Population Presentation
Factors Responsible for Population Change
• Advancement in Technology – advances in health and medicine
have resulted in decreases in infant mortality rates and increases in
life expectancy rates.
• Family Planning Practices
• Higher education levels among women
• Religious beliefs
• Incentives (financial, housing etc.)
• Migration
• Wars and natural disasters
• Policy implementation
Population Density
• The population density in India is 386 people per km2.
• Nigeria was last measured at 190.62 in 2013, according to the World
Bank
• This can be compared to cities such as Tokyo 15,281 persons per sq.
mile
• [Link]
Population Composition
• Population composition is the description of a population
according to characteristics such as age and sex. These data are
often compared over time using population pyramids.
• This is the total number of males and females, number and
proportion of senior citizen and children, and the number of
persons active in the workforce.
• This information provides valuable insights into the ways in which
the population behaves presently and how it might behave in the
future
Age-Sex Pyramids -Representation of the population based on its composition
according the age and sex.
Dependency Ratios
• Economically Active (working population) – Aged 15 -65
• Non economically Active (dependants) – youths under 15
and adults over 65
• Guyana’s total dependency ratio: 63.5 %
• youth dependency ratio: 57.7 %
elderly dependency ratio: 5.7 %
potential support ratio: 17.5 (2014 est.) (CIA World Fact
Book, 2016)
Population
• The world population has grown tremendously over the
past two thousand years. In 2011, the world population
passed the seven billion mark.
• Latest official current world population estimate:
7,650,930,200
[Link]
Demographic Transition Model
• This is a graph that shows change in population over
time.
➢It shows changes over time
➢It shows natural increase
➢It can be used to estimate population structure
➢Each stage represents a country’s economic status
• [Link]
[Link]#factors
Stage One
• Associated with pre
Modern times, and is
characterized by a balance
between birth and death
rates.
• Very high birth and death
rates due to:
1. Lack of knowledge of
disease prevention and
cure;
2. Occasional food shortages.
Stage Two
• There is a rise in population
caused by a decline in the
death rate while the birth rate
remains high, or perhaps
even rises slightly.
• First, improvements in food
supply brought about by
higher yields as agricultural
practices.
Stage Two
• These improvements included crop rotation, selective
breeding, and seed drill technology.
• Second, the decline in deaths which was due to
significant improvements in public health had reduced
mortality, particularly in childhood
• A consequence of the decline in mortality in Stage
Two is an increasingly rapid rise in population growth
(a "population explosion") as the gap between deaths
and births grows wider.
Stage Three
• Moves the population towards
stability through a decline in the
birth rate.
• Availability of family planning
facilities.
• Increasing female literacy
• Employment
• Improvements in contraceptive
technology
• Changes in values about children
and sex
• Availability of contraceptives and
knowledge of how to use them.
Stage Four
• Traditionally many
demographers have assumed
that the demographic
transition would be
complete when populations
reached similarly low birth
and death rates so that
populations would become
essentially stable.
Mortality
• The word "mortality" came from the Latin "mors" (death).
• The term is synonymous with “death and fatality rates”.
• It is the ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that
area; expressed per 1000 per year.
• Globally, adult mortality rate declined from 198 per 1000
population in 1990 to 152 per 1000 population in 2013
(WHO, 2016).
• Guyana’s Crude death Rate : 8.24 (World Bank, 2016)
Life Expectancy
• The average number of years of life remaining at a
given age.
• Guyana is numbered 128 out of 194 countries on the
Global List – with overall LE 67 , Males 65 and
Females 70 (2002).
• total population: 67.81 years
country comparison to the world: 162
male: 64.82 years
female: 70.96 years (2014 est.) (CIA World Fact
Book, 2016)
Life Expectancy
• In the More Developed countries Life Expectancy (LE) has rose
from 66.1 to 72.3 years from 1950-5 to 1975-8.
• In the quarter of the century since then, however, LE has
progressed slowly, moving up by only 3.5years of extra life.
• In the Least Developed countries improvements in LE has be slow.
E.g. in the 25years from 1950-5, rates have rocketed from 41 to
almost 57 years, but over the next quarter of a century average
rates have increased by only 7 years.
Fertility and Family size
• Fertility rates have fallen in most of the Least Developed countries –
in 1950-5 it was 6.2 and remained around there for the next 15
years, but since then it has now halved.
• Asia and Latin America – 2.5 (average)
• Africa – 4 – 6.4
• Causes – family planning programmes, widening of educational and
career opportunities for women, improvement in tackling diseases.
• More Developed countries – 1.3 or lower
• Guyana – 2.14 (CIA World Fact Book, 2016)
Map Key
Color Fertility rate Long-term impact
Red less than 2 declining population
Yellow about 2 stable population
Green 3 to 4 growing population
Blue 4 or more rapidly growing population
Gray data not available
International Migration
• In More Developed Regions about one in every 10 persons living
there is a migrant as compared to one in every 70 in the Least
Developed countries
• Over 2 million persons moved from MDRs to LDRs.
• Asylum-seekers and refugees – 12 million in 2001. Examples
include – Sudan to Angola or Rwanda to Sierra Leone.
Population Aging
• We are aging—not just as individuals or communities but as a
world.
• In 2006, almost 500 million people world wide were 65 and
older.
• By 2030, that total is projected to increase to 1 billion—1 in
every 8 of the earth’s inhabitants.
• LDRs – the number of persons over the age of 60 has increased
by 264 million, it is expected to rise 2000/50 by 1,139 million.
Population Aging
• While global aging represents a triumph of medical,
social, and economic advances over disease, it also
presents tremendous challenges.
• Population aging strains social insurance and pension
systems and challenges existing models of social
support.
• It affects economic growth, trade, migration, disease
patterns and prevalence, and fundamental
assumptions about growing older.
