A.S.

Group
For computer and English speaking
Knowledge is power to fight against all evil

This is the complete course based on tally software covered all the topics could be
used in all versions of tally software
Introduction of
Accounting
 What is accounting
Accounting is a technique to store all day to day
business transactions in form of currency

रेखाांकन एक ऐसी विधध है जजससे हभ अऩने व्माऩय भें

Daily basic के हो यहे रें न दें न को ऩैसो के पॉभम भें लरख
के save कयते है
 History of accounting
The history of accounting is very ancient it was
grown as human grown and their civilization grown

एकाउां ट ग
ां का इततहास फहोत ऩुयाना है जजस तयह से इन्सान औय उनकी सभ्मता का
विकाश हुआ उसी के साथ साथ ककसी न ककसी रूऩ भें एकाउां ट ग ां का बी विकाश हुआ
Around 10,000 years ago
 Father of accounting
Luca Pacioli

Italian mathematician

In 1494 wrote a book of math

mastics contains 27 pages of book
keeping (contains double entry
system, ledgers, and many words
used today published in vanish
Traders of Netherlands

Used for calculation

and book keeping until
computer came in
existence
 Computer used for accounting

Accounting took a large step toward the future as we

know it in 1955, when a company bought
a computer for the first time purely for accounting.
After World War II, General Electric purchased the
UNIVAC (the Universal Automatic Computer) to run
payroll in its factories. Developed by John Mauchly
 Father of accounting in India
Shri Kalyan Subramani Aiyar
K. S. Aiyar – Father of Accountancy in
India. Shri Kalyan Subramani Aiyar (1859-
1940), better known as K. S. Aiyar, was a
pioneer of commercial and accounting
education in India.
 Origination Accounting language
Just to short out the problem of language so that all the person can share
their transactions report to anyone without barrier of language

Method of Book keeping

1:- Creditors system ( भहाजतनक ऩद्धतत )
2 :- Single mode entry system( एकहयी रेखा प्रणारी)
3 :- Double mode entry system (दोहयी रेखा प्रणारी) (1494 in venis Italy ) the name of book is
decomputiset ) by Luca Pacioli

On 1544 huge old castie introduced using debere to debit and credere to credit

Definition of accounting
 In 1961 AICPA ( American institute of certified public accountant )

 1966 AAA ( American accounting association ) introduced currency word in accounting

 History of Tally

Tally Solutions, then known as Peutronics, was co-

founded in 1986 by Shyam sundar Goenka and his son

Bharat Goenka and incorporated in 1991.

 Tally 3.0 (1990)
 Tally 3.12 (1991)
 Tally 4 (1992)
 Tally 4.5 (1994)
 Tally 5.4 (1996)
 Tally 6.3 (2001)
 Tally 7.2 (2005)
 Tally 8.1 (2006)
 Tally 9 (2006)
 Tally ERP 9 (2009)
 Tally 18 ( 2018) with some updates in tally erp 9 known as tally erp 9 advancement
 Tally Prime (09th November 2020)
 Accounting
Manual accounting computer accounting
• ledgers Computer software

Traditional American
accounting accounting
 Traditional accounting

Real accounts Nominal accounts Personal accounts

 American accounting

Assets Expense capital liability Revenue

 American accounting

Assets Expense capital liability Revenue

Business Transaction व्माऩाय भें कुछ बी ऐसा हो जजसे record कयने की जरूयत ऩड़े हभ business transaction कहते
है /
Cash Transaction :- व्यापार में cash का in या out cash transaction कहलाता है/

Credit Transaction :- हभायी firm द्िाया ककसी को credit ऩे कोई साभान मा ऩैसा टदमा जाए मा लरमा जाए उसे हभ credit
transaction कहते है /
Creditor हमारा supllier या वो जिससे हमें पैसे या कोई सामान उधार जमलता है/ Creditor कहलाता है

Debtor :- हभायी firm ककसी third party को सभान मा ऩैसा उधाय दे ते है / हभाया Debtor
कहराता है /
 American accounting

Assets Expense capital liability Revenue

Assets Assets िो values है जजनका राब पभम द्िाया बविष्म भें
लरमा जामेगा
example
++
Building, land, cash, bank, computer, machine, tools, furniture, debtor, vehicle By / Dr
…………….. etc
Assets
1:- Firm purchased computer of 50,000
--
+ computer (assets) 50,000 BY computer A/C 50,000 To / Cr

- Cash (assets) 50,000 TO Cash A/C 50,000

2:- Firm sold furniture of 30,000 ++
By / Dr

- furniture (assets) 30,000 TO Furniture A/C 30,000 Assets

+Cash (assets) 30,000 BY Cash A/C 30,000

--
To / Cr

3:- Firm purchased furniture of 30,000

+ furniture (assets) 30,000

BY furniture A/C 30,000
-Cash (assets) 30,000
TO Cash A/C 30,000

4:- Firm deposited 30000 in sbi bank

+ SBI A/C 30,000 by SBI A/C 30,000

- Cash A/C 30,000 To Cash A/C 30,000

 Firm purchased land of 5 lac ++
By / Dr

+ land A/c 5 lacks By land A/c 5 lacks

- Cash A/c 5 lacks To Cash A/c 5 lacks Assets

--
To / Cr
Fim purchased machine 10 lack

+ machine A/c 10 lacks By machine A/c 10 lacks

- Cash A/c 10 lacks To Cash A/c 10 lacks

Firm transferred 5 lac from BOB bank to SBI bank

+ SBI A/c 5 lac

-- BOB A/c 5 Lac By SBI A/c 5 lac
To BOB A/c 5 Lac
 Assets

Current assets Non current assets Fictitious

assets

Current assets Current assets वो assets है जिनका लाभ फमम द्वारा साल भर के भीतर
भीतर ले जलया िायेगा उन्हें हम current assets कहते है
Example Bank accounts(current accounts/saving account), cash in hand, debtor,
prepaid expenses, stock inventory, other liquid assets,
Non current assets/ fixed assets
fixed assets वो assets है जिनका लाभ फमम द्वारा साल भर के भीतर तो जलया ही िायेगा साथ ही साथ साल
भर के बाद भी जलया िा सके गा /उन्हें हम current assets कहते है
Example Computer , computer equipment, computer software, furniture, land, building,
tools, machine, solid assets,
BY computer A/C 50,000

TO Cash A/C 50,000 Ledger Name Under Group

Computer Fixed assets
BY computer A/C 50,000
furniture Fixed assets
TO Furniture A/C 30,000 land Fixed assets
TO Cash A/C 20,000 building Fixed assets
machine Fixed assets
TO Furniture A/C 30,000 SBI Bank accounts
BY Cash A/C 30,000 BOB Bank accounts

By land A/c 5 lac

To building A/c 15 lac
By. cash A/c. 10 lac

By machine A/c 10 lac

To furniture A/c 50000
To cash A/c. 9 lac 50000

By SBI A/c 5 lac

To BOB A/c 5 Lac
 Firm purchased computer of 50000 and sold furniture of 30000

 Firm diposited 50000 in sbi bank

 Firm withdraw 50000 from sbi bank

 Firm purchased building of 10 lac half amount paid by sbi half by cash

 Firm sold land of 10 lac 5lac received by sbi check 5 lac received by bob check

 Firm purchased tools of 5000 and purchased computer of 50000

 Firm purchased computer of 50000 and sold furniture of 30000

By Computer A/c 50000

By Computer A/c 50000
To cash A/c 50000
To furniture A/c 30000
By cash A/c 30000
To Cash A/c 30000
To furniture A/c 30000
Firm deposited 50000 in sbi bank Firm withdraw 50000 from sbi bank
By Cash A/c 50000
By SBI A/c 50000 To SBI A/c 50000
To Cash A/c 50000
Firm purchased building of 10 lac half amount paid by sbi half by cash
By Building A/c 1000000
To SBI A/c 500000
To Cash A/c 500000
Firm sold land of 10 lac 5 lac received by sbi check 5 lac received by bob check
To land A/c 1000000
by SBI A/c 500000
by Cash A/c 500000
Firm purchased tools of 5000 and purchased computer of 50000
By Tools A/c 5000
By Computer A/c 50000
To Cash A/c 55000
 Expenses (खर्म )

1-jan-20
1-feb-20
1-march-20

A.S. Group

Building rent Salary=15000

=10000 B. Rent=10000
Electricity bill= 50000
A=10000 Prepaid Salary=15000
P. B. Rent=10000
 Expenses Expenses वो values है जिनका लाभ फमम द्वारा पहले ही ले जलया गया है उनका लाभ
भजवष्य में नहीं जमलेगा

Example Salary, building rent, electricity bill, office expense, wages, repairing charge, heating charge,
decoration charge,

+ + By / Dr
Firm paid salary 5000 and paid building rent 10000 and paid electricity
Bill 15000 all payment made by sbi check
Expense

+ Salary (Expenses) 5000 BY Salary A/C 5000

+ Building rent (Expenses) 10000 BY Building rent A/c 10000 -- To / Cr

+ Electricity bill (Expenses) 15000 BY Electricity bill A/c 15000

-- SBI (Assets) 30000 To SBI A/c 30000

Firm sold land of 1.5 lac and sold computer 15000 and paid electricity bill + + By / Dr
50000

- Land (Assets) 1.50000 TO Land A/c 1.50000

Expense
- Computer (Assets ) 15000 TO Computer A/c 15000

+ Electricity bill (Expenses) 5000 BY Electricity bill A/c 50000

- Cash (Assets) 115000 by Cash A/c 115000

-- To / Cr

Firm paid transport charge 5000 and wages 5000 and post paid recharge Bill 5000

+ Transport Charge (Expenses) 5000 BY Transport Charge A/c 5000

+ Wages (Expenses ) 5000 BY Wages A/c 5000

+ Post paid Recharge (expense ) 5000 BY Post paid Recharge A/c 5000

- Cash (Assets) 15000 TO Cash A/c 15000

 Firm purchased building of 1 lac and paid salary 15000 + + By / Dr
+ Building (Assets) 100000 BY Building A/C 100000

+ Salary (Expenses ) 15000 BY Salary A/C 15000 Expense

- Cash (Assets) 115000 To Cash A/C 115000

-- To / Cr

Firm withdraw 50000 from sbi bank and 15000 paid wages

- SBI (Assets) 50000 To SBI A/c 50000

+ Cash (Assets ) 50000 BY Cash A/c 50000

+ Wages (Expenses) 15000 BY Wages A/c 15000

- Cash (Assets) 15000 TO Cash A/c 15000

 Expense

Direct expense Indirect

expense

Natural Non-Natural
Direct expense Direct expense
 Direct expense
वो एक्स्पेंसस िो गुड्स के तैयार होने के पहले से ले कर तैयार होने के दौरान गुड्स
पे या फक्सरी पे ककया िाता है direct expense कहलाता है /

Example Commission given on purchase, transport charge, wages, building rent of factory, salary
paid of factory,

In Direct expense वो एक्स्पेंसस िो गुड्स की production factory के बहार जनकलने से

ले कर गुड्स के जबकने तक ककये िाते है सारे के सारे indirect expense
कहलाते है /
Example Commission given on sale , salary, building rent, electricity bill, office
expense, advertisement charge, decoration charge
 WAGES WAGES WAGES
ELECTRICITY WAGES ELECTRICITY
SALARY SALARY ELECTRICITY SALARY
BILL BILL BILL

CARRIAGE CARRIAGE CARRIAGE

CHARGE FACTORY CHARGE CHARGE SHOW
MARKET GODOWN
ROOM

BUILDING BUILDING
RENT REPAIRING REPAIRING BUILDING
INSURANCE CHARGE RENT INSURANCE REPAIRING
CHARGE RENT INSURANCE
CHARGE CHARGE CHARGE
COMMISON ON CHARGE
WAGES ELECTRICITY
PURCHASE SALARY
BILL

DIRECT
OFFICE
EXPENSE
HEAD
OFFICE IN-DIRECT
EXPENSE
BUILDING
RENT
REPAIRING
INSURANCE CHARGE
CHARGE
EXPENSE
BUILDING
RENT REPAIRING
INSURANCE CHARGE
CHARGE
 Firm paid electricity bill 5000 and paid building rent 40000

 Firm paid transport charge 10000 and paid salary 15000 all payment made by sbi check

 Firm paid wages 5000 and paid decoration charge 10000 and paid repairing charge

20000 all payment made by bob check

 Firm paid advertisement charge 10000 and paid wages 5000

 Firm withdraw 5000 from sbi bank deposited to the bob bank
 Firm paid electricity bill 5000 and paid building rent 40000 + + By / Dr
+ Electricity bill (Expenses) 5000 BY electricity bill A/C 5000

+ Building rent (Expenses ) 40000 BY Building rent A/C 40000

Assets
Expense
- Cash (Assets) 45000 To Cash A/C 45000

Firm paid transport charge 10000 and paid salary 15000 all payment made by sbi check
-- To / Cr
+ Transport charge (Expenses) 10000 BY Transport charge A/C 10000

+ Salary (Expenses ) 15000 BY Salary A/C 15000

- sbi (Assets) 25000 To sbi A/C 25000

Firm paid wages 5000 and paid decoration charge 10000 and paid repairing charge 20000 all payment made by bob check
+ Wages (Expenses) 5000 BY wages A/C 5000

+ Decoration charge (Expenses ) 10000 BY Decoration charge A/C 10000

+ Repairing charge (Expenses ) 20000 BY Repairing charge A/C 20000

- BoB (Assets) 35000 To BOB A/C 35000

 Firm paid advertisement charge 10000 and paid wages 5000

+ Advertisement charge (Expenses) 10000 BY Advertisement charge A/C 10000

+ Wages (Expenses ) 5000 BY Wages A/C 5000

+ + By / Dr
- Cash (Assets) 15000 To Cash A/C 15000

Assets
Expense
Firm withdraw 5000 from sbi bank deposited to the bob bank

-- To / Cr
- SBI (Assets) 5000 To SBI A/c 5000

+ BOB (Assets ) 5000 BY BOB A/c 5000

 Goods
Goods firm का वह main product है जिसका फमम जनयजमत रूप से purchase

और sale करती है goods की sale ही फमम की growth decide करती है /अलग

अलग व्यापार के जलए अलग अलग goods हो सकता है

Example Milk man के जलए milk, मोबाइल बेर्ने वाले के जलए मोबाइल , जबल्डिंग बेर्ने
वाले के जलए जबल्डिंग
 Goods

Raw material w.i.p. Finished

Goods not ready for Work in progress
Not fully raw material
Goods
use Not fully finished goods Goods ready for use
 Service
कई फमम goods में िंील नहीं करती बजडक उसकी िगह पे अपनी सेवाएं देती है और उसकी

िगह पे अपनी सेवाए देती है और उसके बदले पैसे लेती है और ये सेवाएं उनके जलए goods

का ही काम करती है जितना ज्यादा वो अपनी services को देते है उतनी ही फमम की

income बड़ती है /

Example
Teacher के जलए education , वकील की वकालत ,security gaurd के जलए
security ....................etc
 Goods

Purchase sale

Cash Credit Cash Credit

+ + By / Dr
Firm purchased goods of 50000
Assets
Expense
+ purchase (Assets) 50000 By Purchase A/c 50000

- Cash (Assets ) 50000 To Cash A/c 50000

-- To / Cr
Firm purchased goods of 40000 from mohan on Credit

+ purchase (Assets) 40000 By Purchase A/c 40000

+ Mohan (Liability ) 40000 To Mohan A/c 40000

+ + By / Dr

Assets
Expense
Firm Sold goods of 50000

+ Cash (Assets) 50000 By Cash A/c 50000

-- To / Cr

- Sale (Assets ) 50000 To Sale A/c 50000

 Exercise
 Firm purchased building of 10 lac and sold land of 5 lac

 Firm paid electricity bill 50000 and paid salary 15000

 Firm withdraw 50000 from sbi bank

 Firm deposited 40000 in sbi bank

 Firm paid advertisement charge 10000 and paid prepaid wages 15000

 Firm purchased goods of 10000

 Firm sold goods of 40000 from Rajesh on Credit

 Firm sold goods of 50000 to mohan on credit amount received by sbi check
 Firm purchased building of 10 lac and sold land of 5 lac

+ Building (Assets) 10,00,000 BY Building A/c 10,00,000

- Land (Assets ) 5,00,000 To Land A/c 5,00,000

- Cash (Assets) 5,00,000 To Cash A/c 5,00,000

 Firm paid electricity bill 50000 and paid salary 15000

+ Electricity bill (Expenses) 50,000 BY Electricity bill A/c 50,000

+ Salary (Expenses ) 15,000 By Salary A/c 15,000

- Cash (Assets) 65,000 To Cash A/c 65,000

 Firm withdraw 50000 from sbi bank

+ Cash (Assets) 50000 To SBI A/c 5000

- Sbi (Assets ) 5000 BY Cash A/c 5000

 Firm deposited 40000 in sbi bank

- Cash (Assets) 40000 By SBI A/c 40,000

+ Sbi (Assets ) 40000 BY Cash A/c 40,000

Firm paid advertisement charge 10000 and paid prepaid wages 15000

+ Advertisement charge (Expenses) 10000 BY Advertisement charge A/C 10000

+ Prepaid Wages (Assets ) 15000 BY Prepaid Wages A/C 15000

- Cash (Assets) 25000 To Cash A/C 25000

Firm purchased goods of 10000

+ purchase (Assets) 10000 By Purchase A/c 10000

- Cash (Assets ) 10000 To Cash A/c 10000

 Firm sold goods of 40000 from Rajesh on Credit

+ Rajesh (Assets) 40000 By Rajesh A/c 40000

- Sale (Assets ) 40000 To Sale A/c 40000

 Firm sold goods of 50000 to mohan on credit amount received by sbi check

+ Mohan (Assets) 50000 By Mohan A/c 50000

- Sale (Assets ) 50000 To Sale A/c 50000

- Mohan (Assets) 50000

To Mohan A/c 50000
+ SBI (Assets ) 50000
By SBI A/c 50000
 Discount Discount फमम के जलए एक प्रकार का एक्ससपेंस होता है िो अपने product पर ककया
िाता है ताकक product की sale बिं सके पर िब जिं्काउं ट recieve होता है to
income बन िाता है / Discount को भुख्मत 2 बागो भें फा ा गमा है

Discount

Trade discount Cash discount

Trade discount(T.D.) मह िह discount है जो प्रोडक् की sale के िक़्त कस् भय को टदमा जाता है इसे
हभ बफर भें नहीां दयरम शाते है इसे bulk discount बी कहते है इसे ऩहरे से ही घ ा
लरमा जाता है औय घ े हुए अभाउां का बफर फनता है जजसभे trade discount show
नहीां होता है

Net Sale Price = MRP (maximum retail price ) -T.D

 Firm purchased goods of 50000 with 5 % T.D.
TD =2500
By Purchase A/c 47500
MRP = 50000
NET PRICE = 50000 -2500=47500 To Cash A/c 47500

Firm sold goods of 35000 with 10 %T.D. and sold land of 5 lac and purchased building of 25 lac all transaction
made by h.d.f.c. check
MRP = 35000, T.D. = 3500 NET PRICE =35000-3500 =31500

TO SALES A/C 31500

TO SALES A/C 31500
BY HDFC. A/C. 31500
TO LAND A/C 5L
TO LAND A/C 5L
BY BUILDING A/C. 25L
BY. HDFC A/C 5L
TO HDFC. A/C. 1968500
BY BUILDING A/C. 25L
TO HDFC. A/C 25 L
CASH discount(C.d.)
मह िह discount है जो ऩैसे िसर
ू कयते सभम ऩहरे से की गई डीर के अभाउां ऩे टदमा जाता है ताकक ऩैसे
जल्दी िसूर हो सके to आऩ कह सकते है ऩैसे की िसूरी के िक्त टदमा गमा discount CASH discount कहराता
है इसे बफर भें show कयना जरुयी है

Firm SOLD goods of 50000 with 5 % C .D.

 Maximum sale price = 50000  Cash discount =5%

 Total td = 0  =50000*5/100 =2500
 Net sale price = 50000-0 = 50000  C.D. = 2500 indirect expense

TO sold A/C 50000

BY discount A/C 2500
BY cash A/C 47500
 Firm sold goods of 35000 with 10 C.D. and sold land of 5 lac

 sale price = 35000

 Maximum sale price = 35000
 Total td = 0  cash discount = 10%
 Net sale price = 35000
35000*10/100
3500
TO sales A/C 35000
BY discount allowed A/C 3500
BY cash A/C 31500

TO land A/C 5 L
BY cash A/C 5 L
 Firm sold computer of 50000 with 10% C.D. and purchased tools of 2500 WITH 5 % T.D.

To Computer a/c 50000

By Tools A/c 2375
By Discount allowed a/c 5000
To Cash A/c 2375
By Cash a/c 45000

To Computer a/c 50000

By Discount allowed a/c 5000
By Tools a/c 2375
By Cash a/c 42625

Firm sold land of 305000 with 5000 T.D. and sold building of 5 lac with 25000 C.D. and purchased
machine of 20 lac all transaction made by s.b.i. check

To Land a/c 3000000 To Building a/c 500000

By SBI a/c 3000000 By Discount given a/c 25000
By SBI A/c 475000
 Capital (माजलक का जनवेश )

Capital Capital firm के owner का firm के ऊपर claim है िो की firm को भजवष्य में अदा करना पड़ेगा
यह claim ककसी भी रूप में हो सकता है cash, bank fixed assets यह firm के जलए non
current laibility है / ++
To / Cr

Rule :-
Capital

-- By / Dr
 ++
To / Cr

Rohit Rohit p.v.t L.T.D

Capital

Capital +
-- By / Dr

++
by / Dr
Drawing -

Assets
+ Cash (assets) 5L Expenses

+ Capital (Capital) 5 L
-- To / Cr
Rohit started business with 5 lac cash

To C a p i t a l A / C 5 L
By Cash A/C 5 L
 ++
To / Cr
Sumit started business with 10 lac cash and 20 lac sbi bank

Sumit Sumit Industries Capital

-- By / Dr

Capital + ++
by / Dr

Assets
+ Cash 10L (assets )
Expenses
+ Sbi 20 L ( assets)
+ Capital 30L (Sumit) (Capital)
-- To / Cr

To Capital A/C 30 L

By Cash A/C 10 L

By SBI A/C 10 L
 ++
Ratan started business with 10,00,000 cash, 20,00,000 vehicle and 50,00,000 building and To / Cr
10,00,000 machine

Ratan Ratan Motors Capital

-- By / Dr

Capital + ++
by / Dr

+ Cash 10 L (assets )
Assets
+ Ve h i c l e 2 0 L ( assets)
Expenses
+ Building 50 L (assets )
+Machine 10 L ( assets)
+ Capital 90 L (Ratan) (Capital)
-- To / Cr

To Capital A/C 90 L

By Cash A/C 10 L
By Building A/C 50 L

By Ve h i c l e A / C 2 0 L

By Machine A/C 10 L
 ++
Firm given 50,000 to owner for his personal expense by sbi check To / Cr

Firm Owner Capital

-- By / Dr

Drawing + ++
by / Dr

Assets
Expenses
- SBI 50,000 (assets )

- Drawing 50,000 (Capital) -- To / Cr

To SBI A/C 50,000

By Drawing A/C 50,000

 ++
Firm given 5,00,000 to owner for his personal expense and paid salary 10,000, and paid electricity To / Cr
bill 10,000

Owner
Firm Capital

Drawing + -- By / Dr

++
- Drawing 5 L (Capital) by / Dr

- Cash 5 L (assets )
- Cash 5,00,000
- Cash 10,000 Assets
-Drawing 5 L(Capital)
- Cash 10,000 Expenses
-Cash 10,000 (assets)
+Salary 10,000( Expense)
-Cash 10,000 ( assets)
-- To / Cr

+Salary 10,000 +Electricity Bill 10000 ( Expense)

+ Electricity 10,000

TO Cash A/C 5,20,000

BY Drawing A/C 5,00,000

BY Salary A/C 10,000

BY Electricity bill A/C 10,000

 Practical Questions
1. Ratan started business with 5 L cash 5 L SBI bank 50000 furniture
2. Firm purchased building of 10 Lac , 5 L paid by cash and 5 L paid by SBI check
3. Firm purchased goods of 20000 from mohan on credit
4. Firm sold goods of 50000 with 10 % TD
5. Firm paid 20000 to mohan
6. Firm Purchased goods of 1 Lac with 10 %TD from Raju
7. Firm sold goods of 1.5 Lac with 10 % CD amount received by sbi check
8. Firm paid pending balance Raju
9. Firm given 5000 to owner for his personal expenses and paid 10000 electricity bill
10. Firm deposited 10000 in SBI Bank
 Solutions ++
To / Cr

1. Ratan started business with 5 L cash 5 L SBI bank 50000 furniture

+ Cash (Assets) 5 L By Cash A/C 5 L Capital

Receipt Liability
+ SBI (Assets ) 5L BY SBI A/C 5L

+ Furniture (Assets ) 50000 BY Furniture A/C 50000

-- By / Dr
+ Capital (Capital) 1050000 To Capital A/C 1050000
++
2. Firm purchased building of 10 Lac , 5 L paid by cash and 5 L paid by SBI check by / Dr

+ Building (Assets) 10 L Assets

BY Building A/C 10 L
Expenses
- SBI (Assets ) 5L TO SBI A/C 5L Payment
- Cash (Assets ) 5L TO Cash A/C 5L
-- To / Cr
 Solutions ++
To / Cr
3. Firm purchased goods of 20000 from mohan on credit

+ Purchase (Assets) 20000 BY Purchase A/C 20000

Capital
Purchase
+ Mohan (Liability) 20000 TO Mohan A/C 20000 Liability

4. Firm sold goods of 50000 with 10 % TD -- By / Dr

MRP=50000-5000( TD)=45000 ++
by / Dr

+ Cash (Assets) 45000 Assets

BY Cash A/C 45000
Expenses
- Sale (Assets) 45000 Sale
TO Sale A/C 45000

-- To / Cr
 Solutions ++
To / Cr
5. Firm paid 20000 to mohan

- Cash (Assets) 20000 TO Cash A/C 20000

Capital
Payment
- Mohan (Liability) 20000 BY Mohan A/C 20000 Liability

6. Firm Purchased goods of 1 Lac with 10 %TD from Raju -- By / Dr

MRP = 1L - 10000(TD) = 90000 ++

by / Dr

Assets
+ Purchase (Assets) 90000 BY Purchase A/C 90,000
Expenses
Purchase
+ Raju (Liability) 90000 TO Raju A/C 90,000

-- To / Cr
 Solutions ++
To / Cr
7. Firm sold goods of 1.5 Lac with 10 % CD amount received by sbi check

- Sale (Assets) 1.5 L TO Sale A/C 1.5 L

Capital
Sale
+ SBI (Assets) 1,35000 By SBI A/C 1,35000 Liability

+ Discount allowed (Expense) 35000 By Discount allowed A/C 15000

-- By / Dr

++
8. Firm paid pending balance Raju by / Dr

- Cash (Assets) 90000 TO cash A/C 90,000 Assets

Payment Expenses
- Raju (Liability) 90000 BY Raju A/C 90,000

-- To / Cr
 Solutions ++
To / Cr
9. Firm given 5000 to owner for his personal expenses and paid 10000 electricity bill
- Cash (Assets) 5000
By Drawing A/C 5000
Capital
- Drawing (Capital) 5000
By Electricity Bill A/C 10000 Liability
+ Electricity Bill (Expense) 10,000
Payment
TO Cash A/C 15,000
- Cash (Assets) 10,000 -- By / Dr

++
10. Firm deposited 10000 in SBI Bank by / Dr

- Cash (Assets) 10,000 TO cash A/C 10,000

Assets
BY SBI A/C 10,000
Contra Expenses
+ SBI (Assets) 10,000

-- To / Cr
 Liability ( किम )

Liability ( किम ) Liability firm के ऊपर ककसी third Party का किम है िो firm को भजवष्य में

अदा करना पड़ेगा यह कोई firm , Bank या कोई व्यजि जवशेष भी हो सकता है /
Rule :-

++

To / Cr

Liability

--
By / Dr
 ++
To / Cr
Firm Purchased goods of 70,000 from Rohit on credit
Capital

Rohit Frim Liability

-- By / Dr

++
by / Dr

Assets
Expenses

-- To / Cr
+ Purchase (assets) 70,000

+ Rohit ( Liability) 70,000

By purchase a/c 70,000

To R o h i t a / c 7 0 , 0 0 0
 ++
To / Cr
Firm Purchased Land of 7 L from Mahendra on credit and sold
building of 20 L
Capital
Mahendra
Frim
Liability

-- By / Dr

++
by / Dr

Assets
Expenses

+ Land (assets) 7L
--
+ Mahendra (Liability) 7L To / Cr

-building (assets) 20 L
By land A/C 7 L
+Cash (assets) 20L
To M a h e n d r a A / C 7 L
To B u i l d i n g A / C 2 0 L
By Cash A/C 20 L
Firm Sold building of 10 L to Narendra , 5 L received by sbi check and ++
To / Cr

5 L will be received in future

Capital

Frim Narendra Liability

-- By / Dr

++
by / Dr

Assets
Expenses

-Building (assets) 10 L
-- To / Cr

+ Sbi (assets) 5 L
To b u i l d i n g A / C 1 0 L
+ Narendra (assets ) 5 L
By SBI A/C 5L

By Narendra A/C 5L
 ++
To / Cr
Firm Took Loan of 20 L From IDBI Bank and deposited in SBI bank

Capital

कर्ज Assets Liability

Firm
IDBI SBI -- By / Dr

++
by / Dr

Assets
Expenses

+ 20L IDBI (liability) -- To / Cr

+ 20 L SBI (assets)

To IDBI A/C 20 L

By SBI A/C 20 L
 ++
To / Cr
Firm Purchased machine of 70,000 from mahendra on credit and sold
computer of 70,000
Capital
Liability
+ Machine (assets) 70,000
-- By / Dr
+ Mahendra (Liability ) 70,000
++
-Computer (Assets) 70,000 by / Dr

+Cash (Assets) 70,000

Assets
Expenses

-- To / Cr
By Machine A/C 70,000

To M a h e n d r a A / C 7 0 , 0 0 0

To C o m p u t e r A / C 7 0 , 0 0 0

By Cash A/C 70,000

 Liability ( किम )
++
To / Cr

Liability

Liability ( किम )
-- By / Dr

Liability firm के ऊपर ककसी third Party का किम है िो firm को भजवष्य में अदा करना पड़ेगा

यह कोई firm , Bank या कोई व्यजि जवशेष भी हो सकता है /

Liability ( किम )

Current liability Non Current liability

 ++
To / Cr

Liability ( किम )
Capital
Liability

--
Current liability Non Current liability By / Dr

++
by / Dr

Assets
Current
Current liabilities वह किम है िो firm को current year में ही अदा करना पड़ेगा Expenses
liability :-
-- To / Cr

Example :- Sundry Creditor, Bank Overdraft, Bills Payable, Short Term Debt, Advances
& Deposit received , Out Standing Expences
 ++
Liability ( किम ) To / Cr

Capital
Liability

Current liability Non Current liability -- By / Dr

+ + by / Dr

Assets
Non Current Non Current liabilities वह किम है िो firm के ऊपर current year िमा Expenses
liability :- करने का pressure नहीं हम अपनी मिी से र्ाहे to current year में pay -- To / Cr
कर सकते है इसे long Term Liability भी कहा िाता है /

Example :- Long Term payable Biils, Mortgage notes payable, Long Term
Bank Loans
 ++
Ravi started business with 5 L cash 5 L sbi Bank 50,000 Furniture To / Cr

and 10,000 Tools

By Cash A/C 5 L
Capital
+ Cash ( Assets) 5 L Firm Liability
By SBI A/C 5 L + SBI ( Assets) 5 L
BY Furniture A/C 50,000 + Furniture ( Assets) 50,000
+ Tools ( Assets) 10,000 -- By / Dr
By Tools A/C 10,000 + Capital ( Liability) 10,60,000
To Capital A/C 10,60,000 + + by / Dr

Firm paid Salary 40,000 and Paid Electricity Bill 15,000 and paid Assets
Expenses
Wages 5000
-- To / Cr
By Salary A/C 40,000 Firm
+ Salary (Expenses) 40,000
By Electricity Bill A/C 15,000
+ Electricity Bill (Expenses) 15,000
By Wages A/C 5000
+ Wages (Expenses) 5000
To Cash A/C 60,000 - Cash (Assets ) 60,000
 (REVENUE) INCOME (आय )
Firm र्ब भी अपनी Services ककसी को दे दे ती है उसे अपनी income
record करती है भऱे ही firm ने उसके बदऱे पैसे लऱए हो या न लऱया हो
When firm deliver its service to anyone firm record that transaction under
income transaction no matter firm receives money for that or not ++
To / Cr

Income
Example :- Bank interest received building rent received ,
transport charge received, commission received -- By / Dr
 ++
TO / CR
FIRM RECEIVED TRANSPORT CHARGE 50000 BY SBI CHECK
CAPITAL
+ SBI (ASSETS) 50000 FIRM LIABILITY
+TRANSPORT CHARGE RECEIVED (INCOME) 50,000 INCOME

BY SBI A/C 50,000 -- BY / DR

TO TRANSPORT CHARGE RECEIVED A/C 50,000 ++

BY / DR

FIRM RECEIVED BUILDING RENT 20,000 AND RECEIVED COMMISSION 5000 ASSETS

EXPENSES

BY CASH A/C 20,000 +CASH (ASSETS) 20,000 -- TO / CR

FIRM
+ BUILDING RENT RECEIVED (INCOME) 20,000
TO BUILDING RENT RECEIVED A/C 20,000
+CASH (ASSETS) 5000
BY CASH A/C 5000 +COMMISSION RECEIVED (INCOME) 5000
TO COMMISSION RECEIVED A/C 5000
BY CASH A/C 25,000
TO BUILDING RENT RECEIVED A/C 20,000
TO COMMISSION RECEIVED A/C 5000
 ++
TO / CR

FIRM RECEIVEd BANK INTREST 30,000 FROM SBI BANK

CAPITAL
FIRM
+ SBI (ASSETS) 30,000 LIABILITY

INCOME
+BANK INTEREST RECEIVED (INCOME) 30,000
--
BY SBI A/C 30,000 BY / DR

TO BANK INTEREST RECEIVED A/C 30,000 ++

BY / DR

ASSETS
FIRM RECEIVED BUILDING RENT 15,000 AND PAID ELECTRICITY EXPENSES
BILL 15,000 -- TO / CR
BY CASH A/C 15,000 FIRM
TO BUILDING RENT RECEIVED A/C 15,000 +CASH (ASSETS) 15,000

TO CASH A/C 15000 + BUILDING RENT RECEIVED (INCOME) 15,000

BY ELECTRICITY BILL A/C 15000

-CASH (ASSETS) 15000

TO BUILDING RENT RECEIVED A/C 20,000 +ELECTRICITY BILL (EXPENSE ) 15000

BY ELECTRICITY BILL A/C 5000

 (REVENUE) INCOME (आय )
 BANK INTEREST RECEIVED

 BUIDING RENT RECEIVED

 TRANSPORT CHARGE RECEIVED

 COMMISION RECEIVED

Firm जफ बी अऩनी services ककसी को दे दे ती है उसे अऩनी income record कयती है बरे ही firm ने उसके
फदरे ऩैसे लरए हो मा न लरमा हो
 Income / Revenue ( आय )

Direct Income In direct income

Firm जफ बी अऩने भख् ु मा सेिा ककसी को दे ती है जजससे firm के assets फड़ते है

Direct Income इसे firm की direct income कहा जाता है अरग अरग प्रकाय के व्माऩारयमों की
direct income का source अरग अरग होता है /

SOLD

Example :-COMMISION ON SALE

In Direct Income Firm जफ बी अऩने भख् ु मा सेिा को छोड़ कय कोई अन्म सेिा ककसकी को दे ती है
जजससे firm के assets फड़े ऐसे सेिाओ के नाभ को हभ indirect income के नाभ से
record कयते है /

TRANSPORT CHARGE RECEIVED

BILDING RENT RECEIVED

BANK

BANK INTEREST RECEIVED

COMMISION RECEIVED
 ++
TO / CR
FIRM RECEIVED BANK INTEREST 50,000 FROM HDFC BANK
CAPITAL
FIRM
LIABILITY
+ SBI (ASSETS) 50000
+TRANSPORT CHARGE RECEIVED (INCOME) INCOME
50,000
-- BY / DR
BY SBI A/C 50,000
TO TRANSPORT CHARGE RECEIVED A/C 50,000 ++
BY / DR

FIRM RECEIVED BUILDING RENT 20,000 AND RECEIVED COMMISSION 5000 ASSETS

EXPENSES

BY CASH A/C 20,000 -- TO / CR

TO BUILDING RENT RECEIVED A/C 20,000 FIRM
BY CASH A/C 5000
+CASH (ASSETS) 20,000
TO COMMISSION RECEIVED A/C 5000 + BUILDING RENT RECEIVED (INCOME) 20,000
+CASH (ASSETS) 5000
+COMMISSION RECEIVED (INCOME) 5000

BY CASH A/C 25,000

TO BUILDING RENT RECEIVED A/C 20,000
TO COMMISSION RECEIVED A/C 5000
 Bad debts (िंू बा हुआ धन )

मे िो धन है जो हभने ककसी न ककसी रूऩ भें अऩने debtor दो टदमा था औय ककसी कायण उसे प्राप्त नहीां कय ऩाए
है उसे हभ bad debts के नाभ से जानते है मा एक प्रकाय का assets है जजसका under group , sundry debtor होता
है

Bad debts होने के कई कायण हो सकते है जजनभे भख्

ु मा कायण है
1. Debtor का खो जाना
2. Debtor का भय जाना
3. Debtor का insolvant होना
 Bad debts (िंू बा हुआ धन ) ++
To / Cr

1. Firm sold goods of 50000 to mohit on credit

To S a l e s A / C 5 0 0 0 0 ( S a l e s ) Capital

By Mohit A/C 50000 (Sundry Debtor)

2. Money had be taken from Mohit has become bad debts -- By / Dr

++
To M o h i t A / C 5 0 0 0 0 ( S u n d r y D e b t o r ) by / Dr

By Bad debts A/C 50000 (Sundry Debtor)

Assets
3. Firm received bad debts from Mohit 25000 by sbi check
Expenses

To B a d d e b t s A / C 5 0 0 0 0 ( S u n d r y D e b t o r )
By S.B.I. A/C 50000 (Sundry Debtor) -- To / Cr
 Depreciation (घाटन दर )
ककसी बी fixed assets को हभ जजतना use कयते है उसकीां value उतनी ही घ जाती है इस value की घा न दय
को ही हभ Depreciation कहते है हभ जजतना fixed assets इस्तेभार कयते है उतना ही उसकी value बी घ ती है
इसीलरए मह हभाये लरए एक्सऩें स है

Note :- Land में Depreciation नहीीं ऱगता है क्यों की land की value कभी नहीीं घटती है

Firm got depreciation of 5000 in machine

- Machine A/C 50000 (Fixed assets ) To M a c h i n e A / C 5 0 0 0 0

+ Depreciation A/C 50000 (Ind. Expense) By Depreciation A/C 50000

 Firm Vehicle 5 Lac with 5000 Depreciation

- vehicle A/C 500000 (Fixed assets ) To Ve h i c l e A / C 5 0 0 0 0 0

+ Depreciation A/C 5000 (Ind. Expense) By Depreciation A/C 5000

+ Cash A/C 495000 (Assets) By Cash A/C 495000

Firm Got depreciation of 9000 in Computer

- Computer A/C 9000 (Fixed assets ) To C o m p u t e r A / C 9 0 0 0

+ Depreciation A/C 9000 (Ind. Expense) By Depreciation A/C 9000

 G.S.T.
( Goods and service tax)

 What is GST ?
 Why G.S.T. ?
 How does it effect economy
 G.S.T.
( Goods and service tax)
 G.S.T. is an indirect Tax
 G.s.t is a comprehensive tax
 G.S.T. is a Value added Tax
 G.S.T. is a multistage Tax
 G.S.T. is a Destination based Tax
 Tax

Direct Indirect Central(15) State(20) Local

Applicable on X  Income Tax
Applicable on X
 Corporate Tax  Sale Tax
Taken From X
Taken From Y
 Capital transfer Tax  Excise duty Tax
 Security Transaction Tax
 Excise Duty Tax
 Service Tax
 Custom Duty Tax
 Tax
Whole seller(50,000)
Excise tax Dealer(25000)
Firm

9,12400(Sale Price )
=9,12400 +91240 1028640 + sale
7 L (12%)+ 84000 = 784000 + (10 %) tax(102864)=113150
sale tax (10%) 78,400= 862400 1003640 4
Rs

Sale tax  Excise

tax(12%)=84000
 Sale tax1
Van = 7 Lac (10%)=78400
Excise tax ( 12%) = 84000  Sale Tax 2(10
784000  Excise tax(12%)=84000
 Van = r.s . 7 L %)=91240
Sales tax ( 10%) =78400  Sale tax1 (10%)=78400
862400+50000(profit)  Sale Tax 3 (10
Van = 862400 Rs+50,000 %)=10286)=78400
Sale Price =912400  Sales tax
2(10%)=91240 Sale Tax 2(10 %)=91240
Purchase = 1003640  Sale Tax 3 (10
Sale price=1028640(25000 profit) %)=102864
Total Tax=356504
Product cost= 7,75000
+356504

Price =1131504 R s

Cascading Effect (pay tax on tax) ost= 7,75000 +356504

Price =1131504 R s
 Tax (Vat)
Excise tax(84000)
Firm Whole seller(50,000) Dealer(25000)

834000 (car) +83400(input vat)=9,17,400

7 L (12%)+ 84000 = 784000 8,59,000+ vat input (85,900)= 9,44,900
+ Vat tax (10%) 78,400=
862400 Rs

Van = 7 ,84000Lac
 Van = Vat 1 input ( 10%) =78400
r.s . 7 L Van = 862400 Rs+50,000 Sale =8,59,000
Car= 77500
Sale Price =834000 Output vat =85900 Total Tax= 1,69,900
Vat output=83400 = 9,44,900 9,44,900
= 9,17,400
Vat 1(78400)

Vat 2= (83400-78400) =5000 Vat 3= (85900-83400) =2500

Total tax= 1 ,59,900

Less Cascading Effect (pay tax on tax)

 G.S.T.
( Goods and service tax)
G.S.T. is an indirect Tax
G.S.T. जिसपे लगता है / उस से नहीं बजडक shopkeeper
pay करते है िो की last में customer से वसूल जलया िाता
है / इसीजलए यह indirect टैक्सस है /
 G.S.T.
( Goods and service tax)
G.S.T. is a Comprehensive tax
G.S.T. बहोत सरे टैक्सस को हटाकर लगाया गया इसीजलए इसे comprehensive tax कहा िाता है जिसमे मुख्यता

G.S.T.
Central State

C.E.D
S. Tax V.A.T.
A.C.D. Entry Tax
S.A.C.D. Entertainment Tax
A.E.D. Central Sale tax
 G.S.T. is an indirect Tax Advertisement tax
 G.s.t is a comprehensive tax
 G.S.T. is a Value added Tax
 G.S.T. is a multistage Tax
 G.S.T. is a Destination based Tax
 G.S.T.
( Goods and service tax)
G.S.T. is a Multistaged Tax
G.S.T. एक भल् ी staged ै क्स है क्मों की मे manufactring ऩे बी रगता है sales ऩे बी रगता है means अरग अरग
अिस्थाओ ऩे रगता है इसीलरए इसे multistaged ै क्स कहा जाता है

 G.S.T. is an indirect Tax

 G.s.t is a comprehensive tax
 G.S.T. is a Value added Tax
 G.S.T. is a multistage Tax
 G.S.T. is a Destination based Tax
 G.S.T.
( Goods and service tax)
G.S.T. is a Destination based Tax

G.S.T. का ज्मादातय profit उस स् े को लभरता है जहाँ प्रोडक् की खऩत होती है क्मों की फाकी साया
इनऩु होकय last भें ही output होता है औय जजस स् े भें last output
G.S. T जजस स् े ऩे फनेगा लसपम उसी का इनऩु नहीां होगा मानी उसी स् े को ज्मादा profit होगा

 G.S.T. is an indirect Tax

 G.s.t is a comprehensive tax
 G.S.T. is a Value added Tax
 G.S.T. is a multistage Tax
 G.S.T. is a Destination based Tax
 G.S.T.
( Goods and service tax)
G.S.T. is a Value added Tax
G.S.T. भें भार खयीदते सभम इनऩु GST का बफर फनता है औय फेचते सभम
OUTPUT GST का औय output से इनऩु घ ाकय ही saller को gst pay कयना होता है अथामत saller जजतना प्राइस
अऩने तयप से ऐड कयता है उतना ही gst pay कणम ऩड़ता है

Net GST = Out GST-input gst

 G.S.T. is an indirect Tax

 G.s.t is a comprehensive tax
 G.S.T. is a Value added Tax
 G.S.T. is a multistage Tax
 G.S.T. is a Destination based Tax
 Net G.S.T= total output GST- total input GST
G.S.T( 10%) (84000)
Firm Whole seller(50,000) Dealer(25000)

7 L (10% Gst output)+

70,000=7,70,000

Van = 7 ,70,000Lac (70,000 input gst)

Van = r.s . 7 L
Sale Price =7,50,000 Purchase =7,50,000 Car= 775000
output Gst =75000 Input gst =75,000 Total Tax= 77500
= 8,50,000 852000
= 8,50,000
Sale 7,75,000
Output gst=77500
=8,52,000

Total tax= 77500

No cascading effect (pay tax on tax)

 GST(Goods and Service tax)

Intrastate GST Interstate GST

Integrated GST
C GST ( Central GST) SGST ( State GST)

INPUT I GST OUTPUT I GST

INPUT C GST OUTPUT C GST
INPUT S GST OUTPUT S GST
 Journal Entries
1:- Firm purchased Goods of 50000 with 10 % GST (INTERASTATE)

BY PURCHASE A/C 50,000

BY INPUT CGST A/C 2500
BY INPUT SGST A/C 2500
TO CASH A/C 55000

2:- Firm purchased Goods of 50000 with 10 % GST From Shivam (INTER STATE)

BY PURCHASE A/C 50,000

BY INPUT IGST A/C 5000
TO Shivam A/C 55000
1:- Firm Sold Goods of 60000 with 10 % GST (INTER STATE)
TO SALES A/C 60000
TO OUTPUT CGST A/C 3000
TO OUT PUT SGST A/C 3000
BY CASH A/C 66,000

2:- Firm Sold Goods of 60000 with 10 % GST From Sharoj (INTER STATE)
TO SALES A/C 60000
TO OUTPUT IGST A/C 6000
BY SHAROJ A/C 66,000

NET GST= TOTAL OUTPUT GST- TOTAL INPUT GST

NET C GST= 3000- 2500= 500
NET S GST= 3000- 2500 = 500

NET I GST= 6000- 5000=1000