Gravitation

diameter
speed of Rotating mass Tunnel
dug along
1- Two masses • m M
Force on m
¥
"
9,7-3--1×2
.

Fm= AMMI
^
r

m•• m 123
g-
•
Gm2 =
MTWZ
* cord
✓
y
Tunnel
dug along
2. Three masses .

JZGMZ =
m m ,•
M
M

.
.
- •=
-

;
j
%) i.
i' 8 8
'
+
i.^
HE
G{=MI☐wZ
•

53
i

m& :-.
Kepler 's Laws
.

1
Two Concentric Spherical Shells
1- Law of orbits : -
33 Four masses
-
_
'
FG =
Fc F, = o z
3 4 5

g.
↑
b
g- '

Iv Fa=_az (52+1-2)
GMZ Fz = GMI '
# Mz
••s
¥2
µ,
↓ ← a- .
12,2
¥2
ÉQ
I
A ' > • B •
F 2
,
ae
GMIM
' f, = my
→
=MIWʰ Fz= 72
V2
Aphelion
F+=GCM¥,m
Y
perihelion
-
, , ,
,
,

4. Two opposite masses

G( Mit Mz)m
(As ) G- e) GMMZ Fg =

Perigee a ma f-
-

= m, =
d 2 82
G d.

Apogee CBS) =
a ( ite)
Gcmitmz) ,KW2 planet revolution
I w= Fc = m
-11
1-22 rn
e n

rc=mm'¥mz g-
=

0A d3 Fax
2 Law of Area≥
¥
m T a r

d
L
Constant
Areal Velocity =
=

-2m
=
Force on one
sphere
w

53 GMI
Lp -_ LA mvprp
-_
mllara
m
. .

m
F=T3F =

*z
Relation btw Gofg

9=91-2
^
Xp > YA as
ra > rp
E- Null point d- a
, # < >

9=[43-11-9] Re g=[¥]%GM"3p%
←
Law of periods In m2
-

3 m,

1-22 a3 1-2=49-1%123 ✗ =
d-
④ Newtons law of ravitation mmˢ ,
+ I

GMM " "

Variation of
F= g h↑g↓
.

V2
"

a =
6.67×15 N -
m2
Twometalspheres Height
→
9h=¥¥]z h≈R
' '

d
'
- -

"

1 Force btw two masses

:
: to to
izz !

m, mz f- =
Gm 'm _
4 1=286 2 . If h< < R 94=9 1-
2¥]
r2 F ✗ ✗

1¥ 2¥ 2¥
'

m m 3 .
= =

160° 68C
Infinite masses £=÷
Fr TF
d↑
m m

can
m• of •m •m •m • • a Depth R↓
4 16

gd=g[ ¥]
0 I 2 8
1-
and
E- BF G7ˢ+G+2+ s .

F. =
9
d-
Fo =
Gm2 ¥] =
5- GMZ 2-
A¥y=%ˢ= R

Yass splits into two

parts 3- At center 9--0--1×1=0
then 2h =D
M
Im
4
9h __
gd
§
.

^
M
↑^
M
gas
-
M

g :
planet revolution Far -512 :

:
921,2
1-22 rn
-11 1-22,7/2 i
F- ✗
tgn f- = -
do
/dr
 "
^

GM
Latitude Hollow Sphere to
ring
-

3. 4- Due
rm
9
g- Rw7os2∅ ②
gin 78
g∅=
-_ o r
①
•P
G M I
r

) gs=GM_ (g)
i
✗
- -

Ta
=
in
∅.
g↑ @ ↑
i fEr2 ≥
R2 R
Rw
equator 0=0 80=8
GF
-

G-
u
At
2.
③
r
gout -_

,
r
At r=o , V= -

3. At poles 0=900 90 =g(max)

4. 90=0 it w=fÉ @ times ] Solid sphere
9in -_ GMI §
123
4- Shape :
9%-2
, 2
◦
Gsm =
'

① g=G¥z g2¥z Gout =

% ,
'

8
>

bk Rmax
2
9min
at equator
blc Ronin
Long :
thread (wire )

③ 9ma× at poles ,
×

④ g
increases
gradually from g =
20¥ Relation b/w G- Field & Potential
to poles
,
E- I
Equator
-

=
,
do

[ id¥a+F¥y+Ñ¥z]
5- Local conditions
E- =
-

i
is at the location
1.
g more
of
mineral deposits Diss v= -

[ E- die
g=2¥ˢz[ ÷F+ñ]
a
is less at mountains
g
&
2. a
' -

a M

[Link]/p--Ga-m-+GaM-
3-

Gravitational field strength Gravitational field É=a↑+3j^

Ring
÷: potential
1. at

M
( 3,0) ,
V= - E F - = -

12J / kg
"

¥ Co 4)
, , V =
-
E. F =
-12J / kg

Gmdn
F- c=° Fc Gravitational Potential
Energy
=
211-123
i Two masses
GMM
M F-
¥ (Riyaz)3/z Gravitational Potential
2.
Gmimz
-

u =
migmz
R < P Ema,=2GM_ " ☐ "e "° Point mass - Ve attractive
a 122
Repulsive
-

+ ye
✗
G¥ v
-

✓ HE to solid r
of three
2 .

Due sphere 2 PE masses

Rod
2
Vin {¥z [3122-82] 42+43+023
-
.
=

U =

P -

MMI
mI3+m÷g3
•

,
Vsur
-

9¥ 14 u G +

gp=%ˢ[÷ ¥]
-

= =

-
-
% %

] GIG
Hout =
-

③ PE of n masses
"

^
i
h(n pairs .

Zay
-

9p=%L2 +482 Ken

-_
O R r
o
L o •

u - 3 .
Due to hollow sphere .

3- Arc Vin =
-
GI = Vs ^

~
R
-4-7 :

g=G-zˢ¥¥ˢ Vs Girl
-

= I
.

;
-

iii. ¥x Vout G¥ o
-
'

'
=
R
?⃝
 "◦ •
TEL Rer

Conservation of ME Earth Satellite Orbital Speed Trajectory of a projected Body

K, U, Kzt Uz
G-=R
GM
G÷
+ =
Vo =
= ¥

f- MY? -

Gm÷n2={ mini _

Gm÷n2 Rt h

Vo =
FR = 7- 92 /
km Sec

velocity of an object -
n
-

Relation btw Ve 4110

/
-

28h h
ye = F- V0
y=

-] ① v
Time period of satellite

① T2=4g,r3
I 1- = 84 -6min
2 1- =
21T
9
Change in GPE

-112T¥
?
E- = 5
Angular momentum of satellite

(2) 5) L MVOT M
GIG 8 GMMZR
= =
=

AU =

Mf E- -
DJ =
120J
L = GMMV ( Rth )
(0/0)
PE of a
system for surface satellite
l
[ GMMZR gR3m2
m

m•,
• = =
_

Ggᵈ[2+ ¥]
.

.
Ucr )
-

TEF TEI
=
IN
-

'
'
"
-
' '

i. Energy of a satellite 8- workdorie

{ ↑b
• •

%ˢ
GMM
W=¥¥
m m
" "" ① PE 1-
-

:{
" =

T , 1,
Potential at center ② KE =
12m42 =
GIGI KI =
Mgh
③ TE = KETPE =
-

G≈F- Ith
R

④ TE = -
KE =
PÉ 2- Surface to orbit

⑤ PE : KE : TE = -2 :L : -
I -

R -12h
F- ^ GMM
KI =

12th)
KE -212 (
5
3 .
Orbit to orbit
pe

GMF [☒ thick-1ha)
ha - h,
when satellite falls from high 1^1 =

Escape speed PE ↓ V ↑

waPP=°
Ve=FÑ¥=FgR = " -2km see / 1- F- ↓
↑
P↑
↓
4 . To
escape revolving body
" F- [ ↓ satellite
{↑-n
has atmosphere
w=G;2ˢ
Moon no
*
.

or
when satellite raises ,
Ve ✗ Rt f- density of plan
PET Vtr Aditional Velocity 11=16-110
Behaviour of Body projected upward TET Pt 11=(52-1) V0
① V< Ve fails to
escape KE↓ L↑ V= 3.2km /s

v2=¥ᵈ¥
if 1k¥ h=

2 11=16 (escape)
h=x infinity
3 V > Ve

V2 = V2 -142
Satellites
Weightlessness
1-
Geostationary satellites 1- Lift a=g↓
1- h= 35,800km N=m( g- a) = 0

2-
Equitorial plane N=o

3. 1- = 24 hrs 2 . Satellite

4- W =
Wearing , 11=3 -1km / Sec V0 =
9¥
5 . Communication 3 . At
equator
6- Rotates from west to East
g. =
g- RWZ w=
§
∅
2 .
Polar satellites
W = 17 Wo

1. h = 500 to 800km

2. poles
3. T = 100 minutes

4.