fhe process in which workplaces, peeho use them. It aims to Ergonomies Ergonomics is the study of people in their workplace and is 1 dso that they fit the peoP! the scientific discipline fa system, and the human well improve workspaces and environments to reduce the risk of injury sore among humans and other elements of 9 9 der to optimize concerned with the understanding of interact jples, data and methods to design in or anatomy and physiology fe strengths and abilities profession that applies theory, Pri being and overall system performance. Ergonomics is a science-based discipline. It neering and statistics and ensures t brings together knowledge from hat the designs complement th Psychol of people who use it Ergonomics Process: Assess Risks + Plan Improvements + Measure Progress + Scale Solutions Why is Ergonomics important? ace, when body is stressed by an awkward posture, extreme temperature, oF repeated Tockeletal system can be affected. Hence ergonomics play major role ih ‘uries or illness like computer vision syndrome, neck and back pair .e workspaces by bringing human abilit individual's body size, strength, skill, + Inworkpl movement, the museul reducing these work related and carpal tunnel syndrome etc. + To create safe, comfortable and productiv' into the design of a workspace, which includes the speed, sensory abilities and attitudes. = Tomake employees more comfortable and increase productivity. ies and limitations nomics work? ious disciplines and is used to design an equipment, modify or iuce the risk injuries that can Je using them and helps to red How does Er; Data and information are collected from vari rearrange them in a way that it benefits peop! happen. «Anthropometry: body sizes, shapes; populations and variations : Biomechanics: muscles, levers, forces, strength light, heat, cold, radiation, vibration body systems: hearing, vision, Environmental physics: noise, sensations «Applied psychology: skill, learning, errors, differences 2 Social psychology: groups, communication, learning, behaviors. Mechanical and industrial engineering + Industrial design + Information design + Kinesiology + PhysiologyErgonomi Doi omains of Specialization Accord rding to the International Ergonomics Association, there are three broad domains of ¢ | Lumbar’ Support for} Lower Back Physical Ergonomics Physical ergonomics is ver anthropometric, physiolo} better working place with jobs designed to experience, It is an approach or solution to much focused on workplace ergonomies and takes human anatomical, | and biomechanical characteristics into consideration. It is all about building match capabilities of people resulting in better working deal with a number of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.emory, reasoning, and ception, memory, a Cognitive Ergonomics Ta etudy that focuses on how well processes, such as per it is the field Cognitive ergonomies is concerned with m hey affect interactions among humans including their work satisfaction mics refers to the op' nolicies and processes. It includ tion of social techni Jes team work, job shifts risk of work related injuries and illness ny alth Improved mental insight 5. Better product quality sed pain Happy employee 8. Improved employee engagement 9. Better safety culture ANTHROPOMETRY Before we give a description of what design anthropometry is, let us first understand the term anthropometry was introduced by Georges Cuvier (1769-1832). -ourse in physical caning of the term anthropometry. The ‘rench naturalist. The first use of anthropometry in anthropology was of c« cy where it was used to study human variability among different ‘human races. It was also used to nparative study of human beings and primates (Herron, 2006). Anthropometry comes from the Greek words, anthropos (man) and metron (measure). Put together the words mean, measurement of man or in today’s t -asurement of humans (ibid). The measurement done through anthropometry concentrates on bodily characteristics like body composition and body shape, which is known as static anthropometry and measurement of the body's movement and strength capacities and how space is used. This is known as dynamic ry (ibid). ERGONOMIC DESIGN OF DISPLAY INSTRUMENTS While designing any product, a designer has to incorporate the principles of ergonomics, in additions to the technical and managerial features. The application of the ergonomic features mainly is associated with the sub- units or components or sub-produets of the main products where the humans are directly connected with them. These sub-units or components (in some cases main products also) include the display devices and controlling devices. Thus the ergonomic design of display and controlling units will automatically ensure ergonomic design of entire product. We shall now discuss about the design factors for display devices. There are three main types of commercially produced display instruments : (a) Analogue Display system (Type-1) - Round dial with movable pointer. (b) Analogue Display system (Type-11) - Fixed pointer with movable dial. (¢) Digital Display system - Open window in which the numerical value can be read directly. General Guidelines for Designing the Display Devices (a) The degree of accuracy shown on the dial ‘must be in accordance with the required accuracy. Ifa dial gives accuracy greater than the required makes reading more difficult and leads to reading error, (b) The dial should give the correct and needed information topene urbe ames of 1.2 5 he"™OUS norma Print merical figures shou, ta Superftuous ©) As fae is a & posit gy raise dt : a ns astat Ao" ope ein glo OMe se and rear eee Fo ay ee Bistaer ee showthe correct numerical valu fon OTe je nr a FguRES MUS be adjuste psofltic te flowing formula may ne tate oman a i mation = 1, We DESIGN OF CONTROLLING visual distance in BESION OF DEVICES ime [emma | la 4 eae 2 At lp | ‘Two hands t | | is 2. |e. ra One hand 4 = Toeha t (siraultaneously) ?4ahe | sos | ‘po 6 fe me | Ae | | (simuttaneousy) 1S fe (One Hang | | 1.25 ee | Twolands Pedals | One foot (at random) | One foo sequenily)