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Voltage Division Rule in Series Circuits

The document outlines the Voltage Division Rule, which states that the voltage across a resistor in a series circuit is proportional to its resistance, and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law, which asserts that the total voltage around a closed loop is zero. Experimental results showed that the measured voltages and equivalent resistance closely matched theoretical values, confirming the validity of the Voltage Division Rule with minimal errors. The experiment utilized a Digital Multimeter and highlighted minor discrepancies due to component tolerances and measurement precision.

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41 views4 pages

Voltage Division Rule in Series Circuits

The document outlines the Voltage Division Rule, which states that the voltage across a resistor in a series circuit is proportional to its resistance, and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law, which asserts that the total voltage around a closed loop is zero. Experimental results showed that the measured voltages and equivalent resistance closely matched theoretical values, confirming the validity of the Voltage Division Rule with minimal errors. The experiment utilized a Digital Multimeter and highlighted minor discrepancies due to component tolerances and measurement precision.

Uploaded by

fmojo541
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

[Link] the voltage division rule.

The Voltage Division Rule states that the voltage across a resistor in a series circuit is
proportional to its [Link] can be expressed as
Rx
v1= *V total
R total
V x are voltage across the resistor R x.V total are Total voltage applied across the series circuit.
R x are resistance of the component for which voltage is being calculated. Rtotal are resistance
of the component for which voltage is being calculated.

[Link] the kirchhoff’s voltage low.

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around any closed
loop in an electrical circuit is always equal to zero. This means that the total voltage supplied
in a loop is completely consumed by the voltage drops across the circuit components,
ensuring energy conservation. KVL is widely used in circuit analysis, particularly in Mesh
Analysis, to determine unknown voltages and currents in complex electrical networks.

3. Using the Voltage Division Rule, the voltage across each resistor is:

3.3 k∗15 v
V R 1=
3.3 k +4.7 K +5.5 K
=3.67v
4.7 k∗15 v
V R 2=
3.3 k +4.7 K +5. 5 K
=5.22v
5.5 k∗15 v
V R 3=
3.3 k +4.7 K +5.5 K
=6.11v

Compare with Experimental Values

15−15
V x= ∗100 %
15
=0%

3.67−3.60
V R 1= ∗100 %
3.67
=1.91%

5.22−5.21
V R 2= ∗100 %
5.22
=0.19%

6.11−6.18
V R 3= ∗100 %
6.11
=1.15%
According to KVL, the sum of all voltage drops across components in a closed loop must be
equal to the applied voltage
Here V s =15v and V R 1+V R 2+V R 3=14.99
So V s ≈ V R 1+V R 2+V R 3

So it follow KVL

4.

( 4.7 k +5.5 K )∗15


V Ab=
3.3 k + 4.7 K +5.5 K
=11.33v
Error ,
Experimental result=11.39

11.33−11.39
V Ab= *100%
11.33
=0.52%
Compare with experimental result we get 0.52% error which is ok

Since the error is very small, the experimental results confirm the theoretical calculation. This
verifies that the Voltage Division Rule holds at terminal a-b within an acceptable margin of
error, likely due to minor variations in component tolerances or measurement accuracy.

5.

Req =(3.3+5.5+4.7)
=13.6kΩ

Experimental Req =13.4 kΩ


13.6−1 3.4
V Ab= *100%
13.6

=1.47%

Discussion : In this experiment, we examined the voltage division rule in a series circuit
using a Digital Multimeter (DMM), a breadboard, and connecting wires. We measured
resistances using both color coding and the DMM, observing slight discrepancies due to
component tolerances and potential faulty resistors, with percentage errors remaining
minimal, the highest being 2.51%. The experimental voltage values closely matched
theoretical values, confirming the voltage division rule, with small percentage errors ranging
from 0.19% to 1.91%, likely caused by DMM precision and loose connections. Additionally,
the total voltage rise from the source and the sum of voltage drops across the resistors were
nearly equal, further validating the accuracy of our results. The experimental equivalent
resistance (13.4KΩ) closely matched the theoretical value (13.5KΩ), and the measured
voltage (Vab=11.39V) was nearly identical to the theoretical value (Vab=11.33V), with only
a 0.53% error. These minor discrepancies were due to practical limitations such as resistor
tolerances and measurement precision, but they were insignificant and expected in real-world
experiments. Overall, the experiment successfully demonstrated that the voltage division rule
holds for series circuits, with results aligning well with theoretical predictions.

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