Department of Education

Caraga Administrative Region

Division of Agusan del Sur
Senior High School
Statistics and Probability
3rd Quarterly Examination

Directions. Read and answer the following questions and circle the letter
of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following best describes a discrete random variable?

A. A variable with no defined range
B. A variable that is always continuous
C. A variable that can take any value within an interval
D. A variable that can only take specific, countable values

2. What is an example of a continuous random variable?

A. The number of students in a class
B. he number of cars in a parking lot
C. The time it takes to complete a task
D. The number of heads in 10 coin tosses

3. Find the possible values of the random variable X, where X represents the
number of heads obtained when flipping two coins.
A. 0, 1, 2
B. 1, 2, 3
C. 0, 1, 2, 3
D. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

4. Which property is true for all probability distributions?

A. Probabilities can be negative
B. Probabilities must sum to exactly 1
C. Probabilities can be greater than 1
D. Probabilities must sum to more than 1

5. What does the mean of a discrete random variable represent?

A. The variability of the data
B. The average or expected value
C. The range of possible outcomes
D. The probability of each outcome

6. Which of the following best describes a normal distribution?

A. A distribution that is uniform
 B. A distribution with no defined mean
C. A distribution that is skewed to the right
D. A distribution that is symmetric and bell-shaped

7. What is the mean of a standard normal distribution?

A. 0
B. 1
C. -1
D. Any real number

8. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within one standard

deviation of the mean?
A. 50%
B. 68%
C. 95%
D. 99%

9. Which of the following is true about the area under the normal
curve?
A. It is less than 0.5
B. It can be negative
C. It is always equal to 1
D. It can be greater than 1

10. Which of the following best describes random sampling?

A. A method where individuals are selected in alphabetical order
B. A method where only specific individuals are chosen based on
certain criteria
C. A method where the sample is selected from the most convenient
individuals
D. A method where every individual in the population has an
equal chance of being selected

11. Which of the following is an example of a parameter?

A. The median income of survey respondents
B. The average height of all students in a school
C. The standard deviation of test scores from a sample
D. The average height of a sample of students from a school

12. What is the sampling distribution of the sample mean?

A. The distribution of medians from different samples
B. The distribution of variances from different samples
C. The distribution of individual data points in a sample
 D. The distribution of all possible means from all possible
random samples of a fixed size drawn from a population

13. If the population follows a normal distribution with known

variance, what is true about the sampling distribution of the sample
mean?
A. It follows a skewed distribution for small sample sizes
B. It cannot be determined without knowing the mean
C. It follows a normal distribution regardless of sample size
D. It follows an exponential distribution for large sample sizes

14. According to the Central Limit Theorem, what happens to the

shape of the sampling distribution of the sample mean as sample
size increases?
A. It becomes more uniform
B. It becomes more skewed to the right
C. It remains unchanged regardless of sample size
d. It approaches a normal distribution, regardless of
population shape

15. What is the purpose of a point estimate?

A. To define the population size
B. To measure the variability of the sample
C. To determine the exact population mean
D. To provide a single value as an estimate of a population
parameter

16. Which of the following is a point estimator for the population

mean?
A. Sample mean
B. Sample variance
C. Sample proportion
D. Population standard deviation

17. What does a confidence interval estimate provide?

A. A precise population parameter
B. A range of values where the population parameter likely
falls
C. The exact variance of the population
D. The median of the sample
18. Which of the following best describes the shape of a t-
distribution?
A. Positively skewed
B. Negatively skewed
C. Flat and rectangular
D. Symmetrical and bell-shaped

19. What happens to the t-distribution as the sample size

increases?
A. It becomes wider
B. It becomes flatter
C. It becomes more skewed
D. It becomes more like the z-distribution

20. Which of the following statements

describes the normal distribution shown?
A. The mean is 15 and the standard
deviation is 125.
B. The mean is 125 and the standard
deviation is 15.
C. The mean is 155 and the standard deviation is 25.
D. The mean is 25 and the standard deviation is 155.

21. What is required to construct a t-distribution?

A. The population variance
B. The population standard deviation
C. The sample size and population size
D. The sample mean and sample standard deviation

22. All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT

A. The standard normal distribution is a continuous distribution.
B. All variables that are approximately normally distributed can be
transformed to standard normal variables.
C. The standard normal distribution is a normal distribution with a
mean and a standard deviation of 0 and 1, respectively.
D. If a distribution of raw scores were plotted and then the
scores were transformed to z scores, the shape of the
distribution changes.

23. How would you apply the concept of probability distribution to

determine the likelihood of rolling a specific number on a six-sided
die?
A. Assign higher probabilities to larger numbers.
B. Assume each face has an unequal probability.
C. Ignore outcomes and focus only on averages.
 D. Assign equal probabilities to each face and calculate
based on outcomes.

[Link] P ( X <3 ) considering the discrete probability distribution below.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(x) 0.21 0.07 0.22 0.13 0.28 0.09
a. 0.50
b. 0.72
c. 0.28
d. 0.37

25. Given a discrete random variable X with probabilities P(X=0)

= 0.3, P(X=1) = 0.5, and P(X=2) = 0.2, verify if this is a valid
probability distribution.
A. Not Valid. Because probabilities exceed 1.
B. Valid. Because probabilities sum to exactly 1.
C. Not valid. Because probabilities are less than 1.
D. Valid. Because probabilities are non-negative.

26. Suppose you have a probability distribution for a dice roll

1 1 1
(X): P(1) = , P(2)= ,…,P(6)= . How would you compute the
6 6 6
expected value?
A. Add all probabilities together.
B. Subtract probabilities from outcomes.
C. Divide all outcomes by their probabilities.
D. Multiply each outcome by its probability and sum them
up.

27. How would you describe the variance in terms of a discrete

random variable's probability distribution?
A. It determines the highest possible outcome.
B. It calculates the total number of outcomes.
C. It measures only positive deviations from the mean.
D. It measures how far outcomes are spread from their
mean.

28. A company tracks delivery times, which are normally

distributed with a mean of 30 minutes and a standard deviation of 5
minutes. If a delivery took 40 minutes, what is its z-score?
A. Z =−2
B. Z =−1
C. Z = +2
D. Z = +1
29. A test score follows a normal distribution with a mean of 75
and a standard deviation of 10. If a student scored in the top 2% of
the class, what z-score corresponds to this percentile?
A. Z = +2
B. Z = +2.05
C. Z = +2.33
D. Z = +3

30. A researcher wants to estimate the average income in a city

by surveying 500 residents out of 10,000 households. Match each
term with its correct definition:
- The average income calculated from all 10,000 households is
called...
- The average income calculated from the surveyed 500 residents
is called...

A. Statistic; Parameter
B. Parameter; Statistic
C. Sample; Population
D. Population; Sample

31. The population mean μ is 50, and its variance σ2 is 16. If you
take random samples of size n=4, what will be the variance of the
sampling distribution of the sample mean?
A. σ2 = 2
B. σ2 = 4
C. σ2 = 8
D. σ2 =16

32. A population has a non-normal shape with mean μ=100 and

standard deviation σ=20. If you take random samples with
size n=30, what will be true about the shape and mean of the
sampling distribution?
A. Shape will remain non-normal; Mean will remain at μ=100.
B. Shape will remain non-normal; Mean will decrease below μ=100.
C. Shape will become approximately normal; Mean will
remain at μ=100.
D. Shape will become approximately normal; Mean will increase
above μ=100.
33. A sample mean is 75, the standard deviation is 5, and the
sample size is 25. What is the point estimate for the population
mean?
A. 70
B. 75
C. 80
D. 85

34. If the population variance is unknown and the sample size is

small (n < 30), which distribution is appropriate to use?
A. t-distribution
B. Normal distribution
C. Poisson distribution
D. Binomial distribution

35. If a sample proportion is 0.4 and the sample size is 200, what
is the point estimate of the population proportion?
A. 0.2
B. 0.4
C. 0.6
D. 0.8

36. When would you use the t-distribution instead of the z-

distribution?
A. When the sample size is large
B. When the population size is large
C. When the sample variance is unknown
D. When the data are normally distributed

37. A company produces light bulbs, and the number of defective

bulbs in a batch of five is represented by X. The probability
distribution is:

X (Defectiv 0 1 2 3 4 5
e Bulbs)
0. 0. 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0
P(X) 2 3 5 5 5 5

If the company wants to determine the average number of

defective bulbs per batch, calculate E(X).

A. 1
B. 1.5
C. 1.6
D. 1.7
38. A game involves rolling a fair six-sided die where you win $20
if you roll a six, lose $5 if you roll a one, and neither win nor lose for
any other roll (2,3,4 or 5). Let X represent your profit from one roll
of the die; calculate your expected profit:
1 1 4
E(X) = (20)( ) + (−5)( ) + (0)( )
6 6 6
What is your expected profit?
A. $0
B. $2
C: $15
D: $10

39. A delivery service tracks late deliveries per day using the
random variable X. If E(X2) =10 and E(X)=2, calculate the variance
using Var(X) = E(X2) − [E(X)]2. What does this variance indicate
about consistency in late deliveries?
A. Variance is low; late deliveries are consistent.
B. Variance is high; late deliveries are inconsistent.
C. Variance shows no relationship with consistency.
D. Variance cannot be determined from this information.

40. A hospital monitors patient wait times in their emergency

room, which are normally distributed with a mean wait time of 45
minutes and a standard deviation of 10 minutes. A patient
complains about waiting for more than an hour (60 minutes). What
percentage of patients typically wait longer than this time?

A. 6%
B. 9%
C. 11%
D. 15.87%

41. A school principal wants to identify students who belong to the

top-performing group in an IQ test, which follows a normal
distribution with a mean IQ score of 100 and a standard deviation of
15. If students scoring above the top 10% cutoff are considered top
performing, what minimum IQ score qualifies for this group?
A. 115
B. 120
C. 125
D. 130
42. A factory produces light bulbs with lifetimes that follow a
normal distribution with mean μ=800 hours and standard
deviation σ=40 hours. If you take a random sample of size n=25,
what is the probability that the sample mean lifetime
exceeds X=810?
A. P(Z>+1) = 0.1587
B. P(Z>+2) = 0.0228
C. P(Z>+0.5) = 0.3085
D. P(Z>+3) = 0.0013

43. A university wants to estimate students' weekly study hours

using random samples from its student body. If random samples
(size n=50) yield a sample mean study time X =20 hours with
standard deviation s=4, compute a z-score for an observed
value X=22 and interpret this z-score.

A. Z = -1; Study time is slightly below average.

B. Z = +1; Study time is slightly above average.
C. Z = -2; Study time is significantly below average.
D. Z = +2; Study time is significantly above average.

44. A company monitors customer satisfaction scores that follow

a non-normal population distribution with mean μ=75 and standard
deviation σ=15. If random samples of size n=36 are taken, what is
the probability that a randomly selected sample has an average
satisfaction score greater than X=78?

A: P(Z>+1) = 0.1587
B: P(Z>+1.2) = 0.1151
C: P(Z>+0.8) = 0.2119
D: P(Z>+1) = 0.3085

45. A confidence interval for a population mean is (45, 55). Which

conclusion can be made?

A. The sample mean is 50.

B. The population mean is 45.
C. The confidence interval is incorrect.
D. The population mean is likely between 45 and 55.
46. Create a scenario where the Central Limit Theorem can be
applied to estimate the mean height of high school students. Which
factors should you consider?

A. Sample size and variability

B. Sample distribution shape
C. The mean of the sample
D. Both A and B

47. A sample of 25 students has a mean score of 80 and a

standard deviation of 10. Assuming the population is normally
distributed, what is the 95% confidence interval for the population
mean?

A. (70, 90)
B. (78, 82)
C. (76.1, 83.9)
D. (75.87, 84.13)

48. Explain how increasing the sample size from 10 to 50 affects

the confidence interval length.

A. It increases the variability.

B. It widens the confidence interval.
C. It narrows the confidence interval.
D. It does not affect the confidence interval.

49. A company needs a margin of error of ±3 for its satisfaction

survey at 95% confidence. If the population standard deviation is
12, what sample size is required?

A. 16
B. 24
C. 48
D. 64

50. A researcher wants to estimate the average amount of time

students spend studying per week with a 95% confidence level. The
standard deviation of the study time in a pilot study is 4 hours. If the
researcher desires a margin of error no greater than 30 minutes,
what is the minimum sample size required?
A. 35
B. 62
C. 171
D. 246