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Understanding Refractive Errors in Vision

Refractive errors occur when the eye cannot focus light properly on the retina, leading to blurred vision and affecting about 75% of the global population. The main types include myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia, each with specific causes and correction methods. Treatment options include glasses, contact lenses, and refractive surgery.

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afssebenezeradeika
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30 views11 pages

Understanding Refractive Errors in Vision

Refractive errors occur when the eye cannot focus light properly on the retina, leading to blurred vision and affecting about 75% of the global population. The main types include myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia, each with specific causes and correction methods. Treatment options include glasses, contact lenses, and refractive surgery.

Uploaded by

afssebenezeradeika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

REFRACTIVE ERRORS

presentation
by Adeika Ebenezer-20/46KB017
Introduction to
refractive errors • Refractive errors occur when the eye
cannot properly focus light on the retina,
leading to blurred vision.

• They are among the most common vision


issues, affecting approximately 75% of
people globally.

2
• How vision works
Light enters the eye through the corneaand is focused by the
lens
onto the retina.
• In normal vision,the eye focuses lightdirectlyontheretina,
formingaclearimage.

• Refractive errors happen whentheshapeof the corneaorlens


causes incorrect light focus.
Types ofRefractiveErrors
• Myopia(Nearsightedness)
• Distant objects appear blurry, nearby objects are clear.

• Causes:
• Excessive curvature of the lens.
• Elongation of the eyeball.

• Correction:
• Concave lenses reduce the eye’s focusing power.
Hyperopia(far • Close objects appear blurry, distant
sightedness) objects are clear.

• Causes:
• Flat cornea or short eyeball.

• Correction:
• Convex lenses increase focusing
power, bringing the image onto
the retina.

5
Astigmatism
• Blurredvisionatalldistancesduetoirregularcurvatureofthe
corneaorlens.

• Causes:
• Irregularly shaped cornea or lens.

• Correction:
• Cylindrical lenses compensate for irregular
curvature.
• Refractive surgery can reshape the cornea.
Presbyopia
• Age-related loss of the eye’s ability to
focus on nearby objects.
• Causes:

• Decreased flexibility of the lens.

• Weakening of ciliary muscles.


• Correction:
• Bifocal or progressive lenses to aid
both near and distant vision.

7
Causes of Refractive
Errors
• Genetic Factors:
• Family history of refractive errors increases risk.

• Environmental Factors:
• Prolonged close-up work (e.g., reading, screen use).
• Inadequate lighting during tasks.

• Ageing:
8
Natural lens changes over time, affecting focus.
Symptoms of Refractive
Errors
• Blurred vision

• Eye strain and headaches

• Difficulty seeing at night

• Squinting or frequent rubbing of the


eyes

• Halos around lights


9
Treatment Options
• Glasses:
• Concave, convex, or cylindrical lenses
for correction.

• Contact Lenses:
• Provide a wider field of vision and
greater convenience.

• Refractive Surgery:
• LASIK and PRK reshape the cornea.
• Implantable lenses for severe cases.
10
Thank
you

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