10

Mathematics
Second Quarter
Module 9: Applying the
Distance Formula to Prove
Some Geometric Properties
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII-CENTRAL VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SIQUIJOR

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 10
Mathematics
Second Quarter
Module 9: Applying the
Distance Formula to Prove
Some Geometric Properties
 INTRODUCTION

This module is written in the support of the K to 12 Basic Education Program of

ensure attainment of standards expected of you as a learner.

This aims to equip you with essential knowledge on the different terms related to
circles such as chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribed angles.

This includes the following activities and tasks:

 Expected Learning Outcome- This lays out the learning outcome that you are
expected to have accomplished at the end of the module.

 Pre-test- This determines your prior learning on the particular lesson you are
about to take.

 Discussion of the Lesson- This provides you the important knowledge,

principles and attitude that will help you meet the expected learning outcome.

 Learning Activities- These provide you with the application of the knowledge
and principles you have gained from the lesson and enable you to further
enhance your skills as you carried out prescribed tasks.

 Post- tests- This evaluates your overall understanding about the module

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find this material
engaging and challenging as it develops your critical thinking skills.
 What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 apply the distance formula to prove some geometric properties.

What I Know
Find out how much you already know about this module. Choose the letter
that you think best answers each of the following questions. Write answers
in your assessment notebook.

1. Which of the following represents the distance d between the two points
(x1, y1) and (x2, y2)?

a. d=√(x2 + x1)2 + (y2 + y1)2 c. d=√ (x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2

b. d=√(x2 + x1)2 - (y2 + y1)2 d. d=√(x2 - x1)2 - (y2 - y1)2

2. A map is drawn on a grid where 1 unit is equivalent to 1 km. On the same

map, the coordinates of the point corresponding to San Vicente is (4, 9).
Suppose San Vicente is 13 km away from San Luis. Which of the following
could be the coordinates of the point corresponding to San Luis?
a. (-13, 0) b. (16, 4) c. (4, 16) d. (0, 13)

3. What are the coordinates of the midpoint of a segment whose endpoints

are (-1, -3) and (11, 7)?
a. (2, 5) b. (6, 5) c. (-5, -2) d. (5, 2)

4. A new transmission tower will be put up midway between two existing

towers. On a map drawn on a coordinate plane, the coordinates of the first
existing tower are (–5, –3) and the coordinates of the second existing tower
are (9,13). What are the coordinates of the point where the new tower will
be placed?
a. (2, 5) b. (7, 8) c. (4, 10) d. (14, 16)

5. What proof uses figures on a coordinate plane to prove geometric

properties?
a. indirect proof b. coordinate proof
c. direct proof d. two-column proof

6. The coordinates of the vertices of a square are H(3, 8), I(15, 8), J(15, –4),
and K(3, –4). What is the length of a diagonal of the square?
a. 4 b. 8 c. 12 d. 12√2
7. The coordinates of the vertices of a triangle are T(–1, –3), O(7, 5), and
P(7, –2). What is the length of the segment joining the midpoint of OT and
P?
a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. √7

8. What figure is formed when the points A(3, 7), B(11, 10), C(11, 5), and
D(3, 2) are connected consecutively?
a. parallelogram b. square c. trapezoid d. rectangle

9. In the parallelogram below, what are the coordinates of Q?

a. (a, b+c) b. (a+b,c) c. (a-b,c) d. (a,b-c)

10. P and Q are midpoints of the chords ST and UV respectively. Find the
distance between P and Q.
a. 4 units c. 6 units
b. 2 units d. 3 units

11. ABCD is a rectangle. Z is a point of intersection of the diagonals. Find the

length of CD.
a. 4 units c. 6 units
b. 2 units d. 3 units

12. A point (0,t) is equidistant from the points U(3,2) and V(3,-4). Find the
value of t.
a. 2 c. 4
b. -2 d. -1
 What’s In
A. Use the number line below to find the length of each of the following
segments and then answer the questions that follow.

1. AB 4. DE
2. BC 5. EF
3. CD 6. FG

Questions:

1. How did you find the length of each segment?

2. Did you use the coordinates of the points in finding the length of each
segment? If yes, how?
3. Which segments are congruent? Why?
4. How would you relate the lengths of the following segments?
d.1) AB, BC and AC d.2) AC, CE, and AE

5. Is the length of AD the same as the length of DA? How about BF and FB?

Explain your answer.

B. The length of one side of each right triangle below is unknown. Determine the
length of this side. Explain how you obtained your answer.
 What’s New
Use the situation below to answer the questions that follow.

Jose lives 5 km away from the plaza. Every Saturday, he meets Emilio and Diego for
a morning exercise. In going to the plaza, Emilio has to travel 6 km to the west while
Diego has to travel 8 km to the south. The location of their houses and the plaza are
illustrated on the coordinate plane as shown below.

1. How far is Emilio’s house from Diego’s house? Explain your answer.
2. Suppose the City Hall is 4 km north of Jose’s house. How far is it from the
plaza? from Emilio’s house? Explain your answer.
3. How far is the gasoline station from Jose’s house if it is km south of Emilio’s
house? Explain your answer.
4. What are the coordinates of the points corresponding to the houses of Jose,
Emilio, and Diego? How about the coordinates of the point corresponding to
the plaza?
5. If the City Hall is km north of Jose’s house, what are the coordinates of the
point corresponding to it? How about the coordinates of the point
corresponding to the gasoline station if it is km south of Emilio’s house?
6. How are you going to use the coordinates of the points in determining the
distance between Emilio’s house and the City Hall? Jose’s house and the
gasoline station? The distances of the houses of Jose, Emilio, and Diego from
each other? Explain your answer.
 What Is It
From the given situation, the distance from Emilio’s house to Diego’s house is
10 km. This is solved by applying the Pythagorean theorem. That is, 6 2 + 82= c2; c=
10 km. The city hall and the plaza are 3 km apart. The distance from City hall (0,4) to
Plaza (3,4) = 0-3 = 3. The distance from the City Hall to Emilio’s house is 9 km. The
distance from City hall (0,4) to Emilio’s house (9,4) = 0-9 = 9. The distance from
Jose’s house (0,0) to Gasoline Station (9,0) = 0-9 = 9 km.
The coordinates of the points corresponding to the houses Jose, Emilio, and
Diego, plaza, City Hall and gasoline station are:

Jose’s house -(0,0) Diego’s house- (3,12)

Emilio’s house- (9,4) Plaza- (3,4)
The City hall- (0,4) Gasoline Station- (9,0)

Determining the distances between Emilio’s house and the City Hall, Jose’s house
and the gasoline station are solved by finding the absolute value of the difference of
the coordinates of the points corresponding to Emilio’s house and the City Hall and
Jose’s house and the Gasoline Station, respectively

Distance from Emilio’s house (9,4) to City Hall (0,4) = 0-9 = 9

Answer: 9 km

Distance from Jose’s house (0,0) to Gasoline Station (9,0) = 9-0 = 9

Answer: 9 km

The distances of the houses of Jose, Emilio, and Diego from each other can be
determined by applying the Pythagorean Theorem. Jose’s house 0,0  to Emilio’s
house 9,4 .

Vocabulary

1. A coordinate proof- is proof that uses figures on a coordinate plane to prove

geometric properties and uses technique that may include
the distance formula, midpoint formula and slope formula
in completing the proof
2. Distance formula:
d=√(x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2 where: x1 = x-coordinate of point 1
y1 = y-coordinate of point 1
x2 = x-coordinate of point 2
y2 = y-coordinate of point 2

Use when we are given two points (x,y) and need to find the length or distance
between these points.
Example 1. Find the distance between (2,5) and (-2,2).

d=√(x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2

d= √
d= √
d= √ 16 + 9
d= √25
d= 5 units

Example 2. How far is point A(3,1) from point B(-3,-5)?

d=√(x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2
d=√
d=√
d=√ 64 + 16
d=√ 80
d≈ 8.94 units

3. Midpoint formula: The midpoint of the line segment with endpoint coordinates
( x1, y1) and (y1, y2) is
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
M= ,
2 2

Use when we are given two points (x,y) and need to find the midpoint of these
points. We also use midpoint formula to find the bisector of 2 lines.

Example 1. What is the midpoint of points C (2,4) and D (4,1)?

x1 + x2 y1 + y2
M= 2
, 2

M= ,
2 2

M= ,
2 2

M= ( 3, )

Example 2. Find the center of a diameter having endpoints at (6,2) and (3,5).
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
M= ,
2 2

M= ,
2 2

9 7
M= (2 , 2 )
 4. Slope formula: The slope of the line that passes through the points whose
coordinates (x1, y1) and (y1, y2) is
y2 - y1
m=
x2 - x1

Use when we are given two points (x,y) and need to find the slope. The slope
formula can help us determine if lines are parallel or perpendicular.

Example 1. Find the slope of the line that goes through the points (2,1) and (4,7).
y2 - y1
m=
x2 - x1

7−1
m=
4−2

6
m=
2

m= 3

Example 2. Find the slope of the line that goes through the points (6,-3 and (1, 7).
y2 - y1
m= x - x
2 1

7−(−3)
m= 1−6

10
m= −5

m= -2

Distance Properties in some Geometrical Figures

1. A triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle if AB = AC or AB = BC or AC = BC.

2. A triangle ABC is an equilateral triangle if AB = BC = CA.

3. A triangle ABC is a right-angled triangle if the sum of the squares of two sides is
equal to the square of the third side, i.e.,

AB2 = BC2 + CA2 or BC2 = CA2 + AB2 or AC2 = AB2+ BC2

4. The distance of any point on a circle from the center = radius of the circle.
 Properties of Various Types of Quadrilaterals

5. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if its opposite sides are equal. A quadrilateral

ABCD is a parallelogram if AB = CD and AD = BC.

6. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram but not a rectangle if its opposite sides are equal
and the diagonals are not equal.

7. A quadrilateral is a rectangle if its opposite sides are equal and the diagonals are
equal. A quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle if ABCD is a parallelogram and diagonal
AC = diagonal BD.

8. A quadrilateral ABCD is a rhombus if AB = BC = CD = DA.

9. A quadrilateral is a rhombus but not a square if all its sides are equal and the
diagonals are not equal.

10. A quadrilateral is a square if all its sides are equal and the diagonals are equal. A
quadrilateral ABCD is a square if ABCD is a rhombus and diagonal AC = Diagonal
BD.

Using the Distance Formula in Proving Geometric Properties

To prove geometric properties using the methods of coordinate geometry, consider

the following guidelines for placing figures on a coordinate plane.

1. Use the origin as vertex or center of a figure.

2. Place at least one side of a polygon on an axis.
3. If possible, keep the figure within the first quadrant.
4. Use coordinates that make computations simple and easy. Sometimes, using
coordinates that are multiples of two would make the computation easier.

In some coordinate proofs, the Distance Formula is applied.

Example:

1. Prove that the diagonals of a rectangle are congruent using the methods of
coordinate geometry.

Solution:
Given: ABCD with diagonals AC and BD

Prove: AC≅ BD
To prove:
1. Place ABCD on a coordinate plane.

2. Label the coordinates as shown below.

a. Find the distance between A and C.

Given: A(0,0) and C(a,b)

AC=√(𝑎 − 0)2 + (𝑏 − 0)2

AC = √ 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

b. Find the distance between B and D.

Given: B(0,b) and D(a,0)

BD=√(𝑎 − 0) 2+ (0 − 𝑏) 2
BD=√ 𝑎 2+ 𝑏2

Since AC=√ 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 and BD=√ 𝑎 2+ 𝑏 2 , then AC = BD by substitution.

Therefore,AC ≅ BD . The diagonals of a rectangle are

congruent.(Property of Quadrilaterals #7)

2. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are

congruent.

Given: Trapezoid PQRS with PS ≅ QR

Prove: PR≅ QS
To prove:
1. Place PQRS on a coordinate plane.

2. Label the coordinates as shown below.

Show that with PR≅ QS.

If PR≅ QS , then PR=QS.

a. Find the distance between P and R.

Given: P(-b,c) and R(a,0)

PR=√(−𝑏 − 𝑎) 2+ (𝑐 − 0) 2
= √ 𝑏2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎2+ 𝑐 2
PR= √ 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2+ 𝑐 2

b. Find the distance between Q and S.

Given: Q(b,c) and S(-a,0)

QS=√[𝑏 − (−𝑎)]2 + (𝑐 − 0) 2
=√(𝑏 + 𝑎)2 + (𝑐 − 0) 2
=√𝑏 2+ 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎 2+ 𝑐 2
QS=√𝑎2+ 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2+ 𝑐 2

Therefore PR=QS and PR ≅ QS. Hence, the diagonals of an isosceles

trapezoid are congruent.
 3. The median to the hypotenuse of a right triangle is half the hypotenuse.

Given: LGC is a right triangle with right ∠LGC

and M is the midpoint of LG.
1
Prove: MC= 2 LG

1
Show that MC= 2 LG

𝑎 𝑏
MC=√ 2 - 0 2
+
2
–0 2

2
=√𝑎 + 𝑏
2
4 4
√a + b
2 2
MC=
2

2 2
LG= √(0 − 𝑎) + (𝑏 − 0)
LG=√𝑎 2+ 𝑏 2
1
LG=√𝑎 2+ 𝑏 2
2
2

1
Therefore, MC= 2 LG. Hence the median to the hypotenuse of a right triangle is half
the hypotenuse.
 What’s More
Try to answer the activity below to deepen your understanding in this lesson.

Activity 1. Name the missing coordinates in terms of the given variables. Answer the
questions that follow.

1. COME is a parallelogram.

2. MTC is an isosceles triangle and V is the midpoint of CT.

 3. ABCDEF is a regular hexagon.

Questions:
a. How did you determine the missing coordinates in each figure?
b. Which guided you in determining the missing coordinates in each figure?
c. In which figure are the missing coordinates difficult to determine? Why?

What I Have Learned

In this module I have learned that:

 coordinate proof uses figures on a coordinate plane to prove geometric

properties and uses technique that may include the distance formula,
midpoint formula and slope formula in completing the proof.

 there are guidelines or plan on how place figures on the plane in order
to prove these geometric properties correctly.
 What I Can Do
Real- World Connection

1. The rectangular flag at the left is constructed by connecting the midpoints of

its sides. Use coordinate geometry to prove that the quadrilateral formed by
connecting the midpoints of the sides of a rectangle is a rhombus. (Consider
the guidelines for placing figures on a coordinate plane in proving geometric
properties.)

Given: MNPO is a rectangle. T, W, V, U are midpoints of its sides.

Prove: TWVU is a rhombus.

2. Carmela claims that the triangle on the coordinate plane shown below is an
equilateral triangle. Do you agree with Carmela? Justify your answer.

Assessment
A. Choose the letter that you think best answers the question. Write the answers
in your assessment notebook.

1. Rectangle LMNP at the right is centered at the origin.

Give coordinates for point P without using any new variables.
a. P(-a,b) c. P(-a, -b)
b. P(a,-b) d. P(a,b)
2. The distance between points M(x, 5) and C(5,1) is 10 units. What is the x-
coordinate of M if it lies in the second quadrant?
a. -7 b. -3 c. -1 d. 13

3. What is the distance between points D(-10,2) and E(6,10)?

a. 16 b. 20 c. 10 2 d. 5

4. The endpoints of a segment are (-5,2) and (9,12), respectively. What are the
coordinates of its midpoint?
a. (7,5) b. (2,7) c. (-7,5) d. (7,2)

5. The coordinates of the vertices of a rectangle are W(-2,6), I(10,6), N(10,-3),

D(-2,-3) . What is the length of a diagonal of the rectangle?
a. 7.5 b. 9 c. 12 d. 15

6. What proof uses figures on a coordinate plane to prove geometric properties?

a. Indirect Proof c. Coordinate Proof
b. Direct Proof d. Two-Column Proof

7. What figure is formed when the points K(-2,10), L(8,8), M(6,2), and N(-4,4) are
connected consecutively?
a. Trapezoid b. Parallelogram c. Square d. Rectangle

8. In the equilateral triangle below, what are the coordinates of P?

a. (0,2a)
b. (2a,0)
c. (0, a√3)
d. (0, a√2)

9. Three speed cameras were installed at different points along an expressway. On

a map drawn on a coordinate plane, the coordinates of the first speed camera
are (-2,4). Suppose the second camera is exactly between the other two and its
coordinates are (12,8). What are the coordinates of the third speed camera?
a. (26,12) b. (26,16) c. (22,12) d. (22,16)

,
For numbers 10-12 write a coordinate geometry proof for each problem.
10. Given: quadrilateral CDEF with
C(-2,3), D(-5,-4), E(2,-1) and F(5,6)
Prove: CDEF is a rhombus but not a square
11. Given: quadrilateral ABCD with A(5,1), B(0,3), C(-2,5)
and D(3,3)
Show: ABCD is a parallelogram using midpoints.

12. Given: ΔPQR with P(-1,4), Q(3,0),and R(-2,-3)

Prove ΔPQR is NOT a right triangle.
 References:
Callanta, Melvin M., Allan M. Canonigo, Arnaldo I. Chua, Jerry D. Cruz, Mirla S.
Esparrago, Elino S. Garcia, Aries [Link], Fernando Orines,
Rowena S. Perez, and Concepcion S. Ternida, eds. Mathematics
Learner’s Module Grade 10. First Edition. Pasig City. Rex Book Store,
Inc. 2015.

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