AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH
Faculty of Science & Technology
Department of Mathematics
MAT2202: Matrices, Vectors and Fourier Analysis (CSE/COE/EEE) (Sections: All)
Total Marks: 40 Final Examination Time: 2 hours
1. Express u=( 13 ,−16 , 1 ) as a linear combination of u1= (1 ,−2 ,3 ) , 4
u2= (−2, 4 , 2 ) ,∧u3= (3 ,−1 ,−2 ) .
2. Answer any Three of the following questions: 3×5=15
a) 1 3 2
Find the directional derivative of the scalar function T ( r , ϕ , z )= r z tan ϕ at the point
2
(2 , π4 ,3)in the directionr^ + ϕ^ .
b) Transform vector A= ^x ( x + y ) + ^y ( y−x ) + ^z z at the point p=( 2 √ 2 ,−2 √ 2 , 2 )
to cylindrical coordinates.
c) cos ϕ
Check whether the vector field A= ^ R ( R e ) + θ^ sin θ+ ϕ^ 2 is conservative or
−R
R
solenoidal or both.
d) 2 2 2
x + y +z
Find the Laplacian of the scalar function T = .
x yz
3. Answer any One of the following questions: 1 ×7=7
a) A vector field A=r^ r 3 exists in the region between two concentric cylindrical surfaces
defined by r =1 andr =3, with both cylinders extending between z=0 and z=4. Verify
the divergence theorem for this vector field.
b) For the vector field A= ^x xz− ^y z 2− ^z xyz , verify the divergence theorem by computing
(a) the total outward flux flowing through the surface of a cube centered at the origin and
with sides equal to 3 units each and parallel to the Cartesian axes, (b) the integral of ∇ ∙ A
over the cube’s volume.
4. Answer any One of the following questions: 1 ×7=7
a) R cos θ+ ^ϕ sin θ by evaluating it on the
Verify Stokes’s theorem for the vector field, A= ^
hemisphere of unit radius.
b) For the vector field A= ^x xy− ^y ( x 2 +2 y 2 ), verify the Stokes theorem by computing (a)
1
❑ ❑
∮ A∙dl around the triangular contour given in the following page, (b) ∫( ∇ × A )∙ d s
c s
over triangular arc.
5. Answer any One of the following questions: 7
[ ]
a) 1 1 1
Let A= 6 5 4 be a matrix.
13 10 8
i) Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem, and ii) find A−1 using Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
b) Using eigenvalues and eigenvectors solve the following system of differential equations:
{ẋ 1 ( t )=x 1 ( t ) +2 x 2 ( t ) ,
ẋ 2 ( t )=2 x1 ( t )+ x 2 ( t )
with x 1 ( 0 )=1 , x 2 ( 0 )=−1 ,
dx dx
where x˙1 ( t )= 1 and x˙2 ( t )= 2 .
dt dt
“Useful Formulae”
In terms of curvilinear coordinates the gradient of a scalar function T (u1 ,u 2 , u3 ) is given by
u^ 1 ∂ T u^ 2 ∂T u^ 3 ∂ T
gradT =∇ T= + + ∙
h 1 ∂ u1 h 2 ∂ u2 h3 ∂u 3
The divergence and the curl of A are given by
¿ A=∇ ∙ A=
1 ∂
h1 h2 h3 ∂ u1
( [
A 1 h2 h3 ) +
∂
∂ u2
( h1 A 2 h3 ) +
∂
]
(h h A ) ,
∂ u3 1 2 3
| |
u^ 1 h1 u^ 2 h 2 u^ 3 h3
1 ∂ ∂ ∂
and curl A=∇ × A= ,
h1 h2 h3 ∂ u1 ∂ u2 ∂u3
h 1 A 1 h2 A 2 h3 A 3
where A=u^ 1 A 1(u1 , u2 , u3)+ u^ 2 A2 (u1 , u2 ,u3 )+ u^ 3 A 3 (u1 ,u 2 , u3 ).
The End
2
1. Express u=( 1,−2 ,5 ) as a linear combination of u1= (1 , 1 ,1 ) , u2=( 1 , 2 ,3 ) ,∧¿
u3= ( 2,−1 ,1 ) . Or
Check the linear dependency of the vectors u1= (3 , 0 , 1 ,−1 ) , u2=( 2 ,−1 , 0 , 1 ) , and
u3= ( 1, 1 ,1 ,−2 ) .
2. Answer any Three of the following:
a) Transform the vector B= R ^ sin θ+ θ^ cos θ+ ϕ^ cos2 ϕ from spherical coordinates to
Cartesian coordinates.
b) Find the directional derivative (D. D.) of T ( x , y , z )=x 2 y−xz at the point ( 1 , 0 ,2 ) in the
direction d= ^x −2 ^y −6 ^z .
sin ϕ ^ cos ϕ
c) Check whether the vector field A=^r +ϕ 2 is solenoidal.
z r
d) Find the Laplacian of the scalar functionT =10 e−R sin θ .
3. Answer any Two of the following:
a) Given A= ^x x 2+ ^y xy + z^ yz ,verify the divergence theorem over a cube having one unit on
each side. The cube is situated in the first octant of the Cartesian coordinate system with one
corner at the origin.
❑
b) Assume that a vector field A=r^ r cos ϕ + ϕ^ sin ϕ , (a) find ∮ A ∙ d l over the semicircular
c
❑
contour, and (b) find ∫ ( ∇ × A ) ∙ d s over the surface of the semicircle.
s
c) Assume that a vector field A= ^x ( 2 x + y ) + ^y ( xy − y ), (a) find
2 2 2
∮ A∙dl around the
c
❑
triangular contour, (b) find ∫ ( ∇ × A ) ∙ d s over triangular arc, (c) verify Stokes’s theorem and
s
(d) can A be expressed as gradient of a scalar? Explain.
3
4. Answer any One of the following:
[ ]
2 0 1
a) Let A= 7 3 4 be a matrix.
−5 2 6
i) Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem. ii) Find A−1 using Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
b) Using eigenvalues and eigenvectors solve the following system of differential
equations: { x˙1 ( t )=−5 x 1 ( t ) + x 2 (t)∧¿ ẋ2 ( t )=4 x 1 ( t ) −2 x 2 (t) with x 1 ( 0 )=1 , x 2 ( 0 )=2 .
The End
1 Express u=(6 , 20 , 2) as a linear combination of 4
. u1= (1 , 2 ,3 ) , u2= (1 , 3 ,−2 ) ,∧u3=( 1 , 4 ,1 ) .
OR
Check the linear dependency of the vectors u1= (3 , 0 , 1 ,−1 ) , u2=( 2 ,−1 , 0 , 1 ) ,
and u3= ( 1, 1 ,1 ,−2 ) .
2 Answer any Three of the following: 5×3=15
.
a) Transform the vector B=r^ + ϕ^ cos 2 θ from cylindrical coordinates to spherical
coordinates.
1 2
b) Find the directional derivative (D. D.) of T ( R , θ , ϕ )= cos θ at the point
R
(1 , π4 , π2 ) in the direction−θ^ .
c) Check whether the vector field A= ^
R ( R−sin θ ) is solenoidal.
2
d) Find the Laplacian of the scalar functionT = 3
cosθsinϕ ∙
R
4
3. Answer any Two of the following: 7
×2=14
a) For the vector field A= ^ 2
R 3 R , evalute both sides the divergence theorem for
the region enclosed between spharical shells defined by R=1 and R=2.
b) Assume that a vector field A=r^ cos ϕ + ϕ^ sin ϕ , (a) find ∮ A ∙ d l over the path
c
comprising a quarter section of a circle, and (b) find ∫ ( ∇ × A ) ∙ d s over the surface
s
of the quarter section.
c) Suppose A= ^x xy− ^y ( x +2 y ) is a vector field, (a) find ∮ A ∙ d l around the triangular
2 2
c
❑
contour, (b) find ∫ ( ∇ × A ) ∙ d s over triangular arc,(c) verify Stoke’s theorm.
s
4 Answer any One of the following:
.
[ ]
2 0 1
a) Let A= −2 3 4 be a matrix.
−5 5 6
i) Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem. ii) Find A−1 using Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
b) Using eigenvalues and eigenvectors solve the following system of differential
equations: { x˙1 ( t )= x1 ( t )+2 x 2 (t)∧¿ x˙2 ( t ) =3 x 1 ( t ) +2 x 2 (t) with x 1 ( 0 )=0 , x 2 ( 0 )=−4 .
dx dx
where x˙1 ( t )= 1 and x˙2 ( t )= 2 .
dt dt
5
6
