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Importance of Thermodynamics in Systems

The document discusses the principles of thermodynamics and their importance in predicting efficiency, feasibility of processes, and thermal management in systems. It explains concepts such as state and path functions, internal energy, and the limitations of the first law of thermodynamics, while introducing the second law and the concept of entropy. Additionally, it covers chemical potential and its role in driving chemical systems to equilibrium.

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129 views100 pages

Importance of Thermodynamics in Systems

The document discusses the principles of thermodynamics and their importance in predicting efficiency, feasibility of processes, and thermal management in systems. It explains concepts such as state and path functions, internal energy, and the limitations of the first law of thermodynamics, while introducing the second law and the concept of entropy. Additionally, it covers chemical potential and its role in driving chemical systems to equilibrium.

Uploaded by

Susssy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHEMISTRY

CH 10001

Thermodynamics & Equilibrium

Dr. Venkateswara Rao Mundlapati


Chemistry Department, School of Applied Sciences
Campus-3, Faculty block, 2nd Floor
[Link]@[Link]
Introduction
Importance of Thermodynamics
1. Efficiency Prediction
Thermodynamics lies in its ability to predict the maximum efficiency of various heat engines
and maximum work obtainable from a given fuel. Thermodynamics plays a vital role in
optimizing the power consumption of computer systems.

2. Feasibility of Prediction
Thermodynamics helps us to predict the feasibility of physical or chemical process under a
given set of conditions

3. Thermal Management
Computer systems generate heat during their operation, and excessive heat can lead to
performance degradation and even damage to the components. Thermodynamics helps in the
design and implementation of efficient cooling systems to dissipate the heat generated by
electronic devices.
Open System

Closed System
Isobaric

Pressure
Volume
Path Function in Thermodynamics State Function in Thermodynamics

➢ A property whose value doesn’t depend on the


path taken to reach that specific value is known as
a state function or point function.

➢ For example, Density, Pressure, Volume, Mass, Energy,


Gibb’s free energy, Enthalpy, Entropy

➢ A thermodynamic property that depends on the path between the initial and final state is known as the
path function. The path functions depend on the path taken or covered between two (initial and final)
states.

➢ For example, work and heat.


Sign convention for Work

ΔW < 0 ΔW > 0
Internal Energy

The Change in internal energy can be written as


ΔE = q + w ΔE is an extensive property

Where, q is the energy transferred to it by heating, w is the energy


transferred to the system by doing work
Limitations of First law of Thermodynamics:

Second law of Thermodynamics:


The second law of thermodynamics explains the spontaneity of various reactions processes.
It introduces the concept of ‘entropy’ or ‘disorder’ or ‘randomness’ to predict the
spontaneous occurrence of chemical reactions.
isochoric
Entropy of Mixing Numerical
-
-

-
(2)

(2)
+
Van’t Hoff’s Isotherm: Numerical
1

2
• By definition the chemical potential of a given substance is the change in free energy of the system produced on addition of
one mole of the substance at constant temperature and pressure to a large bulk of the mixture so that its composition does
not undergo any change.
• It is an intensive property and it may be regarded as the force which drives the chemical system to equilibrium.
• At equilibrium the chemical potential of the substance in the system must have the same value through the system. In other
words, the matter flows spontaneously from a region of high chemical potential to low chemical potential.
• The chemical potential may also be regarded as the escaping tendency of that system. Greater the chemical potential of a
system greater will be its escaping tendency.
Thank you

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