MIT Academy of Engineering , Alandi, Pune

School of Mechanical Engineering

Course -: ME361 Computational Fluid

Dynamics
Topic -: Jet Impingement on a hot Plate

Members Date -: 6th May 2024

1) Sanskar Naik -: 202101090109
2) Parees Palkar -: 202101090030 Faculty -: Prof Rahul. A. Patil
Table of Contents
• Introduction

• Problem Definition

• Pre-Processing

• Solver Setup

• Post-Processing

• Validation

• Grid Independent Test

• Application’s

• Limitations

• Conclusion

• References
 Introduction

• To perform CFD analysis of jet impingement on a hot

plate

• This phenomenon finds widespread use in cooling

electronic devices

• CFD plays an important role in the cooling of the plate,

Fig.1.1 -: Flow regions of impinging Jet

 Problem Definition
“ CFD analysis of Impact of jet on a hot plate and analyze
the heat transfer”
 Objective

• To Study the heat transfer characteristics of Jet impingement on the hot plate.

• To analytically validate our CFD results

• Plot the temperature profile for flat plate to interpret the temperature variation of plate for
temperature distribution analysis
 Pre processing

• Governing Equation used in this problem statement are momentum and energy equation
in their reduced form

• Momentum Equation • Energy Equation

𝜕𝐮 𝐮 ⋅ ∇ 𝑇 = 𝑘∇2𝑇
𝜌 + 𝑢. ∇ u = −∇P
𝜕𝑡 Where,
Where, •T is the temperature.
•ρ is the fluid density. •k is the thermal conductivity of the fluid.
•𝑢 is the fluid velocity vector.
•p is the pressure.
•∇ is the gradient operator.
𝜕𝐮
• denotes the partial derivative
𝜕𝑡
with respect to time.
 Geometry

• The Geometrical Dimensions are as follows

10 mm

60 mm
Nozzle

15 mm

10 mm Heated Plate

Fig.3.1 Geometrical Dimensions

Mesh Generation

Volumetric Mesh Surface Mesh

Fig.4.1 Volumetric Mesh Fig.4.2 Surface Mesh

 Mesh Properties and Named Selections
Table 5.1 Properties of the Mesh
Outlet Property Value
Size of the mesh 15.00 mm
Hot Plate
Type Unstructured Mesh

Additional Properties Face and Edge Meshing

Inlet Number of nodes 27471

Number of Elements 114701

Skewness 0.9
Transition ratio 0.272

Maximum size 16.168 mm

Fig.5.1 Named Selection of Geometry
Maximum layers 5
 Material Properties

• The flat plate used for the application is made up of aluminum the properties of
aluminum and our fluid i.e. air is as follows -:

• Air Density -: 1.78 kg /m3 at 26.5 degree Celsius and 1atm pressure
• Air Specific Weight –: 11.55 N/m3 at 26.5 degree Celsius and 1 atm pressure
• Aluminum Specific Heat Capacity –: 167 W/m-k
• Specific Heat Capacity -: 0.896 J/g degree Celsius
• Heat Flux Provided -: 6000 W/m2
Boundary Conditions (Viscous Model)

• For the Viscous Model

the standard K-epsilon
Model is selected for planer
shear layer and recirculating
flow

• For wall functions , the

standard wall functions for
accurate solution and
description of flow near
walls.

Fig. 6.1 Viscous model application

Boundary Conditions

• Fluid Considered for the

simulation is “Air” (Standard)

• Gravity Considerations for this

problem are not considered

• The velocity of fluid is taken to

be 10 m/s

• The heat flux value for the plate

is taken as 6000 W/m2
Fig. 7.1 Momentum and Heat flux application
Solver inputs and Convergence Criteria

• The solver used for this problem is

steady state

• The Flow here is Turbulent due to

Reynolds number -: 6756.91

• The type of initialization is hybrid

• The number of iterations kept are

300

• Convergence is achieved after

139 Iterations
Fig.8.1 Convergence Criteria achieved
 Post Processing

• After the solver settings and calculation activities are completed we will be now
progressing towards our post-processing part that is conducted on CFD-Post

Fig.9.1 Velocity Streamlines Fig.9.2 Increment in velocity in the channel section

 Post Processing

Fig.9.3 Pressure Contour of the impinging jet on Fig.9.4 the velocity surface streamlines to check
the plate re-circulation
 Post Processing

Fig.9.4 Temperature distribution around the plate Fig.9.5 Temperature Distribution on the plate in
in [K] [K]
 Validation

• The CFD-simulation are worthless if they are not analyzed or matched with either
experimental or analytical data .

• For our case we are developing analytical calculation for the validation of our data

• For analysis we are considering the parameter “Heat transfer co-efficient” i.e. “h”
distribution around the flat plate

Validation

Ansys Fluent Analytical Calculation

 Validation (Analytical Data)

• Due to convective heat transfer occurring in the jet impingement , the heat transfer co-efficient can be
calculated using convective heat transfer equation i.e. and the fluid used is air

𝑞 = ℎ𝐴𝛥𝑇
Where,
• q = heat flux (W/m2) • Adding the suitable values for the
calculation of h
• A= heat transfer surface area

• Twall = wall temperature • The Value of h is = 134.129 W/m2K

• Tref = ambient temperature

 Validation (CFD Results)

• The heat transfer co-efficient obtained

from ANSYS-Fluent is 137.789
W/m2K

• The percentage error in the simulation

is 2.73 %

Fig.10.1 Surface heat transfer co-efficient

Grid Independence Test

Fig.11 Grid Independence Test

 Application’s

• Aerospace Industry -: Cooling of aerospace components like rocket nozzle and spacecraft thermal
protection

• Material Processing -: Jet impingement is also used in manufacturing processes like laser cutting and
welding

• Food Processing Industry -: used for rapid cooling or heating of food products

• Electronic Cooling -: Rapid Cooling of CPU chips

• HVAC Systems -: By imparting the high velocity jets on heat exchanger plates the heat transfer
co-efficient is increased helpful for compact design
 Limitations of this study

• Boundary Conditions

• Assumptions and Simplifications

• Computational Resources

• Numerical Errors
 Conclusion

• The simulation provides insights into heat transfer from a jet impingement onto a hot plate, aiding
in thermal management optimization.

• It considers convective heat transfer, analyzing temperature distribution along the plate for various
industrial application

• Limitations include simplifications in boundary conditions, assumptions about material properties,

and potential numerical errors.

• All objectives expected in the initial part are achieved

 References

[1] Zhiqiang Guo, XiaoFeng Guo, Qian Yang, Wei Dong. 5 January [Link] transfer characteristics of
unexpanded jet impingement in piccolo hot air anti-icing chamber
[2] Guoxing Chen a, Guoqiang Zhang a, Bjarne Bjerg b, Poul Pedersen c, Torben Jensen d, Li Rong a. May
[Link] investigation on a novel pen partition-attached jet air supply for mitigating heat stress among lactating
sows.
[3] Jian Zhang a b, Qing Chen a b, Jian Liu b, Yan Wang c, Hongping Zhou a b, Fengbo Yang a b, Yu Ru a
[Link] [Link] and CFD simulation of downwash airflow and fog distribution discharged from a
single-rotor UAV fitted with a pulse-jet thermal fogging machine.
[4] Hong-Liang Zhang a, Jun-Hao Chen a, Yi He b, Wei-Wei Wang a, Jin Shang a, Fu-Yun Zhao a c.1 October
[Link] wall-attached multidirectional jets: Mathematical formulation, CFD modeling and experimental
validation.
[5] Nilesh Kumar Sharma a, Satish Kumar Dewangan a, Pankaj Kumar Gupta b.3 February [Link] analysis
of slurry jet behavior after striking the target surface and effect of solid particle concentration on jet flow
Thank You
 Appendix-I

To check the accuracy and variance in the solution we also have simulated for fluid that is water

Fluid -: Water (H2O)

• Analytical • CFD

The heat flux value by calculating The heat flux value received using
analytically is 498.334 W/m2K fluent is 505.05087 W/m2K

• The percent error is 1.34 %

Appendix-I

Fig.1 Temperature distribution along the plate surface

Appendix-I

• Velocity Streamlines for Air as a fluid

Appendix-I

• Velocity Streamlines for water as a fluid