Publications

WORLD BANK GROUP

Publications

S PRIN G
2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Flagship Titles.............................................. 1 World Bank Productivity Project................. 24

Recently Released........................................ 9
Open Knowledge Repository....................... 25

Featured Titles........................................... 12

Bestsellers................................................. 26

Africa......................................................... 19

Index......................................................... 28
East Asia and Pacific.................................. 21

Latin America and the Caribbean................ 23 World Bank Publications Distributors........... III

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 FLAGSHIP TITLES

GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS, JANUARY 2025

By the World Bank

Over the past 25 years, progress has mostly bypassed the world’s 26 poorest
countries. Home to more than 40 percent of people struggling on less than
$2.15 a day, these countries are the central focus of global efforts to end
extreme poverty. Yet their progress has stalled amid heightened conflict,
frequent economic crises, and persistently feeble growth.

Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group flagship report that

examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus
on emerging market and developing economies. It is issued twice a year, in
January and June. The January edition includes in-depth analyses of topical
policy challenges, while the June edition contains shorter analytical pieces.

GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS

January 2025. 194 pages.
Stock no. C212147
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2147-9). US$49.50

COMING SOON

GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS, JUNE 2025

June 2025. 194 pages. Stock no. C212193 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2193-6). US$49.50

WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS In the U.S. phone +1 (800) 645 7247 • fax +1 (703) 661 1501 1
FLAGSHIP TITLES

WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW 2025

By the World Bank

Women, Business and the Law 2025 is the 11th edition of a World Bank
WOMEN, Group series measuring the laws and regulations that restrict women’s
BUSINESS economic opportunity.
AND THE Since 2009, Women, Business and the Law has informed research and
LAW 2025 policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment,
emphasizing the work still to be done to ensure equality of opportunity for
all. The indicators build evidence of the critical relationship between legal
gender equality and women’s employment and entrepreneurship.

WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW

April 2025. 178 pages.
Stock no. C212196
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2196-7). US$43.95

ALSO AVAILABLE IN THIS SERIES

WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW 2024

April 2024. 178 pages. Stock no. C212063 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2063-2). US$43.95

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 FLAGSHIP TITLES

LEVELING THE PLAYING FIELD

Addressing Structural Inequalities to Accelerate Poverty Reduction in Africa
Edited by Nistha Sinha, Gabriela lnchauste, and Ambar Narayan

Structural sources of Africa’s inequality are those rooted in laws, institutions,

and practices that create advantages for a few but disadvantages for many. LEVELING
the
These include differences in living standards that come from inherited or
unalterable characteristics, such as where people are born, their parents’ PLAYING FIELD
education, ethnicity, religion, or gender. They also arise from market and
institutional distortions that privilege some firms, farms, and workers to access
markets, employment, and opportunities while limiting access for the majority, Addressing
Structural
curtailing their productive potential, and limiting earning opportunities. Inequalities to
Accelerate Poverty
Reduction in
Africa
This report argues that policies to address high levels of structural inequality
in Africa are also at the heart of its slow progress in reducing extreme poverty.
However, there is nothing inevitable about structural inequality. Societies
that put up barriers to opportunities can also remove and replace them with
policies aimed at reducing poverty and growing faster. Indeed, across the
world, countries where the gap in inequality of opportunity is narrowest grow Edited by
Nistha Sinha,
faster and have lower poverty incidence. Broadening access to opportunities Gabriela lnchauste,
and Ambar Narayan
represents one of Africa’s key prospects to raise productivity, earnings, and
fairness and to accelerate poverty reduction. Leveraging the most recent
data available for the region, this report provides recommendations aimed at December 2024. 342 pages.
Stock no. C212160
improving the productive capacity of the poor population, the ability of poor (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2160-8). US$43.95
individuals to use their capacities once they get to the market, and the design
of fair fiscal policies.

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FLAGSHIP TITLES

AFRICA IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Governance and Inclusive Green Growth
Edited by Chorching Goh

Will the 21st century witness Africa’s major push toward catching up with
other world regions? Or will the continent continue to underperform its
AFRICA IN THE peers? A flagship report published in 2000 provided a blueprint for Africa to
21ST CENTURY claim the 21st century. Nearly a quarter of a century later, Africa’s progress
GOVERNANCE AND
reveals some advancements, yet endeavors to overcome pivotal challenges
INCLUSIVE GREEN GROWTH identified at the century’s outset have fallen short. The agenda to mitigate
conflicts, invest in people, bolster economic competitiveness, and reduce
Edited by Chorching Goh
dependence on external financing remains unfinished. What will it take to
reshape Africa’s trajectory, not only for the few countries that have made
notable advancement but for current and future generations across the
continent?

The goal of fostering inclusive green growth remains, yet its attainment is
increasingly daunting. The growth model, based on labor-intensive, polluting
industrialization that once brought wealth elsewhere, is unlikely to succeed
as automation expands, trade patterns shift, and climate pressures mount.
Amid rapid population growth, achieving social and economic inclusion
becomes more arduous. Moreover, sustainability confronts threats not solely
April 2025. 460 pages. from pollution and resource overextraction but also from the exacerbating
Stock no. C212186
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2186-8). US$49.50 impacts of climate change.

Nevertheless, promising instances and hopeful examples in numerous African

nations demonstrate that there are no inherent barriers preventing Africa
from accelerating development and narrowing the gaps with other world
regions. To achieve this, countries must intensify efforts to address three
crucial enablers of development:

• Governance with accountable leadership and a competent and

committed state. Without this, progress on any aspect of development is
unattainable.

• Africans equipped with skills, technology, and access to quality health

care, enabling them to engage in society and the economy.

• Robust, well-functioning market systems that cultivate growth, foster

opportunities, and generate productive employment.

This sequel report analyzes past achievements, enduring obstacles, and

potential policy alternatives. Chapters outline strategies for governments to
enhance support for inclusive green growth, delving into ways the continent
can empower its expansive, young labor force with the requisite skills and
resources for a modern, productive economy. Moreover, they explore how
trade in goods and services can distribute economic gains across what has
historically been the most fragmented world region.

4 [Link]/publications • books@[Link] WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS

 FLAGSHIP TITLES

GREATER HEIGHTS
Growing to High Income in Europe and Central Asia
By Christos Kostopoulos, Ivailo Izvorski, Iván Torre, Leonardo Iacovone, Michael Lokshin, Richard Record, and Szilvia Doczi

The countries of Europe and Central Asia (ECA) embarked on a historical

transition from a planned to market economy in the early 1990s. While 12
economies have reached high-income status in a little over three decades,
middle-income countries in the region have found that growth becomes
harder the more they have advanced in their transition, and convergence with
advanced economies has moderated.

This report uses the “3i” framework of the 2024 World Development Report—
Investment, Infusion, and Innovation—as a strategic approach to address
these challenges and provides policy options on how to grow to high income.
Drawing on comprehensive empirical analysis, the report emphasizes that the
transition to high income in ECA requires continued foundational reforms
to sustain growth momentum. It highlights the need for transformative
changes to unlock private sector potential, optimize talent allocation, and
drive innovation. Additionally, embracing the shift to low-carbon economies
can accelerate technology adoption and productivity growth. This publication
offers practical recommendations for policy makers to advance inclusive and
sustainable economic growth across the region.
EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA STUDIES
April 2025. 114 pages.
Stock no. C212206
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2206-3). US$43.95

YOU MAY ALSO BE INTERESTED IN

WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2024

The Middle-Income Trap
October 2024. 272 pages. Stock no. C212078 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2078-6). US$54.95

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 FLAGSHIP TITLES

THE NURTURING STATE

How Governments Can Promote Early Childhood Development in the Middle East and
North Africa
Edited by Alaka Holla and Samira Nikaein Towfighian

Learning poverty—or the fraction of 10-year-old children who cannot read

a simple paragraph—stood at 63 percent in the Middle East and North
The Nurturing State Africa region in 2019. Nearly 1 of every 3 young people ages 15–24 are idle,
neither studying nor working, and the prevalence of mental illness among
How Governments Can Promote Early Childhood Development
in the Middle East and North Africa adolescents in the region is above the world average.
The Nurturing State

These pathologies plaguing school-age children and youth in the region

have much earlier origins. Their paths to weak learning, diminished mental
health, and depressed labor market prospects most likely started in early
childhood—the period from gestation to age 6—a critical period when the
brain is still forming and when children pick up skills, such as early language
and numeracy, that set them up for learning-related skills in school, such
as reading and mathematics, and for skills such as focus, perseverance, and
emotional regulation that prepare them for the labor market and lay the
foundations for future mental health.
Alaka Holla
Samira Nikaein Towfighian
Editors
This report makes the case for all governments in the region to play a
greater role in promoting early childhood development—specifically in (1)
ensuring efficient and equitable provision of services for children under age
January 2025. 175 pages. 6, (2) coordinating the different sectors that tend to provide services for this
Stock no. C212173
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2173-8). US$43.95 age group and partnering with non-state providers, and (3) regulating and
monitoring the quality of early childhood services and the development of
children. The report documents the extent to which governments currently
fulfill these roles in supporting children’s healthy physical growth, social-
emotional and mental health, and early learning, as well as in mitigating
the potential for permanent harm that arises from poverty, maltreatment,
and conflict. The report articulates a basic minimum package for children
focused on early learning, early health and nutrition, and the protection of
children from poverty. It also proposes roles for a government to function as
a “nurturing state” that supports the health, skills, and productive potential
of the region’s youngest residents and future workforce.

6 [Link]/publications • books@[Link] WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS

 FLAGSHIP TITLES

RECLAIMING THE LOST CENTURY OF GROWTH

Building Learning Economies in Latin America and the Caribbean
By William F. Maloney, Xavier Cirera, and Maria Marta Ferreira

Latin America has lost not decades but a century of growth due to its inability W O R L D B A N K L AT I N A M E R I C A N A N D C A R I B B E A N S T U D I E S

to learn: to identify, adapt, and implement the new technologies emerging

from the Second Industrial Revolution. Superstars like Argentina, Chile,
and Uruguay fell behind peers like France and Germany, while the entire
region retrogressed in industries it once dominated and was unable to take
advantage of new opportunities that propelled similarly lagging countries
like Finland, Japan, the Repubic of Korea, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden to the
advanced country club.

Data presented in this volume suggest this remains the case today as Latin
American firms continue to lag in the rate of adopting new technologies and
in their efficient use within firms. Latin America entered the 20th century Reclaiming the Lost
technologically unarmed, lacking technical and entrepreneurial capabilities.
Century of Growth
Building Learning Economies in
Building learning economies will require three areas of reform. First, the Latin America and the Caribbean

demand for knowledge and innovation must be increased by improving

managerial and technical capabilities as well as the incentives to innovate.
Second, beyond building necessary human capital, new ideas can be
facilitated by reorienting universities and research institutions to partner with
the private sector and serve as seedbeds for new entrepreneurs and industries. WORLD BANK LATIN AMERICAN AND
Finally, government policy and the overall enabling environment need to CARIBBEAN STUDIES
support the ongoing process of risky experimentation that constitutes the June 2025. 180 pages.
Stock no. C212205
development process. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2205-6). US$43.95

ALSO AVAILABLE IN THIS SERIES

THE EVOLVING GEOGRAPHY OF PRODUCTIVITY AND

EMPLOYMENT
Building Ideas for Inclusive Growth through a Territorial Lens in Latin America and
the Caribbean
February 2024. 244 pages. Stock no. C211959 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1959-9). US$43.95

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FLAGSHIP TITLES

THE JOURNEY AHEAD

Supporting Successful Migration in Europe and Central Asia
By Laurent Bossavie, Daniel Garrote Sanchez, and Mattia Makovec

This book seeks to enhance the understanding of migration in Europe and

Central Asia (ECA) and to propose policy solutions to better leverage its
benefits and reduce its costs for all parties involved. It examines migration
in the region in its diverse forms, including forced and economic migration,
low-skilled and high-skilled labor mobility, and temporary and permanent
moves across borders. It analyzes these policy issues from the perspective
of migrants, countries of origin, and destination countries. It shows that
migration has been an engine of prosperity for all actors involved and helped
address some of the large demographic and socioeconomic disparities in
the region. It also argues, however, that there is scope to increase the net
gains from migration and to distribute them more equally among all actors
involved. To do so, it utilizes a combination of existing evidence and new
analysis carried out for the preparation of this book.

Based on this evidence, the book proposes a set of policy recommendations

tailored to the diversity of migration challenges and experiences in ECA.
It argues that policy responses tailored to the specific challenge they aim
to address can ensure greater and better distributed welfare gains from
EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA STUDIES migration among origin countries, destination countries, and migrants. While
December 2024. 368 pages. some of these policies can be taken unilaterally by either origin or destination
Stock no. C212143
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2143-1). US$49.50 countries, others require close coordination between the two, or even at the
regional level. Some of these policies can be implemented rapidly in the short
term, while others require more substantial intuitional reforms but can yield
large returns in the medium-to long term. While this book focuses on ECA,
the great diversity of migration patterns, experiences, and challenges in the
region makes its policy lessons relevant on a global scale.

YOU MAY ALSO BE INTERESTED IN

BUILDING RESILIENT MIGRATION SYSTEMS IN THE

MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Lessons from COVID-19
July 2022. 164 pages. Stock no. C211855 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1855-4). US$43.95

8 [Link]/publications • books@[Link] WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS

 RECENTLY RELEASED

WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2024

The Middle-Income Trap
By the World Bank

Middle-income countries are in a race against time. Many of them have

done well since the 1990s to escape low-income levels and eradicate
extreme poverty, leading to the perception that the past three decades have
been great for development. However, the ambition of the more than 100
economies with incomes per capita between $1,100 and $14,000 is to reach
high-income status within the next generation. When assessed against this
goal, their record is discouraging. Since the 1970s, income per capita in the
median middle-income country has stagnated at less than one-tenth of the
US level. With aging populations, growing protectionism, and escalating
pressures to speed up the energy transition, today’s middle-income economies
face ever-more-daunting odds. To become advanced economies despite the
growing headwinds, these countries will have to make miracles.

Drawing on the development experience and advances in economic analysis

since the 1950s, World Development Report 2024 identifies pathways for
developing economies to avoid the “middle-income trap.” It points to the
need for not one but two transitions for those at the middle-income level: the
first from investment to infusion and the second from infusion to innovation.
Governments in lower-middle-income countries must drop the habit of WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT
repeating the same investment-driven strategies and work instead to infuse October 2024. 272 pages.
Stock no. C212078
modern technologies and successful business processes from around the world (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2078-6). US$54.95
into their economies. This requires reshaping large swaths of those economies
into globally competitive suppliers of goods and services. Upper-middle-
income countries that have mastered infusion can accelerate the shift to
innovation—not just borrowing ideas from the global frontiers of technology
but also beginning to push the frontiers outward. This requires restructuring
enterprise, work, and energy use once again, with an even-greater emphasis
on economic freedom, social mobility, and political contestability.

Neither transition is automatic. The handful of economies that have made

speedy transitions from middle- to high-income status have encouraged
enterprise by disciplining powerful incumbents, developed talent by rewarding
merit, and capitalized on crises to alter policies and institutions that no longer
suit the purposes they were once designed to serve. Today’s middle-income
countries will have to do the same.

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RECENTLY RELEASED

BUSINESS READY 2024

By the World Bank

Business Ready (B-READY) is a new World Bank Group corporate flagship

report that evaluates the business and investment climate worldwide. It
replaces and improves upon the Doing Business project. B-READY provides
a comprehensive data set and description of the factors that strengthen the
private sector, not only by advancing the interests of individual firms but also
by elevating the interests of workers, consumers, potential new enterprises,
and the natural environment.

This 2024 report introduces a new analytical framework that benchmarks

economies based on three pillars: regulatory framework, public services,
and operational efficiency. The analysis centers on 10 topics essential for
private sector development that correspond to various stages of the life
cycle of a firm. The report also offers insights into three cross-cutting themes
that are relevant for modern economies: digital adoption, environmental
sustainability, and gender.

B-READY draws on a robust data collection process that includes specially

tailored expert questionnaires and firm-level surveys. The 2024 report,
BUSINESS READY which covers 50 economies, serves as the first in a series that will expand
October 2024. 208 pages.
in geographical coverage and refine its methodology over time, supporting
Stock no. C212021 reform advocacy, policy guidance, and further analysis and research.
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2021-2). US$49.50

For further information, visit the B-READY website at [Link]/

businessready.

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 RECENTLY RELEASED

POVERTY, PROSPERITY, AND PLANET REPORT 2024

Pathways Out of the Polycrisis
By the World Bank

The Poverty, Prosperity, and Planet Report 2024 is the latest edition of the
series formerly known as Poverty and Shared Prosperity. The report emphasizes
that reducing poverty and increasing shared prosperity must be achieved in
ways that do not come at unacceptably high costs to the environment. The
current “polycrisis”—where the multiple crises of slow economic growth,
increased fragility, climate risks, and heightened uncertainty have come
together at the same time—makes national development strategies and
international cooperation difficult.

Offering the first post-coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic assessment of global

progress on this interlinked agenda, the report finds that global poverty
reduction has resumed, but at a pace slower than before the COVID-19
crisis. Nearly 700 million people worldwide live in extreme poverty with less
than $2.15 per person per day. Progress has essentially plateaued amid
lower economic growth and the impacts of COVID-19 and other crises.
Today, extreme poverty is concentrated mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa and
fragile settings. At a higher standard more typical of upper-middle-income
countries—$6.85 per person per day—almost one-half of the world is living
in poverty. POVERTY AND SHARED PROSPERITY
October 2024. 296 pages.
The report also provides evidence that the number of countries that have Stock no. C212123
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2123-3). US$43.95
high levels of income inequality has declined considerably during the past
two decades, but the pace of improvements in shared prosperity has slowed,
and that inequality remains high in Latin America and the Caribbean and
in Sub-Saharan Africa. Worldwide, people’s incomes today would need to
increase fivefold on average to reach a minimum prosperity threshold of
$25 per person per day. Where there has been progress in poverty reduction
and shared prosperity, there is evidence of an increasing ability of countries
to manage natural hazards, but climate risks are significantly higher in the
poorest settings. Nearly 1 in 5 people globally is at risk of experiencing
welfare losses due to an extreme weather event from which they will struggle
to recover.

The interconnected issues of climate change and poverty call for a united
and inclusive effort from the global community. Development cooperation
stakeholders—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and the
private sector to communities and citizens acting locally in every corner of the
globe—hold pivotal roles in promoting fair and sustainable transitions. By
emphasizing strategies that yield multiple benefits and diligently monitoring
and addressing trade-offs, we can strive toward a future that is prosperous,
equitable, and resilient.

WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS In the U.S. phone +1 (800) 645 7247 • fax +1 (703) 661 1501 11
 FEATURED TITLES

2025 GLOBAL FINDEX AND CONNDX DATABASES

Financial Inclusion and the Digital Economy
By Leora Klapper, Laura Starita, Dorothe Singer, and Alexandra Norris

For more than a decade, the Global Findex Database has been the definitive source of
2025 GLOBAL FINDEX AND
CONNDX DATABASES data on global access to financial services, from payments to savings and borrowing.
The fifth edition introduces new data series on financial health, from resilience to
climate risks and fintech products. This edition also presents the inaugural Connectivity
FINANCIAL INCLUSION
AND THE DIGITAL and Digital Transformation (ConnDX) survey, a comprehensive demand-side data source
ECONOMY
on digital connectivity that explores how adults across the world access and use mobile
By Leora Klapper, Laura Starita, Dorothe
Singer, and Alexandra Norris
phones, the internet, and digital IDs and how these tools drive the use of financial
services and broader economic empowerment.

Over recent decades, digital technologies have significantly improved the lives of people
in developing economies. Mobile phones and digital platforms have enabled women
and low-income adults to access information, discover income opportunities, and use
digital financial services to improve their livelihoods. Yet critical questions remain:
How equitably are these benefits distributed? Who is still excluded, and why? The new
June 2025. 180 pages.
ConnDX database offers a detailed window into these questions based on nationally
Stock no. C212204 representative surveys of approximately 150,000 adults in more than 145 economies.
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2204-9). US$43.95

This report is an essential resource for policy makers, researchers, and practitioners
working to build a more inclusive and digitally connected global economy.

RETHINKING RESILIENCE
Empowering People for a Changing Climate
By Forhad Shilpi, Claudia Berg, and Matthew Kahn

POLICY RESEARCH REPORT

Global warming is accelerating, and harmful weather events caused by climate
atically in the past two
Improving Effective change—such as extreme storms, droughts, heatwaves, or wildfires—are becoming
Improving Effective Coverage in Health

of service delivery that

RETHINKING RESILIENCE
Coverage in Health more frequent and severe. The burden of climate disasters is, and will continue to be,
ective Coverage in Health
incentives in the form of
rformance pay to frontline
ement.
Empowering People Work?
Do Financial Incentives for a
ysis. When compared with
an result in substantial
ce pay component in
Changing Climate borne disproportionately by poor people and poor countries. This report argues that
irect facility financing,
omy on allocation, but not
conditional cash transfers
ing the substantial gaps in
By Forhad Shilpi, Claudia Berg, and Matthew Kahn resilience to climate change will ultimately depend on the adaptation decisions of
, important lessons and
cing into the future. In
ormance pay while
ommunity engagement.
millions of individual households, farms, and firms.

Public policy can coordinate collective adaptation actions, provide incentives, and
de Walque, Kandpal, Wagstaff

extend direct support where necessary. However, the evidence suggests that adaptation
Damien de Walque, Eeshani Kandpal, Adam Wagstaff
efforts have fallen short. The drivers of the muted adaptation response by households,
farmers, and firms include incomplete information, financial constraints, markets for
SBN 978-1-4648-1825-7
Jed Friedman, Sven Neelsen, Moritz Piatti-Fünfkirchen,
Anja Sautmann, Gil Shapira, and Ellen Van de Poel

SKU 211825

adaptation tools or services that do not exist or offer limited products, or public policies
that are confusing or distorting. Enabling and empowering individuals to take actions
and invest in resilience measures appropriate to their own context is the priority for
POLICY RESEARCH REPORTS
policies. The report offers several broad principles to guide policy and proposes specific
February 2025. 280 pages.
Stock no. C212158 policy actions to build resilience. Resilience challenges are complex, and the report
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2158-5). US$49.50
recommends layering instruments to deal with multiple constraints; varied weather
events; and the differential financial abilities of households, farms, and firms.

12 [Link]/publications • books@[Link] WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS

 FEATURED TITLES

INTERNATIONAL DEBT REPORT 2024

By the World Bank

For more than five decades, the World Bank’s premier annual publication on debt,
now titled the International Debt Report (IDR), along with the associated International
Debt Statistics (IDS) database, have helped shape policies in development finance by INTERNATIONAL
sharing timely and comprehensive external debt data and analysis with the international DEBT REPORT
community. Drawing on data collected through the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting 2024
System, this publication has kept pace with evolving borrowing patterns and new
lending instruments, measured the impact of initiatives to relieve debt burdens, and
promoted best practices in debt recording and reporting. Each year the report presents
timely analysis of evolving trends in external debt stocks and flows of low- and middle-
income countries (LMICs), as well as issues and challenges for development finance. The
IDS database provides comprehensive information on external debt stocks and flows
of public and private borrowers in LMICs by borrower and creditor, the terms on which
external loans are contracted, current and future debt service, and debt indicators in
relation to key economic variables. INTERNATIONAL DEBT REPORT
January 2025. 236 pages.
Unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing Stock no. C212148
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2148-6). US$49.50
of LMICs, IDR 2024 is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors,
financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. For
more information on IDR 2024 and related products, please visit the World Bank’s Debt
Statistics website at [Link]/debtstatistics.

THE STATE OF ECONOMIC INCLUSION REPORT 2024

Pathways to Scale
By Inés Arévalo Sánchez, Janet Heisey, Sarang Chaudhary, Timothy Clay, Victoria Strokova, Puja Vasudeva Dutta, and Colin Andrews

The State of Economic Inclusion Report (SEI) 2024 explores efforts to scale up economic
inclusion programs—bundles of coordinated, multidimensional interventions that The State of
support individuals, households, and communities to sustainably increase their incomes Economic Inclusion
Report 2024
and assets—in the context of overlapping crises. These programs transform the Pathways to Scale
economic lives of the poorest and most vulnerable people, building their resilience and
creating job opportunities.

The report features data from 405 programs across 88 countries, benefiting over 70
million individuals either directly or indirectly. This marks almost doubling in the number
of programs and nearly a 50 percent increase in coverage since the SEI 2021 report.
Governments continue to lead in scaling up these economic inclusion programs, covering
nearly three-fourths of program participants. However, nongovernmental programs have
Inés Arévalo-Sánchez, Janet Heisey,
Sarang Chaudhary, Timothy Clay, Victoria Strokova,
Puja Vasudeva Dutta, and Colin Andrews

also significantly contributed to the increase in coverage in recent years, in addition to

serving as both service and capacity-building providers for governments. December 2024. 232 pages.
Stock no. C212076
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2076-2). US$43.95

WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS In the U.S. phone +1 (800) 645 7247 • fax +1 (703) 661 1501 13
FEATURED TITLES

STATE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION REPORT 2024

Missing the Course toward Universal Social Protection
Edited by Emil Tesliuc, Claudia Rodriquez Alas, and Jamele Rigolini

Social protection plays a critical role in promoting greater equity, resilience, and
opportunities, especially among the poor and vulnerable populations, and it is more
important than ever. Following the permacrises, it is needed to contribute solutions
for climate change, aging, youth employment, and migration. The report explores
the progress in achieving Universal Social Protection (USP) among emerging and
developing economies (EDEs)—namely, countries’ ability to provide social protection
support whenever and however people need it, with a special focus on covering the
extremely poor population and significantly reducing the income shortfall (poverty gap)
of the poorest quintile. The report conveys the following key messages:

• EDEs are falling behind achieving USP by 2030 because of solid, but excessively
slow, progress. Further progress toward USP will require building strong institutional
and operational foundations, as well as broader enabling conditions, before rapid scale-
up can be realized.
December 2024. 300 pages.
Stock no. C212156
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2156-1). US$54.95
• Weak social protection systems and low financing levels point to an urgent but
feasible imperative to reinforce financing and system-strengthening efforts, prioritizing
the poorest and more vulnerable households.

CYBERSECURITY ECONOMICS FOR EMERGING MARKETS

Enabling the Private Sector
By Estefania Vergara Cobos

In an increasingly interconnected world driven by the rapid adoption of digital

technologies, the significance of cybersecurity cannot be overstated, particularly in
developing countries. As these nations strive to harness the power of technology
to fuel economic growth, enhance public services, and improve quality of life, they
concurrently face heightened risks associated with cyber threats. The exposure of
developing countries to cyber incidents is often compounded by factors such as limited
resources, political tensions, inadequate infrastructure, an inefficient cybersecurity
industry, cybersecurity workforce shortages, and fast-evolving digital landscapes.
Cybersecurity Economics for Emerging Markets shows that the ramifications of cyber
incidents in developing countries can be severe, ranging from financial losses that
threaten the macroeconomic stability of nations to the disruption of essential services
and impediments to socioeconomic progress.

September 2024. 100 pages.

This book examines thousands of cyber incidents that have occurred in the past decade
Stock no. C212120 in over 190 countries, identifying their nature, key characteristics, and impact, as well
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2120-2). US$43.95
as the roles that markets and governments should take to better protect cyberspace.
Thus, the book offers actionable, evidence-based policy recommendations for
developing nations that include efforts to bolster resilience in the most critical, costly,
and interconnected sectors, such as public administration, health care, finance, and
communications, to support the national cybersecurity industry, to invest in research
and development, and to develop proactive measures to prevent systemic risks.
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 FEATURED TITLES

DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES, FOURTH EDITION (VOLUME 1)

Country-Led Priority-Setting for Health
Edited by Ala Alwan, Mizan Kiros Mirutse, Pakwanja Desiree Twea, and Ole F. Norheim

Through collaboration and capacity strengthening in a select number of low- and lower-
middle income countries, Disease Control Priorities, Fourth Edition (DCP4) summarizes,
produces, and helps translate economic evidence into better priority setting for efficient
and fair health outcomes. DCP4 is relevant for all countries committed to increasing
public financing of universal health coverage and promoting other health-improving
policies.

Volume 1 presents the overall lessons learned in defining and implementing essential
health service packages (EHSPs). The volume is divided into three parts:

• Part 1 focuses on the experiences of selected countries in developing their EHSPs,

including Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Iran, Malawi, Pakistan, Somalia, and Zanzibar;
Nigeria’s Lancet commission; India’s Ayushman Bharat Health System Reforms;
Colombia’s health benefit package; and the evolution of priority setting in Mexico.
DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES
• Part 2 presents cross-cutting insights on the development and implementation of January 2025. 460 pages.
EHSPs based on the experiences of six countries involved in the DCP3 translation, Stock no. C212105
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2105-9). US$43.95
which included Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, and Zanzibar.

• Part 3 presents three case studies: cross-national experiences on child health

and development during school age and adolescence, lessons learned from
recommendations to address noncommunicable diseases, and the implementation of
the DCP3 essential surgery package.

INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK FOR NUTRITION 2024

Edited by Meera Shekar, Kyoko Shibata Okamura, Mireya Vilar-Compte, and Chiara Dell’Aira

In 2017, the Investment Framework for Nutrition report set the stage for transformative
nutrition investments, culminating in strong donor and country commitments at the
2021 Tokyo Nutrition for Growth Summit. The world is facing polycrises, including food
and nutrition insecurity; climate shocks; fiscal constraints; and rising rates of overweight,
obesity, and noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Investing
to address global nutrition challenges is more critical than ever.

Despite a 44 percent decline in child stunting from 1990 to 2022, 148 million children
remain stunted, and malnutrition rates are still high. The global progress is insufficient to
meet the Sustainable Development Goals, as increasing anemia rates among women of
reproductive age; stagnating rates of child stunting, wasting, and low birthweight; and
rising childhood and adult obesity rates persist.

This report provides an update to the Investment Framework for Nutrition, broadening its
focus to include low birthweight and obesity while incorporating policy considerations, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
operational guidance for country-level implementation, and gender and climate change PERSPECTIVES
perspectives. December 2024. 316 pages.
Stock no. C212162
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2162-2). US$43.95

WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS In the U.S. phone +1 (800) 645 7247 • fax +1 (703) 661 1501 15
FEATURED TITLES

NATURE’S PARADOX
Stepping Stone or Millstone?
By Richard Damania, Ebad Ebadi, Kentaro Mayr, Jun Rentschler, Jason Russ, and Esha Zaveri

Nature’s Paradox is about the intersection of two major crises of the 21st century—the
NATURE’S sustainability crisis and the social exclusion and inequality crisis. The planet is grappling
PARADOX
Stepping Stone or
with severe environmental issues, including climate change and ecosystem collapse,
Millstone? which pose global existential threats. Local communities bear the brunt of other issues
like air and water pollution and land degradation, which stem from unsustainable
economic growth models.

The book delves into the nexus between social exclusion and environmental decline,
By Richard Damania, Ebad focusing on those at higher risk of exclusion due to their identity, ethnicity, race,
Ebadi, Kentaro Mayr, Jun
Rentschler, Jason Russ, and
Esha Zaveri or Indigenous status. It introduces the Underrepresentation Risk Index (URRI) to
quantify the extent of exclusion from decision-making, revealing that around 1 in 4
people globally face a high risk of political underrepresentation and its associated
vulnerabilities. Nature’s Paradox finds that underrepresented groups predominantly
January 2025. 146 pages.
reside in rural areas, are employed in agriculture, and have limited access to essential
Stock no. C212164 public services. While they are less exposed to air and water pollution, the impact on
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2164-6). US$43.95
them is disproportionately high, likely due to a lack of public services and an inability to
cope with their impacts.

Finally, Nature’s Paradox explores additional dimensions of social exclusion, including

poverty and gender disparities, and their interplay with the developed URRI, offering a
more comprehensive understanding of the potential interconnections between social
exclusion and environmental hazards.

WATER FOR SHARED PROSPERITY

By Fan Zhang and Christian Borja-Vega

This report aims to introduce a novel way of positioning water as an engine for
growth and equity by highlighting the deep associations between water and inclusive
growth. The report will identify risks and opportunities within the global water sector
that affect shared prosperity to promote more active international dialogue on water
challenges and solutions. To that end, it will synthesize existing evidence and generate
new empirical evidence based on the most recent data available on the intricate
interplay between water and shared prosperity. The report will also discuss the policy
implications to underscore the need for comprehensive governance frameworks,
investment strategies, technology and innovation, and community engagement to
achieve shared prosperity through sustainable water management. This is a joint
publication of the Government of Indonesia and the World Bank.

June 2025. 85 pages.

Stock no. C212071
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2071-7). US$35.00

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 FEATURED TITLES

UNLEASHING PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH FIRM FINANCING

By Tatiana Didier and Ana Paula Cusolito

The ability of firms to finance investments in physical and human capital and innovate
through digital, green, and other technologies is central to productivity and economic
growth. Yet myriad distortions and frictions can prevent the efficient allocation of
financial resources to firms, negatively impacting their growth and productivity.

Drawing from a newly constructed Orbis data set for 2.5 million private firms,
Unleashing Productivity through Firm Financing shows that misallocation of finance
stifles aggregate productivity. This volume focuses on the links among firm financing,
financial constraints, and firm performance, using comprehensive and underexploited
firm-level data for emerging market and developing economies. This work explores both
the effects of firms’ access to finance and the composition of finance (equity versus
debt) on firm performance. It also provides a novel, quantitative assessment of the
extent of constraints in debt and equity financing for private firms of different sizes
and the impact of such constraints on aggregate growth and productivity. The findings December 2024. 150 pages.
provide robust analytical underpinnings for existing practical knowledge in supporting Stock no. C211939
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-1939-1). US$43.95
access to finance for small and medium-sized enterprises in emerging market and
developing economies.

FINANCING FIRM GROWTH

The Role of Capital Markets in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
By Cesaire Meh, Sergio Schmukler, and Imtiaz Ul Haq

Well-functioning capital markets can foster economic growth and allocate resources INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION RESEARCH SERIES

efficiently. Firms can tap into a broader funding base by issuing debt and equity in DIGITAL OPPORTUNITIES
FINANCING FIRM
capital markets, often at cheaper rates and longer tenors than through other sources of GROWTHin African Businesses
external finance, such as banks. However, capital markets in low- and middle-income The Role of Capital Markets
in Low- and Middle-Income
countries (LMICs) have lagged those in high-income countries (HICs). Firms in those Countries

countries have thus more often relied on bank financing or retained earnings to fund By Cesaire Meh, Sergio
Schmukler, and Imtiaz Ul Haq

investment and expansion, and they have experienced greater financial constraints than
their counterparts in HICs.

This report shows that the gap in capital market financing between LMICs and HICs
has narrowed in recent decades, with benefits not only for firms accessing those
markets but also for the countries where they operate. The analysis reveals greater Edited by
Marcio Cruz

participation by firms from LMICs in domestic and international capital markets since
the 2000s, compared with the 1990s. More firms from more LMICs have increased their
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
participation in capital markets. This increase is associated with greater investment, CORPORATION RESEARCH
employment, and allocation of funds to smaller, younger, and more productive firms, SERIES
which tend to be more financially constrained. To reach these findings, the analysis in February 2025. 125 pages.
Stock no. C212191
the report uses a novel database of the universe of bond and equity issuances from (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2191-2). US$43.95
companies around the world between 1990 and 2022.

WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS In the U.S. phone +1 (800) 645 7247 • fax +1 (703) 661 1501 17
FEATURED TITLES

THE TRANSFORMATIVE POWER OF TERTIARY EDUCATION IN

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
By Koen Geven and Roberta Malee Bassett

As technological advances have accelerated globally and developing economies have

moved away from agriculture, the skills premium for tertiary education graduates has
The Transformative Power
of Tertiary Education in remained high. Tertiary education has driven innovation in developing economies by
Developing Countries helping young people adopt technology and enabling economies to catch up with—or
By Koen Geven and Roberta Malee Bassett
even invent—new technologies and production processes. Tertiary education has also
helped community development more subtly through spillover effects on community
health, improved family life, civic participation, and localized development around
institutional campuses.
This report argues that tertiary education faces a twin challenge in the coming two
decades. First, tertiary education will expand greatly, especially in low- and middle-
income countries. Policymakers will be challenged to maintain equality of opportunity
as well as the relevance and quality of tertiary education. Second, policy makers
June 2025. 130 pages.
will need to finance this expansion. Governments at different levels of economic
Stock no. C212202 development will need to find strategic ways of funding while also balancing costs
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2202-5). US$43.95
between the public purse on the one hand and families and students on the other. The
report provides practical recommendations on how policy makers can address their
most urgent priorities to (1) strengthen access to tertiary education for disadvantaged
youth, (2) improve the relevance and quality of tertiary education, (3) mainstream
technology usage in both teaching and research at tertiary education institutions, and
(4) diversify the supply of tertiary education beyond “world-class” universities.

FROM PROSPECTIVE TO PREPARED TEACHER

A Global Study of Initial Teacher Education
By Laura Gregory, Kathryn Bullard, Michel Welmond, Anna Boni, Zid Mancenido, and Diego Luna Bazaldua

Coherent and aligned education systems rely on teachers who are well-prepared
and motivated. Initial teacher education is the first stage in teachers’ career-long
FROM PROSPECTIVE TO
PREPARED TEACHER
professional development. It is a critical step for teachers to gain the knowledge,
A Global Study of Initial competencies, and skills they need for teaching and to formulate their professional
Teacher Education
By Laura Gregory, Kathryn Bullard, Michel Welmond,
identity and commitment to the field.
Anna Boni, Zid Mancenido, and Diego Luna Bazaldua

This report analyzes how primary school teachers are prepared across the world and
identifies lessons and guiding principles that can help improve the quality of teacher
preparation mechanisms. The case for investing in initial teacher education is presented.
The report explores issues around attracting and selecting strong candidates into initial
teacher education programs, as well as the content of impactful programs; the methods
of assuring quality; and the importance of aligning institutions for responsive, efficient,
and quality-driven teacher preparation.
June 2025. 150 pages.
Stock no. C212201
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2201-8). US$43.95

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 AFRICA

PATHWAYS TO PROSPERITY FOR ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN AFRICA

Edited by Kehinde Ajayi and Estelle Koussoubé

Africa stands at a crossroads, with its future prosperity hinging on the policy and
investment decisions it makes today. The continent has an opportunity to shape the
trajectories of generations to come by investing in the success of a pivotal population: its
adolescent girls. With over 145 million adolescent girls calling Africa home, the potential
for transformative change is immense. Yet challenges persist, from high rates of child
marriage to limited educational opportunities. Nearly half of African girls ages 15 to 19
are out of school or married or have children. How can African countries overcome these
challenges to ensure that adolescent girls enter adulthood empowered to thrive?

Pathways to Prosperity for Adolescent Girls in Africa offers a ground-breaking road map
for change. This landmark report outlines concrete, actionable policy recommendations;
provides a comprehensive review of evidence-based interventions; presents a data-
driven categorization of African countries to guide investments in adolescent girls; and
introduces an innovative framework for understanding and measuring adolescent girls’
empowerment. Drawing on extensive research and consultations with adolescent girls, December 2024. 262 pages.
policy makers, and practitioners, this report reveals that investing in adolescent girls can Stock no. C212061
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2061-8). US$43.95
yield a tenfold return in economic impact.

MIGRATION
Africa’s Untapped Potential
By Mohamed Abdel Jelil, Samik Adhikari, Quy-Toan Do, Heidi Kaila, Federica Marzo, Olive Nsababera, Ganesh Seshan,
and Maheshwor Shrestha

Migration in Africa is primarily driven by the search for economic opportunity, safety, and
security, as well as the need to escape environmental hardships. However, as Migration:
Africa’s Untapped Potential discusses, migration’s potential to uplift African livelihoods
remains largely unfulfilled. While nearly 15 percent of the world’s migrant population is
from Sub-Saharan Africa, fewer than 1 percent leave the continent, compared to around
5 percent from North Africa. Most Sub-Saharan African migrants move within Regional
Economic Communities, although destinations like North America and Gulf countries
are becoming more popular. Africa is also home to a quarter of the world’s refugees,
primarily hosted in neighboring countries.

Africa is now at a pivotal crossroads. With a rapidly growing young population facing
economic stagnation, conflict, and climate change, the continent’s workforce is expected
to increase by 600 million people by 2050, making up a third of the world’s youth.
In contrast, labor forces in high-income and upper-middle-income countries are set
to decline by 200 million. This “Great Demographic Divergence” opens a window of
opportunity for Africa to enhance its migration management systems. This report shows AFRICA DEVELOPMENT FORUM
March 2025. 116 pages.
that investing in these systems can better support migrants across the migration cycle, Stock no. C212168
from developing skills in demand domestically, regionally, and globally to ensuring (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2168-4). US$43.95

dignity and safety in transit or at their destination.

WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS In the U.S. phone +1 (800) 645 7247 • fax +1 (703) 661 1501 19
AFRICA

INEQUALITIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Multidimensional Perspectives and Future Challenges
By Anda David, Murray Leibbrandt, Vimal Ranchhod, and Rawane Yasser

Drawing evidence from recent research, this book focuses on the political economy of
inequality, social mobility, and climate change to provide an important contribution to
the research on inequality in Africa. It aims to understand socioeconomic inequalities,
as well as their determinants, evolution, and effects, and to identify public policies
that can address them, in the framework of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable
Development Goals. The book also highlights the importance of the African context in
the global inequality discussion, while pinpointing some of the crucial research gaps
on inequalities across the continent. It was written in close collaboration with the
African Center of Excellence for Inequality Research to ensure that the discussion of
inequalities is informed and driven by African researchers.

AFRICA DEVELOPMENT FORUM

January 2025. 292 pages.
Stock no. C212150
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2150-9). US$49.50

DIGITAL SKILLS FOR AFRICA

Building Capabilities for Global Competition and Local Innovation
By Alex Twinomugisha, Ekua Bentil, Robert Hawkins, and Yevgeniya Savchenko

With digital skills now essential to participate in the modern economy and data
becoming the new currency of growth, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) must act decisively to
prepare its large youth population for the digital age. This report advocates a dual-track
strategy: ensuring universal digital literacy while simultaneously accelerating advanced
DIGITAL SKILLS
FOR AFRICA
digital skills development. This approach recognizes that, while broad-based digital
Building Capabilities for Global literacy is essential for inclusive growth, Africa must also build advanced capabilities in
Competition and Local Innovation
artificial intelligence (AI), data science, and software development to drive innovation
By Alex Twinomugisha, Ekua Bentil, Robert Hawkins, and
Yevgeniya Savchenko
and economic transformation.

The analysis highlights both the urgency and opportunity for the region. SSA’s youth
population offers unprecedented potential for digital innovation, but only if the region
can rapidly develop both basic digital literacy and advanced technical capabilities. The
report provides a comprehensive roadmap for implementing this dual-track approach
June 2025. 130 pages.
through coordinated action from governments, educational institutions, industry
Stock no. C212203 partners, and development organizations to ensure SSA can participate in and help
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2203-2). US$43.95
shape the global digital economy.

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 EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

ROBOTS, AI, AND PLATFORMS

Changing Jobs in East Asia and Pacific
By the World Bank

New technologies—robots, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital platforms—are

affecting the relationship between growth and jobs by creating new tasks, enhancing
labor productivity, and displacing workers. Productivity gains from automation helped
create jobs for skilled workers in nonroutine manual and cognitive tasks in Indonesia,
Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. However, robots have displaced low-
skilled formal workers engaging in routine manual work. The share of workers potentially
exposed to AI is even larger than the share exposed to robots, even though East Asian
countries employ fewer people in cognitive task occupations than do advanced countries.

Digital platforms are encouraging participation in the labor force of marginalized

populations but also are inducing some formal sector workers to embrace a new digital
informality. While the evolution of technology is hard to predict, the region must equip
its people with deeper technical, digital, and soft skills that complement the new
technologies; facilitate capital mobility and worker mobility across sectors, occupations,
and space; remove factor price distortions that could lead to excessive automation; and
encourage social insurance for workers in the new digital informal economy. EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC
DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
April 2025. 150 pages.
Stock no. C212199
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2199-8). US$43.95

GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
Decarbonizing Development in East Asia and the Pacific
By the World Bank

East Asia is helping the rest of the world decarbonize and encouraging the domestic
adoption of renewables. However, there is an imbalance: even as the region’s innovation
and investment significantly improve global access to green technologies, its own
emissions continue to grow because of the reluctance to penalize carbon-intensive
technologies. The disparity between domestic supply and demand also spills over into
international trade, provoking measures that limit access to markets and technologies.
Deeper reform of the region’s own policies may foster greater international cooperation
on climate change, innovation, and trade in green goods.

EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
April 2025. 150 pages.
Stock no. C212198
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2198-1). US$43.95

WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS In the U.S. phone +1 (800) 645 7247 • fax +1 (703) 661 1501 21
EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

FIRM FOUNDATIONS OF GROWTH

Productivity and Digital Technologies in East Asia and Pacific
By the World Bank

In recent decades, economic growth in East Asia and the Pacific (EAP) surpassed that
in most other emerging market and developing economies, but this growth has been
driven primarily by capital accumulation rather than increases in productivity. Firms
are the protagonists of productivity growth. Some of the less productive firms in EAP
countries are beginning to catch up with the more productive ones. However, the most
productive firms in the region are not taking full advantage of new technologies and
are unable to achieve the productivity growth of leading global firms.

In digital manufacturing sectors such as electronics, between 2005 and 2015 the
productivity of the top 5 percent of firms globally increased 2.5 times faster than the
top firms in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam. Both incentives and
capacity are a problem. Incentives for firms to compete and innovate have been diluted
by explicit protection in services and implicit protection in goods. The capacity to
manage and innovate has been undermined by the inadequacy of skills. Using industrial
policies to improve incentives and capacity is constrained by limited fiscal resources
EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC and institutional capability. Instead, bold policy action to unleash competition, improve
DEVELOPMENT STUDIES infrastructure, and reform education could revitalize the region’s economy.
April 2025. 130 pages.
Stock no. C212200
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2200-1). US$43.95

SERVICES UNBOUND
Digital Technologies and Policy Reform in East Asia and Pacific
By the World Bank

Services are a new force for innovation, trade, and growth in East Asia and the Pacific.
The dramatic diffusion of digital technologies and partial policy reforms in services—
from finance, communication, and transport to retail, health, and education—are
transforming these economies. The result is higher productivity and changing jobs in the
services sector, as well as in the manufacturing sectors that use these services.

A region that has thrived through openness to trade and investment in manufacturing
still maintains innovation-inhibiting barriers to entry and competition in key services
sectors. Services Unbound: Digital Technologies and Policy Reform in East Asia
and Pacific makes the case for deeper domestic reforms and greater international
cooperation to unleash a virtuous cycle of increased economic opportunity and
enhanced human capacity that would power development in the region.

EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
December 2024. 172 pages.
Stock no. C212082
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2082-3). US$43.95

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 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

DATA FOR BETTER GOVERNANCE

Building Government Analytics Ecosystems in Latin America and the Caribbean
By Juan Francisco Santini, Flavia Sacco Capurro, Daniel Rogger, Timothy Lundy, Galileu Kim, Jorge de León Miranda, Serena Cocciolo, and
Chiara Casanova

Governments in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region face significant
developmental and institutional challenges, such as slowing growth, fiscal constraints,
and inefficiencies in the public sector. At the same time, governments have invested
significantly in government technologies (GovTech), making LAC a global pioneer in
management information systems (MISs). This creates an opportunity for governments
to leverage MIS data to strengthen the functioning of government and achieve
development goals—that is, government analytics.

This report provides a conceptual framework to assess and provide guidance on the
regional government analytics agenda and how to harvest the benefits of GovTech
investments. First, it examines how government analytics can inform policy making
and improve accountability and efficiency, drawing on survey data and successful
applications of government analytics. Next, it considers the enabling conditions for
government analytics, data infrastructure and analytical capabilities, and how to December 2024. 128 pages.
strengthen them. Finally, it provides practical guidance on how to holistically develop a Stock no. C212159
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2159-2). US$35.00
government analytics agenda.

COMPETITION AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA

AND THE CARIBBEAN
By Ekaterina Vostroknutova, James Sampi, Charl Joost, and Jorge Thompson Araujo

Competition is central to economic growth, but empirical evidence on how competition

affects productivity in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region is limited. This
study fills this gap with state-of-the-art empirical research. It draws on firm surveys in
the formal sector and domestic competition enforcement datasets in Chile, Colombia,
Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. It also presents new methodologies to measure the impact
of competition on productivity through the enforcement of competition laws and
import competition in the manufacturing, services, and information and communication
technology sectors.

Enforcing domestic competition increases firm productivity in the affected markets

and the value chains in Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay, while removing
local barriers to entry increases firm productivity in Peru. When looking at trade, only
a fraction of Chile’s most productive firms can respond to a sharp increase in imports
from China by increasing productivity or innovation efforts, highlighting the need for February 2025. 194 pages.
complementary policies during trade liberalization. Ensuring market contestability Stock no. C212081
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2081-6). US$43.5
is particularly important to enable firms to weather such shocks and create more
productive markets. However, complementary policies are also necessary to increase the
effectiveness of competition: innovation policies, including strengthening of managerial
capabilities, as well as policies that mitigate the impact of trade shocks through
education and worker re-skilling programs.
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 WORLD BANK COLLECTIONS

THE WORLD BANK PRODUCTIVITY PROJECT SERIES

Launched in 2017 with The Innovation Paradox, the eight volumes in this series represent frontier thinking on the measurement and
determinants of productivity for global policy makers.

Unleashing UNLEASHING PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH FIRM BRIDGING THE TECHNOLOGICAL DIVIDE:

Unleashing Productivity through Firm Financing

Productivity through
FINANCING
Bridging the
Technology Adoption by Firms in Developing

Bridging the Technological Divide

Firm Financing Technological Divide
Technology
Adoption by Firms
Countries
By Tatiana Didier and Ana Paula Cusolito
in Developing
Countries

Drawing from a newly constructed dataset of 2.5 million By Xavier Cirera, Diego Comin, and Marcio Cruz
private firms, this report presents novel evidence about
Didier • Cusolito

Technology is a key driver of economic development.

Tatiana Didier and Ana Paula Cusolito
the productivity gains developing countries can obtain by Xavier Cirera
Diego Comin
Marcio Cruz
However, the extent to which firms adopt and use
removing financial distortions and fostering efficient and technologies and to what purpose is poorly understood.
inclusive financial markets. From a technological standpoint, firms largely remain black
boxes. This report proposes a new approach to measure
and understand the adoption and use of technologies by
November 2024. 150 pages. Stock no. C211939 firms.
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-1939-1). US$43.95
July 2022. 240 pages. Stock no. C211826
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-1826-4). US$49.50

Place, Productivity, PLACE, PRODUCTIVITY, AND PROSPERITY: At Your Service? AT YOUR SERVICE? The Promise of Services-Led
Place, Productivity, and Prosperity

The Promise of Services-Led Development

and Prosperity
Revisiting Spatially Targeted Policies for Regional Development
At Your Service?

Development
By Gaurav Nayyar, Mary Hallward-Driemeier, and Elwyn
By Arti Grover, Somik Lall, and William Maloney Davies
This book develops a framework for thinking through Considering technological change and linkages between
Nayyar • Hallward-Driemeier • Davies

Revisiting Spatially Targeted Policies

Gaurav Nayyar, Mary Hallward-Driemeier, and Elwyn Davies

spatially targeted policies and assessing their social value, sectors while differentiating across types of services, this
for Regional Development
Arti Grover, Somik V. Lall, and William F. Maloney

while presenting new evidence on key empirical issues. book assesses the scope of a services-driven development
model and policy directions that maximize its potential.
March 2022. 262 pages. Stock no. C211670 October 2021. 312 pages. Stock no. C211671
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-1670-3). US$48.50 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1671-0). US$48.50

Harvesting Prosperity HARVESTING PROSPERITY: Technology and HIGH-GROWTH FIRMS: Facts, Fiction, and Policy
Productivity Growth in Agriculture Options for Emerging Economies

By Keith Fuglie, Madhur Gautam, Aparajita Goyal, and By Arti Grover Goswami, Denis Medvedev, and Ellen Olafsen
William F. Maloney This volume presents new evidence on the incidence,
This book documents frontier knowledge on the drivers of characteristics, and drivers of high-growth firms in
Technology and Productivity
Growth in Agriculture agriculture productivity to derive pragmatic policy advice developing countries, focusing on the extraordinary abilities
of these firms to create jobs and output, as well as the
Keith Fuglie, Madhur Gautam, Aparajita Goyal, and William F. Maloney

for governments and development partners on reducing

poverty and boosting shared prosperity. fragility of high-growth episodes and policy options to
reinforce them.
November 2019. 268 pages. Stock no. C211393
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-1393-1). US$49.95 February 2019. 190 pages. Stock no. C211368
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-1368-9). US$45.00

PRODUCTIVITY REVISITED: Shifting Paradigms THE INNOVATION PARADOX: Developing-

in Analysis and Policy Country Capabilities and the Unrealized Promise of
Technological Catch-Up
By Ana Paula Cusolito and William F. Maloney
Productivity Revisited argues for an integrated approach By Xavier Cirera and William F. Maloney
to productivity analysis that incorporates both the need to This book explores the “innovation paradox” in developing
reduce economic distortions and to generate the human countries, revealing how weak firm capabilities and
capital capable of identifying the opportunities offered to insufficient complementary investments limit the returns
follower countries and upgrade firm capabilities. on innovation. Using new data, it highlights the need to
shift policies from R&D-focused approaches to building
December 2018. 200 pages. Stock no. C211334 firm managerial capabilities and strengthening National
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-1334-4). US$39.95 Innovation Systems to drive productivity growth.
October 2017. 214 pages. Stock no. C211160
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-1160-9). US$39.95

24 [Link]/publications • books@[Link] WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS

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WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS BESTSELLERS

WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS BESTSELLERS

Discover the best-selling publications from the World Bank over the past years, listed in no particular order.

WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2024 GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS, JUNE

The Middle-Income Trap 2024
The report identifies principles for growth to enable middle- Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group flagship report
income countries to transition to high-income countries, applying that examines global economic developments and prospects, with
a framework that proposes how the forces of creation (from a special focus on emerging market and developing economies.
both entrants and incumbent firms), destruction (of outdated GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS
arrangements), and preservation (of existing norms and institutions) July 2024. 194 pages. Stock no. C212058
can be balanced to speed up progress. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2058-8). US$49.50.
WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT
October 2024. 272 pages. Stock no. C212078
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2078-6). US$54.95.

IMPACT EVALUATION IN PRACTICE, CYBERSECURITY ECONOMICS FOR

SECOND EDITION EMERGING MARKETS
By Paul J. Gertler, Sebastian Martinez, Patrick Premand, Laura B. By Estefania Vergara Cobos
Rawlings, and Christel M. J. Vermeersch As one of the pioneering works in this field, this book examines
The second edition of the Impact Evaluation in Practice handbook is thousands of cyber incidents in the past decade, uncovering
a comprehensive and accessible introduction to impact evaluation the threat landscape across nations and the economic and
for policy makers and development practitioners. developmental ramifications. With an evidence-based approach, it
September 2016. 364 pages. Stock no. C210779 offers actionable policy recommendations aimed to bring efficiency
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-0779-4). US$45.00. into cybersecurity approaches.
October 2024. 128 pages. Stock no. C212120
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2120-2). US$43.95.

STRATEGIC INVESTMENT FOR HEALTH WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW

SYSTEM RESILIENCE 2024
A Three-Layer Framework Women, Business and the Law (WBL) is a World Bank Group project
Edited by Feng Zhao, Rialda Kovacevic, David Bishai, and Jeff
measuring the laws and regulations that restrict women’s economic
Weintraub opportunity. WBL informs research and policy discussions about the
state of women’s economic empowerment and emphasizes the
As countries consider how they will invest in essential work still to be done to ensure equality of opportunity for all.
improvements to their defenses against future health threats, this
book proposes a three-layer investment framework approach for WOMEN, BUSINESS AND THE LAW
the most effective use of their resources. April 2024. 178 pages. Stock no. C212063
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2063-2). US$43.95.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES
August 2024. 198 pages. Stock no. C212116
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2116-5). US$43.95.

ADVANCING CLOUD AND DATA THE LABOR MARKET IMPACT OF

INFRASTRUCTURE MARKETS FORCED DISPLACEMENT
Strategic Directions for Low- and Middle- Jobs in Host Communities in Colombia,
Income Countries Ethiopia, Jordan, and Uganda
By Natalija Gelvanovska-Garcia, Vaiva Mačiulė, and Carlo Maria By Jan von der Goltz, Kirsten Schuettler, Julie Bousquet, and
Rossotto Tewodros Aragie Kebede
This report analyzes the transformative opportunities and When refugees arrive, host communities often worry what will
challenges associated with developing robust cloud and data happen to their jobs. While some may face losses, others find that
infrastructure markets in low- and middle-income economies. new opportunities open up in host communities. This study looks
SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
at four developing countries to show who wins and who loses,
how refugees and hosts interact, and what policies can support
July 2024. 160 pages. Stock no. C212065
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2065-6). US$43.95.
better jobs for both.
July 2024. 320 pages. Stock no. C212041
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2041-0). US$54.95.

26 [Link]/publications • books@[Link] WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS

 WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS BESTSELLERS

THE PATH TO 5G IN THE DEVELOPING TEN THOUSAND STEPS IN HER SHOES

WORLD The Role of Public Transport in Women’s
Planning Ahead for a Smooth Transition Economic Empowerment
This report surveys the technical capabilities of 5G and explores By Muneeza Mehmood Alam and Lisa Bagnoli
how it can help countries reach connectivity goals and broader This report illuminates public transport’s role in women’s access to
development objectives by using 5G as a layer of connectivity economic opportunities in select MENA cities. It examines the links
alongside 4G and other modalities. It provides a guide for planning among mobility, gender, and access to economic opportunities, as
a policy and regulatory ecosystem to support infrastructure well as provides evidence of gender differences in mobility patterns
deployment and adoption. and travel behavior and the barriers and challenges women face.
SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE MENA DEVELOPMENT REPORT
July 2024. 144 pages. Stock no. C211604 July 2024. 112 pages. Stock no. C212091
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-1604-8). US$48.50. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2091-5). US$43.95.

THE BUSINESS OF THE STATE HANDBOOK ON POVERTY AND

Governments actively participate in commercial markets in different INEQUALITY
forms, from controlling the production of goods and services to By Jonathan Haughton and Shahidur R. Khandker
investing in firms as a minority shareholder. This report uses new
For anyone wanting to learn, in practical terms, how to measure,
evidence to understand the impacts of these different ownership
describe, monitor, evaluate, and analyze poverty, this handbook is
arrangements across sectors and institutional settings.
the place to start.
December 2023. 204 pages. Stock no. C211998
March 2009. 442 pages. Stock no. C17613
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-1998-8). US$43.95.
(ISBN: 978-0-8213-7613-3). US$39.95.

DIGITAL OPPORTUNITIES IN AFRICAN WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2023

BUSINESSES Migrants, Refugees, and Societies
Edited by Marcio Cruz How can cross-border mobility be managed in a manner that is
The International Finance Corporation identifies how shortfalls in beneficial to all? The World Development Report 2023 shifts from
African firms’ adoption and use of digital technologies prevent them a narrow focus on labor markets for migrants and legal protection
from realizing their full potential and how the private sector can for refugees to a more holistic perspective—one that recognizes
help resolve the region’s “incomplete digitalization,” harnessing the the humanity of migrants and the complexity of the societies of
investment opportunities it presents. origin and destination.
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION RESEARCH SERIES WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT
May 2024. 210 pages. Stock no. C212088 July 2023. 344 pages. Stock no. C211941
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2088-5). US$43.95. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1941-4). US$49.50.

IMPACT EVALUATION IN GREENING NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Theory, Methods, and Practice Trends, Lessons Learned, and Ways Forward
By Paul Glewwe and Petra Todd By Emma Dalhuijsen, Eva Gutierrez, Tatsiana Kliatskova, Rachel
This book provides a comprehensive exposition on how to conduct Mok, and Martijn Gert Jan Regelink
impact evaluations. It covers both randomized controlled trials and National Development Financial Institutions (NDFIs) are crucial
nonexperimental methods (such as difference-in-differences and in mobilizing investments for climate and environmental (C&E)
matching methods) and also provides extensive practical advice for objectives. NDFIs also must manage C&E-related financial risks. This
conducting impact evaluations. report distills insights and guidance to provide recommendations
March 2022. 422 pages. Stock no. C211497 for greening NDFIs.
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-1497-6). US$59.95. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS
March 2024. 94 pages. Stock no. C212031
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2031-1). US$41.95.
HANDBOOK ON IMPACT EVALUATION
Quantitative Methods and Practices
By Shahidur R. Khandker, Gayatri B. Koolwal, and Hussain A.
Samad
Public programs are designed to reach certain goals and beneficiaries.
Methods to understand whether such programs actually work, as
well as the level and nature of impacts on intended beneficiaries,
are main themes of this book.
October 2009. 260 pages. Stock no. C18028
(ISBN: 978-0-8213-8028-4). US$49.95.

WORLD BANK PUBLICATIONS In the U.S. phone +1 (800) 645 7247 • fax +1 (703) 661 1501 27
INDEX

Africa in the 21st Century................................................ 4 Migration...................................................................... 19

Business Ready 2024................................................... 10 Nature’s Paradox.......................................................... 16

Competition and Productivity Growth in Latin America Pathways to Prosperity for Adolescent Girls in Africa... 19
and the Caribbean........................................................23

Poverty, Prosperity, and Planet Report 2024................. 11

Cybersecurity Economics for Emerging Markets...........14

Reclaiming the Lost Century of Growth.......................... 7

Data for Better Governance..........................................23

Rethinking Resilience....................................................12
Digital Skills for Africa...................................................20

Disease Control Priorities, Fourth Edition (Volume 1).... 15 Robots, AI, and Platforms..............................................21

Financing Firm Growth...................................................17 Services Unbound.........................................................22

Firm Foundations of Growth.........................................22 State of Social Protection Report 2024..........................14

From Prospective to Prepared Teacher.........................18 The Journey Ahead.........................................................8

2025 Global Findex and ConnDX Databases.................12 The Nurturing State........................................................6

Global Economic Prospects, January 2025.....................1

The State of Economic Inclusion Report 2024...............13

Greater Heights..............................................................5
The Transformative Power of Tertiary Education in
Developing Countries....................................................18
Green Technologies.......................................................21

Unleashing Productivity through Firm Financing...........17

Inequalities in Sub-Saharan Africa................................20

International Debt Report 2024.....................................13 Water for Shared Prosperity......................................... 16

Investment Framework for Nutrition 2024................... 15 Women, Business and the Law 2025..............................2

Leveling the Playing Field............................................... 3 World Development Report 2024...................................9

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