks and glass.
Young`s modulus of elasticity can be applied only to the straight part
of the stress-strain curve.
There are many methods to determine modulus of elasticity from the
curve of stress-strain

1) Initial tangent modulus: it is the tangent to the curve at the origin,


it is limited practical importance.
2) Tangent modulus: which is a slope of the tangent at any point on
stress-strain curve. Modulus applies only to very small changes in
Concrete Technology
[Link]. Dr. Zena K. Abbas Second class

load above or below the load at which the tangent modulus is


considered.
3) Secant modulus: it is static modulus; this represents the slope of
the secant from origin to any point at the curve.

Shrinkage
1) Drying shrinkage: withdrawal of water from concrete stored
in unsaturated air causes drying shrinkage. Apart of this
movement is irreversible and should be distinguished from the
reversible moisture movement caused by alternating storage
under wet and dry conditions. This type of shrinkage is very
high and significant.
2) Autogenous shrinkage: this shrinkage is the consequence of
withdrawal of water from the capillary pores by the hydration
of the anhydrate cement at that time, a process known as self –
desiccation. This shrinkage is low and insignificant.
3) Carbonation shrinkage: this type's is probably caused by
dissolving crystals of Ca(OH)2 and depositing of CaCO3 also
this type is low and insignificant.
Factors affecting on shrinkage:
1) W/C: shrinkage is increased with increasing W/C because
the v determines the amount of evaporable water in the
cement paste.
2) Aggregate content: increase the aggregate content in
concrete decreasing the shrinkage because it restrains the
amount shrinkage.
3) Maximum size: increasing the maximum size of aggregate
causes decreasing in shrinkage.
Concrete Technology
[Link]. Dr. Zena K. Abbas Second class

4) Aggregate shrinkage: concrete shrinkage increase with


increasing aggregate shrinkage.
5) The Age: the rate of shrinkage is very high at early age of
concrete around first three months after exposed the
concrete to drying, but this rate decreasing with time. The
rate of shrinkage depends on percentage of surface area to
volume when this ration is high shrinkage is high too.
6) Fineness and chemical composition of cement: increasing
fineness cement and C3A and C2S in cement causes
increasing in shrinkage.
7) Calcium chloride: increasing this causes increasing the
shrinkage.

Creep
It is the increase in strain with time under sustained stress.
Factors affecting on creep:
1- The time: most of creep happens in the first 3 month, after
that the rate of creep decreasing with time.
2- Type of concrete: stronger concrete has lower creep.
3- Stress/strength of concrete: when this ratio increase, creep
increase too.
4- Relative humidity: creep increasing with decreasing the
relative humidity of concrete.

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