CHAPTER NOTES 1

According to Newton, a force of viscosity F acting

SECTION-A
tangentially between two layers is
Viscosity
(i) Proportional to the area 𝐴 of the layers in
 Viscosity:
contact.
Viscosity is the property of fluid by virtue of
which an internal force of friction comes into (ii) Proportional to the velocity gradient
play when a fluid is in motion and which opposes  d v / dx  between the two layers
the relative motion between its different
dv dv
layers.  FA  F   A
dx dx

Where  is the coefficient of viscosity of the

liquid. It depends on the nature of the liquid and
gives a measure of viscosity.

→ Negative sign shows that the viscous force

acts in a direction opposite to the direction of
motion of the liquid.
 Coefficient of viscosity:

Suppose a liquid is flowing steadily in the form

Units of coefficient of viscosity:
of parallel layers on a fixed horizontal surface.
(i) CGS unit of  is dyne s cm-2 (or) g cm-1 s-1
Consider two layers at distances x & x + dx from
the solid surface and moving with velocities v and is called poise.

and v + dv.
(ii)The SI unit of  is N sec m-2 (or) kg m-1 𝒔-1
dv and is called decapoise (or) poiseuille.
Then is the rate of change of velocity with
dx
distance in the direction of increasing distance &  Relation between poiseuille and poise
is called velocity gradient.
1 poiseuille (or) 1 decapoise = 1 Nsec m-2

= (105 dyne) × sec × (102 cm-2)

= 10 dyne s cm-2 =10 poise

 Strain rate & shearing stress:

dv
Strain rate  & Shearing stress   strainrate
dx
 CHAPTER NOTES 2
 Effect of temperature on viscosity: According to Stokes' law, the backward viscous
force acting on a small spherical body of radius
When a liquid is heated, the kinetic energy of its
r moving with uniform velocity v through fluid of
molecules increases and the intermolecular
attractions become weaker. viscosity   is F  6  r v

Hence the viscosity of a liquid decreases with the v

increase in its temperature.

 When the temperature increases, the t

viscosity of:
Conditions under which Stokes' law
 Temperature   , then
is valid:
Gases viscosity  , Liquid viscosity 
(i) The body is small, smooth and rigid and

 Practical applications of the knowledge of moves slowly.

viscosity: (ii) The medium is homogeneous and has

infinite extension.
(1) In selecting a lubricant suitable for a given
machine for its working in different seasons. (iii) There is no slip between the body and the
fluid.
(2) In determining the shape and molecular
weight of some organic liquids like proteins,
 Terminal velocity:
cellulose, etc.
The maximum constant velocity acquired by a
body while falling through a viscous medium is
SECTION-B
called its terminal velocity.
STOKES LAW and TERMINAL VELOCITY
 Expression for terminal velocity:
 Stokes' law:
(i) Weight of the body acting vertically
When a body falls through a viscous fluid, it
4 
produces relative motion between different downwards. W  mg    r 3   g
3 
layers of the fluid. U
F
As a result, the body experiences a viscous force r

which tends to retard its motion.

This retarding force increases with the W

increase in velocity of the body.

 CHAPTER NOTES 3
(ii) Upward thrust equal to the weight of the (a) 4.94 m s –1
(b) 14.4 m s –1

4
liquid displaced. U   r 3  g (c) 43.56 m s –1 (d) 250.6 m s –1
3
SOLUTION: (a)
(iii) Force of viscosity F acting in the upward
direction. According to Stokes' law, F  6  r v TYPE-II: Viscous force on a body placed in a
liquid:
→ When the body attains terminal velocity vt
Viscous forces (upward)
4 3 4
F U  W   r  g  6 r  vt    r 3  g  Actual weight  Upthrust
3 3
     
4 2 r     g
2
 Vg  1  2   V 1  g 1  2   Mg 1  2 
 6 rvt   r 3      g  vt   1   1 
3 9 
(Here 1  Density of body, 2  Density of liquid)
 Rise of air bubbles in a liquid:

The density of air bubbles is less than the Q.1. A spherical ball of volume V is made of a

density of liquid i.e.,    (or )      is negative. material of density 1 . It is falling through a

liquid of density 2  2  1  . Assume viscous

Hence the terminal velocity is negative or the
air bubble rises through the liquid. force on the ball is k v 2  k  0 . Find the

terminal velocity of the ball.

TYPE-I: Viscous force balanced weight of body
(Buoyancy Neglect): SOLUTION:

→ Viscous forces (upward) Weight of body = Buoyant force + Viscous force

 Actual weight  Upthrust V g   1  2 

 V 1 g  V  2 g  k v 2  v
k
Fviscous  Actual weight – 0 = Actual weight

Q.1. A raindrop with radius R = 0.2 mm falls Q.2. A small ball of mass M and density  is

from a cloud at a height h = 2000 m above the dropped in a viscous liquid of density  0 . After
ground. Assume that the drop is spherical some time, the ball falls with a constant
through its fall and the force of buoyance may velocity. What is the viscous force on the ball?
be neglected, then the terminal speed attained
     
by the raindrop is: (a) F  M g  1 – 0  (b) F  M g  1  
    0 
[  w  1000 kg m ,  a  1.2 kg , Coefficient of
–3 –3

  
viscosity of air = 1.8  10–5 Nsm–2 ] (c) F  M g  1  0  (d) F  M g 1  0 
  
CHAPTER NOTES 4
SOLUTION: (a) mg  4 
   6  r v   r 3  g 
2  3 
TYPE-III: A drop falling vertically through
1 4 3   4 3 
air with acceleration (i.e., a drop does not    r   g   6  r v   r  g 
23   3 
get terminal velocity)
U
F 4 31 
r   r      g  6  r v
3 2 
Acceleration
4 31  r2g
W   r      g  6 rv  v     2 
3 2  9
W   F  U   ma  mg   6  r v  U   ma
Type-IV: A object Dropping freely and its
 4 3 velocity equal to terminal velocity:
 m g   6  r v  V  g   ma  V   r 
 3 
Q.1. A ball of radius r and density  falls freely
Q.1. What is the velocity v of a metallic ball of under gravity through a distance h before
radius r falling in a tank of liquid at the instant entering water. Velocity of ball does not change
when its acceleration is one-half that of a freely even on entering water. If viscosity of water is
falling body? (The densities of metal and of
, the value of h is given by
liquid are  and  respectively, and the viscosity
h
of the liquid is ).

r2g r2 g
(a)    2  (b)  2   
9 9

r2g 2r 2 g 2 1   2 2   1 
(c)    (d)    (a) r 2  g (b) r  g
9 9 9    81   

2 2
SOLUTION: (a) 2   1  2   1 
(c) r 4   g (d) r 4   g
81    9   

SOLUTION: (c)

 Velocity of ball when it strikes the water

surface: v  2 gh …(i)

 Terminal velocity of ball inside the water

W   F  U   ma  mg   6 rv  U   m  g /2
2 2    1
v r g …(ii)
 4  mg 9 
 mg   6  r v   r 3  g  
 3  2
CHAPTER NOTES 5
2
2r g (a) 0.4 m/s (b) 0.133 m/s
Equating (i) and (ii): 2 gh  (   1)
9 
(c) 0.1 m/s (d) 0.2 m/s
2
2 4   1  SOLUTION: (c)
 h r   g
81   
2r 2  d1  d2  g
Terminal velocity: vT 
9
TYPE-V: N spherical rain drops-combine to
form one large spherical drop:

vT2

10.5  1.5  vT2  0.2  9/18  0.1 m / s
Volumeof abigdrop  N  Volumeof asmalldrop
0.2 19.5  1.5

4 3 4
  R  N   r3  R  r  3 N EXTRA INFORMATION
3 3
2 2 → Similarities & Differences Between
vbigdrop R r  3 N 
   N 
2/3
v  r
2
    
vsmalldrop 
r   r  Viscosity and Solid Friction:

(1) Similarities:
Q.1. Two drops of the same radius are falling
(1) Both are due to molecular attractions.
through air with a steady velocity of 5 cm per
sec. If the two drops coalesce, the terminal (2) Differences:
velocity would be
Viscosity Solid Friction
(a) 10 cm per sec (b) 2.5 cm per sec
Viscous drag is Friction is
(c) 5  (4) cm per sec
1/3
(d) 5  2 cm per sec proportional to the independent of the
relative velocity relative velocity
SOLUTION: (c)
between two layers of between two surfaces.
2
vbigdrop 2
R r  3 N  liquid.
        N 
2/3

vsmalldrop 
r   r 
TYPE-I: For constant velocity  a  0  :
 v big drop  v small drop   N  2/3  5  (4)1/3
dv
 Fext  Fviscous  ma  Fext  Fviscous   A
TYPE-VI: Terminal velocity of a sphere placed dx
in a liquid:
Q.1. A man is rowing a boat with a

Q.1. If the terminal speed of a sphere of gold constant velocity ‘v0’ in a river the contact

(density =19.5 kg/ m3) is 0.2 m/s in a viscous area of boat is ‘A’ and coefficient of viscosity is
. The depth of river is ‘D’. Find the force
liquid (density = 1.5 kg/ m3), find the terminal
required to row the boat.
speed of a sphere of silver (density = 10.5 kg/ m3
) of the same size in the same liquid SOLUTION:
CHAPTER NOTES 6
Here, F – FT = m ares Q.1. A sphere is dropped gently into a

→ As boat moves with constant velocity: medium of infinite extent. As the sphere
falls, the force acting downwards on it
ares = 0
(a) remains constant throughout
v 
Now, F = FT  F = FT =  A  0  (Bb) increases for sometime and then becomes
D
constant
 dv  v0  0   v0  
 FT   A d z   A  D    A  D   (c) decreases for sometime and then becomes
    
zero
Q.2. A cubical block (of side 2 m) of mass
(d) increases for sometime and then decreases.
20 kg slides on inclined plane lubricated
with the oil of viscosity  = 10–1 poise with SOLUTION: (c)
constant velocity of 10 m/sec (g = 10 m/s2). Fnet  (Upthrust  Viscous force)  Weight
find out the thickness of layer of liquid.
 Fnet  Zero
SOLUTION:

dv dv  dv v  CASE-2: No viscous medium (i.e.

F=A
dz
 mg sin =  A
dz  dz  h  Vacuum):
 

10 In vacuum there will not be any viscous

 20 × 10 × sin 30° =  × 4 ×
h force, so velocity keep on Increase.

 h = 4 × 10–3 m = 4 mm
NOTE: In vacuum, only Gravitational
[  = 10–1 poise = 10–2 N-sec-m–2] force acting on body. Hence, it’s an
accelerated motion and terminal
 Terminal Velocity:
velocity will never be attained
CASE-1: At equilibrium:
Q.1. A solid sphere falls with a terminal
Upthrust  Viscous force  Weight
velocity of 10 m/s in air. If it is allowed to
Fnet  (Upthrust  Viscous force)  Weight fall in vacuum:

 Fnet  Zero (a) Terminal velocity will be more than 10 m/s

(b) Terminal velocity will be less than 10 m/s

(When a sphere is dropped into a viscous
medium, then force acting downward on (c) Terminal velocity will be 10 m/s
it gradually decrease due to buoyant force (d) There will be no terminal velocity
and reaches equilibrium)
SOLUTION: (d)
CHAPTER NOTES 7
There will not be any viscous force so come when the forces become equal and
velocity will keep on increasing. the ball attains a constant velocity.

→Viscous force will keep on increasing

Important point:
as the no. of layers of liquid will keep on
(1) When an object falls with freely (u= 0): increasing as the object moves deeper
inside the liquid.

Q.1. A spherical ball is dropped in a long

column of viscous liquid. Which of the
following graphs represent the variation of
In the beginning falls with gravity
F
acceleration g, but soon the acceleration
P
goes on decreasing rapidly, due to the
Q
viscosity of air the acceleration of the
object becomes ultimately zero
R
O t
Q.1. A spherical ball is moving with
terminal velocity inside a liquid. Determine (i) Gravitational force with time

the relationship of rate of heat loss with the (ii) Viscous force with time
radius of ball.
(iii) Net force acting on the ball with
SOLUTION: time

Rate of heat loss = power = F × v = (6rv) × v (a) Q, R, P (b) R, Q, P

2
 2 gr 2 ( 0    )  (c) P, Q, R (d) R, P, Q
= 6   r v2 = 6  r  
9  
SOLUTION: (c)
 Rate of heat loss  r 5

TYPE-I: Variation of Viscous Force,

Gravity Force, Net force with time:

→Gravitational force remains constant.

→Net force acting on the ball will keep on

decrease because the buoyancy force will
keep on increasing as the ball achieves
more and more depth. So, a time will
 DAILY ACTIVITY 1
4. A small drop of water falls from rest
VISCOSITY
through a large height h in air; the final
1. A square plate of 0.1 m side moves velocity is
parallel to a second plate with a
velocity of 0.1 m/s, both plates being (a)  h (b)  h (c) (1 / h)

immersed in water. If the viscous (d) Almost independent of h

force is 0.002 N and the coefficient of
viscosity is 0.01 poise, distance
SOLUTION
between the plates in metre is

(a) 0.1 (b) 0.05 1. (d) A  (0.1)2  0.01m2 , F = 0.002 N

(c) 0.005 (d) 0.0005   0.01 poise  0.001 decapoise , dv = 0.1 m/s

2. A small sphere of mass m is dropped dv  Adv

 F  A  dx 
dx F
from a great height. After it has fallen
100 m, it has attained its terminal Adv 0.001  0.01  0.1
 dx    0.0005 m
velocity and continues to fall at that F 0.002
speed. The work done by air friction
2. (b) In the first 100 m body starts from
against the sphere during the first 100 m
rest and its velocity goes on increasing
of fall is
and after 100 m it acquire maximum
(a) Greater than the work done by air velocity (terminal velocity). Further, air
friction in the second 100 m friction i.e., viscous force which is
(b) Less than the work done by air friction proportional to velocity is low in the
in the second 100 m beginning and maximum at v  vT .

(c) Equal to 100 mg Hence work done against air friction in the
(d) Greater than 100 mg first 100 m is less than the work done in
next 100 m.
3. As the temperature of water
increases, its viscosity
3. (b)
(a) Remains unchanged

(b) Decreases 4. (d)

(c) Increases
Poiseuille’s Formula
(d) Increases or decreases depending on
the external pressure 1. A liquid is flowing in a horizontal uniform
capillary tube under a constant
 DAILY ACTIVITY 2
pressure difference P. The value of and the pressure increased to 2P, the
pressure for which the rate of flow of rate of flow becomes
the liquid is doubled when the radius
(a) 4Q (b) Q
and length both are doubled is
(c) Q/4 (d) Q/8
(a) P (b) 3P / 4
SOLUTION
(c) P / 2 (d) P / 4
P r4
1. (d) Rate of flow of water: V 
2. We have two (narrow) capillary tubes T1 8 l
and T2. Their lengths are l1 and l2 and 4
V l P V l r 
radii of cross-section are r1 and r2  P 8 4  2  2  2  1 
r P1 V1 l1  r2 
respectively. The rate of flow of water
4
under a pressure difference P through P2 1 1 P1 P
  2 2     P2  
tube T1 is 8 cm3/sec. If l1 = 2l2 & r1 = r2, P1 2 4 4 4
what will be the rate of flow when the
two tubes are connected in series and P 8 cm3
2. (b) Rate of flow of liquid V1   
R sec
pressure difference across the
combination is same as before (= P) 8 l1
Where liquid resistance: R1 
 r14
(a) 4 cm3/sec (b) (16/3) cm3/sec

(c) (8/17) cm3/sec (d) None of these → For another tube liquid resistance

3. In Poiseuilli's method of determination 8 l2 8  l1 / 2

R2    R1 / 2
  r2   r14
4
of coefficient of viscosity, the physical
quantity that requires greater accuracy
→ For the series combination
in measurement is
P P 2 P 2 16
VNew     8 
(a) Pressure difference R1  R2 R1   R1 / 2 3 R1 3 3

(b) Volume of the liquid collected

3. (d)
(c) Length of the capillary tube
P r4
(d) Inner radius of the capillary tube 4. (d) Rate of flow of water: V 
8 l
4. Water flows in a streamlined manner  V  P r4 ( and l are constants)
through a capillary tube of radius a, the
4 4
pressure difference being P and the rate of V  P r  1 1 Q
 2   2   2  = 2   =  V2 
V1  P1   r1  2 8 8
flow Q. If the radius is reduced to a/2
BOUNCH SERIES 1
3. From amongst the following curves,
VISCOSITY
which one shows the variation of the

LEVEL-1 velocity v with time t for a small sized

spherical body falling vertically in a
TYPE-I: Viscous Force: long column of a viscous liquid
1. Relative velocity of two consecutive v v
layers is 8 cm/s. If perpendicular
(a) (b)
distance between the layers is 0.1 cm,
t
then the velocity gradient will be
t
v v
(a) 8 sec–1 (b) 80 sec–1

(c) 0.8 sec–1 (d) 0.08 sec–1 (c) (d)

SOLUTION O t O t

dv 8 4. A small spherical solid ball is

1. (b)   80 s 1
dx 0.1 dropped from a great height in a
viscous liquid. Its journey in the liquid
is best described in the diagram
TYPE-II: Terminal Velocity:
given below by the
1. Terminal velocity of water drop
(a) Curve A
depends upon the
A
(b) Curve B Velocity (v) B
(a) Radius of drop
(c) Curve C C
(b) Charge on drop D

(c) Temperature of drop (d) Curve D Time (t)

(d) Velocity of light in that medium 5. A lead shot of 1 mm diameter falls

2. A small ball (mass m) falling under through a long column of glycerine. The
gravity in a viscous medium variation of its velocity v with
experience a drag force proportional distance covered is represented by
to the instantaneous speed u such
v v
that Ft  ku . Then the terminal speed of
(a) (b)
ball with in viscous medium is
Distance covered Distance covered
k mg
(a) (b)
mg k (c) v (d) v
2
mg mg
(c) (d)  
k  k  Distance covered Distance covered
BOUNCH SERIES 2
SOLUTION

2r 2      g
1. (a) Terminal velocity: v 
9
 Terminal velocity  v   r 2

Therefore, terminal velocity depends upon

the radius of drop.

2. (b)

Upthrust (U)

FViscous  U  m g  ku  V  g V  g

 k u  V  g  V  g  k u V g     

Vg V g    
 u      1    mg  1  
k k    

3. (d)

4. (b)

5. (a)
IIT (MAINS + ADVANCE) 1
VISCOSITY square of its speed v , i.e. F   kv  k  0 . The
2

terminal speed of the ball is

Stokes's Law
Vg  1  2  Vg1
(Buoyancy Neglect) (a) (b)
k k
1. Spherical balls of radius ‘R’ are falling in
Vg1 Vg  1  2 
a viscous fluid of viscosity ‘  ’ with a velocity (c) (d)
k k
‘ v ’. The retarding viscous force acting on
[2008]
the spherical ball is
Solution: (a)
(a) Inversely proportional to both radius ‘R’
and velocity ‘ v ’ Wt of body = Buoyant force + Viscous force

V g ( 1  2 )
(b) Directly proportional to both radius ‘R’ and  V 1 g  V 2 g  kv 2  v 
k
velocity ‘ v ’

(c) Directly proportional to ‘R’ but inversely Type-II: Formula based:

proportional to ‘ v ’
1. If the terminal speed of a sphere of gold
(d) Inversely proportional to ‘R’ but directly (density =19.5 kg/ m3 ) is 0.2 m/s in a
proportional to velocity ‘ v ’ viscous liquid (density = 1.5 kg/ m3 ), find
[2004] the terminal speed of a sphere of silver

Solution: (b) (density = 10.5 kg/ m3 ) of the same size in

the same liquid
From Stokes’s law, viscous force, F  6 r v
(a) 0.4 m/s (b) 0.133 m/s
 F is directly proportional to radius and
(c) 0.1 m/s (d) 0.2 m/s
velocity.
[2006]
Terminal Velocity
Solution: (c)
Type-I: Viscous force under
2r 2  d1  d2  g
equilibrium: Terminal velocity: vT 
9
1. A spherical solid ball of volume V is

vT2

10.5  1.5  vT2  0.2   9/18  0.1 m / s
made of a material of density 1 . It is falling 0.2 19.5  1.5
through a liquid of density 1 ( 2 < 1 ).
2. If a ball of steel (density  =7.8 g cm3 )
Assume that the liquid applies a viscous
attains a terminal velocity of 10 cm s 1
force on the ball that is proportional to the
IIT (MAINS + ADVANCE) 2
when falling in water (Coefficient of
viscosity water  8.5  104 Pa.s), then, its

terminal velocity in glycerin (   1.2g

cm3 ,   13.2 Pa.s) would be, nearly

[2016]
4 1 4 1
(a) 6.25 10 cms (b) 6.45 10 cms
Solution: (c)

(c) 1.5 105 cms 1 (d) 1.6 105 cms 1


Velocity  v   vt 1  e   t 
[2011]
d d
Solution: (a)
and a 
dt dt
 
 v   vt 1  e  t   vt e  t

2r 2  d1  d2  g  d1  d2 
 vT   vT 
9 
Viscous Fluid (2019-23)
v  7.8  1.2 8.5  10 4
  
v 7.8  1 13.2 Viscosity, Cause of viscosity,
coefficient of viscosity
v 7.8  1.2 8.5  104
    v  6.25  104 cm / s
10 7.8 1 13.2
Integer Type:

Type-III: Graph for Terminal 1. A metal block of base area 0.20m 2 is

Velocity: placed on a table, as shown in figure. A liquid

1. Which of the following option correctly film of thickness 0.25 mm is inserted

describes the variations of the speed v and between the block and the table. The

acceleration a of a point mass falling block is pushed by a horizontal force of

vertically in a viscous medium that 0.1 N and moves with a constant speed. If the

viscosity of the liquid is 5.010 Poiseuille,

–3
applies a force F  kv , where k is a constant,
on the body? (Graphs are schematic and not the speed of the block is .......... 10–3 m / s .
drawn to scale)
IIT (MAINS + ADVANCE) 3
(29 Jan, 2023 (Shift-II)) Ans: (100)

Ans: (25)
Matching List Type
Assertion–Reason:
1. Match List-I with List-II
1. Given below are two statements: One is
LIST-I LIST-II
labelled as Assertion A and the other is
labelled as Reason R. A. Torque I. ML T
–2 –2

Assertion→ A: Product of Pressure (P) B. Stress 2 –2

II. MLT
and time (t) has the same dimension as
that of coefficient of viscosity. C. Pressure gradient III. ML T
–1 –1

Force
Reason→ R:   D. Coefficient of viscosity –1 –2
Velocity gradient IV. ML T

Choose the correct answer from the Choose the correct answer from the options
options given below: given below:

(a) Bothe A and R true, and R is correct (a) A→III, B→IV, C→I, D→II
explanation of A.
(b) A→IV, B→II, C→III, D→I
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
(c) A→II, B→IV, C→I, D→III
correct explanation of A.
(d) A→II, B→I, C→IV, D→III
(c) A is true but R is false.
(8 April, 2023 (Shift-II))
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (c)
(28 June, 2022 (Shift-I))

Ans: (c)
Reynolds Number  N R  R e 
Integer Type:
1. If ρ is the density and  is coefficient
1. The velocity of upper layer of water in
of viscosity of fluid which flows with a
–1
a river is 36 kmh . Shearing stress between speed v in the pipe of diameter d, the
horizontal layers of water is 10–3 Nm–2 . Depth correct formula for Reynolds number Re
of the river is ........... m. (Co-efficient of is:
–2
viscosity of water is 10 Pa-s)
(a) Re   d (b) Re   v
v d
(25 June, 2022 (Shift-I))
IIT (MAINS + ADVANCE) 4
(c) R e   v d (d) R e  
  vd
Stokes's Law
(26 June, 2022 (Shift-II)) (Buoyancy Neglect)
Ans: (c)
1. A water drop of radius 1  m falls in a
2. Water from a pipe is coming at a rate situation; where the effect of buoyant
of 100 litres/minute. If the radius of the pipe force is negligible. Co-efficient of
is 5 cm, the Reynolds number for the flow viscosity of air is 1.8  10–5 Nsm–2 and its
is of the order of: (density of water = 1000 density is negligible as compared to
3
kg/ m , coefficient of viscosity of water = 10-3 that of water 106 gm–3 . Terminal velocity
Pas) of the water drop is: (Take: g  10 m s –2 )
(a) 106 (b) 103
(a) 145.4  10–6 ms –1 (b) 118.0  10–6 ms –1
(c) 104 (d) 102
(c) 132.6  10–6 ms –1 (d) 123.4  10–6 ms –1
(8 April, 2019 (Shift-I))
(28 June, 2022 (Shift-II))
Ans: (c)
Ans: (d)

Integer Type: Integer Type:

1. What will be the nature of flow of water 1. An air bubble of diameter 6 mm rises
form a circular tap, when its flow rate steadily through a solution of density
increased from 0.18 L/min to 0.48 L/min? 1750 kg / m3 at the rate of 0.35 cm/s. The co-
The radius of the tap and viscosity of efficient of viscosity of the solution (neglect
–3
water are 0.5 cm and 10 Pas, respectively. density of air) is ....... Pas (Given: g  10ms–2 )
(Density of water: 103 kg / m3 )
(8 April, 2023 (Shift-I))
(a) Remains steady flow
Ans: (10)
(b) Unsteady to steady flow
2. A raindrop with radius R = 0.2 mm
(c) Remains turbulent flow
falls from a cloud at a height h = 2000 m
(d) Steady flow to unsteady flow above the ground. Assume that the drop is
(16 March, 2021 (Shift-II)) spherical through its fall and the force of
buoyance may be neglected, then the
Ans: (d)
terminal speed attained by the raindrop is:
IIT (MAINS + ADVANCE) 5
[  w  1000 kg m –3 ,  a  1.2 kg –3 , Coefficient of Type-II: N-drops combine to make a

viscosity of air = 1.8  10–5 Nsm–2 ] large drop:

1. Eight equal drops of water are falling

(a) 4.94 m s –1 (b) 14.4 m s –1
through air with a steady speed of 10 cm/s.
–1 –1
(c) 43.56 m s (d) 250.6 m s If the drops coalesce, the new velocity is:

(27 July, 2021 (Shift-II)) (a) 10 cm/s (b) 40 cm/s

Ans: (a) (c) 16 cm/s (d) 5 cm/s

(11 April, 2023 (Shift-I))

3. In Millikan's oil drop experiment, what is
viscous force acting on an uncharged drop Ans: (b)

of radius 2.0 10–5 and density 1.2  103 kgm–3

2. A solid sphere, of radius R acquires a
? Take viscosity of liquid  1.8  10 Nsm . –5 –2
terminal velocity v1 when falling (due to
(Neglect buoyancy due to air).
gravity) through a viscous fluid having a
(a) 5.8  10–10 N (b) 1.8  10–10 N coefficient of viscosity  . The sphere is
broken into 27 identical solid spheres. If
(c) 3.8  10–10 N (d) 3.9  10–10 N
each of these spheres acquires a terminal
(16 March, 2021 (Shift-II))
velocity v2 , when falling through the
Ans: (d) same fluid, the ratio  v 1 / v 2  equals:

(a) 27 (b) 1/27

Terminal Velocity
(c) 9 (d) 1/9
Type-I: Formula based: (12 April, 2019 (Shift-II))
1. The terminal velocity of the spherical Ans: (c)
rain drop depends on the radius (r) of the
spherical rain drop as: Type-III: Viscous force under
(a) r 1/2 (b) r equilibrium:

(c) r 2 (d) r 3 1. A small ball of mass M and density 

(25 June, 2022 (Shift-I)) is dropped in a viscous liquid of density

 0 . After some time, the ball falls with a
Ans: (c)
constant velocity. What is the viscous
force on the ball?
IIT (MAINS + ADVANCE) 6
      Ans: (7)
(a) F  M g  1 – 0  (b) F  M g  1  
    0 
2. Velocity of a small ball of mass 0.3 gm
  
(c) F  M g  1  0  (d) F  M g 1  0  and density 8 g/cc; when dropped in a
  
container filled with glycerin becomes
(6 April, 2023 (Shift-I)) constant after some time. If the density of

Ans: (a) glycerin is 1.3 g/cc, then the value of

viscous force acting on the ball will be
2. The velocity of a small ball of mass 'm' x  10–4 N , value of x is .............
and density d1 , when dropped in a
(29 July, 2022 (Shift-II))
container filled with glycerin, becomes
Ans: (25)
constant after some time. If the density of
glycerin is d2 , then the viscous force acting
Type-IV: Rise/Fall of bubbles in a
on the ball, will be:
liquid:
 d1   d2 
(a) m g  1 –  (b) m g  1 – 
 d2   d1  Integer Type:

 d1   d2  1. The diameter of an air bubble which

(c) m g  –1 (d) m g  –1
 d2   d1  was initially 2 mm, rises steadily through

(27 June, 2022 (Shift-I)) a solution of density 1750 kgm–3 at the rate

Ans: (b) of 0.35 cms –1 . The coefficient of viscosity of

the solution is ............. poise (in nearest

Integer Type: integer). (The density of air is negligible).

(28 July, 2022 (Shift-I))

1. A spherical ball of radius 1 mm and
density 10.5 g/cc is dropped in glycerin of Ans: (11)
coefficient of viscosity 9.8 poise and
density 1.5 g / cc . Viscous force on the ball Type-V: Dropping freely and its

when it attains constant velocity is velocity equal to terminal velocity:

3696  10– x N . The value of x is .........

Integer Type:
(Given: g  9.8 m / s and   22/7 )
2

1. A small spherical ball of radius 0.1 mm

(24 Jan, 2023 (Shift-II))
and density 104 kgm–3 falls freely under
IIT (MAINS + ADVANCE) 7
gravity through a distance h before
entering a tank of water. If, after
entering the water the velocity of ball
does not change and it continue to fall
with same constant velocity inside
water, then the value of h will be .......... m.

(Given: Viscosity of water  1.0  10–5 Ns m–2 ).

(29 June, 2022 (Shift-II))

Ans: (20)