GHANI KHAN CHOUDHURY INSTITUTE
OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
CA - 1
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
NAME – ANIRABN ROY
DR. MANDAPATI MOHAN JAGADEESH KUMAR
R0LL NO – 35500721006
REG NO – 213550100710016 OF 2021-22
SEM – 8TH SEM (4th Year)
SUBJECT – POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
SUBJECT CODE – PE –ME801B
DEPT – MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SESSION – 2024-2025
1
TOPIC
Boiler Mountings and Accessories: Types, and
Their Working Source
2
CONTENT
Introduction
Types of Boiler Mounting
• Water level indicator
• Pressure gauge
• Safety valve
• Stop valve
• Blow off
• Feed check valve
• Fusible plug
Types of Boiler Accessories
• Economiser
• Air pre-heater
• Superheater
• Feed pump
• Steam Separator
Future of Boiler Accessories
Conclusion
Reference
3
Introduction
Boiler Mounting
The boiler mountings are fittings that are mounted on the boiler for
its proper functioning. Mountings are water level indicators, safety
valves, pressure gauges, etc. It may be noted that a boiler cannot
function safely without the mountings.
Boiler Accessories
The boiler accessories are the devices, which form an integral part
of a boiler but are not mounted on it. They include a
superheater, economizer, feed pump, etc. It may be noted the
accessories help in controlling and running the boiler efficiently.
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Types of Boiler Mounting
01 02 03 04
Water level indicator Pressure gauge Safety valve Stop valve
05 06 07
Blow off Feed check valve Fusible plug
5
Working Principle of Types of Boiler Mounting
Water level indicator
Water-tube indicator the water consists of a vertical
hard glass tube G which is fitted with two gunmetal
tubes A and B. The tubes A connects the steam
space of the boiler with the glass tube and the tube
B connects the water space of the boiler with the
glass tube.
The tube A is provided with a valve ‘S’, called a
steam valve, and tube B is fitted with another valve
‘W’, called a water valve. In addition to these
valves, a third valve D, called the drain valve, is
fitted to the water level indicator through which
water together with condensed steam from the
gunmetal tube A is drained from time to time.
6
Working Principle of Types of Boiler Mounting
Pressure gauge
The pressure gauge shown in Fig is a bourdon
pressure gauge. It consists of a circular spring tube
A. One end of the bourdon tube is closed and
connected to a link L and the other end is squared to
a Hollow block B.
The link L connects the closed end of the tube to the
toothed sector C which is hinged at O. The toothed
sector gears with pinion D which carries a pointer P.
The pointer moves on a dial graduated in pressure
units.
7
Working Principle of Types of Boiler Mounting
Safety valve
The safety valve is an instrument that prevents the
boiler pressure from rising above its normal
working pressure by automatically opening when
the boiler pressure exceeds the normal working
pressure.
Thus, allowing excess steam to escape into the
atmosphere until the pressure comes down to its
normal valve. Therefore, a safety valve ensures the
safety of a boiler from being damaged due to
excessive steam pressure.
8
Working Principle of Types of Boiler Mounting
Steam Stop Valve
The function of a stop valve is to control the flow of
the steam from within the boiler and to stop it
completely when required. A stop valve or junction
valve is used to regulate the flow of steam from the
boiler.
The valves mounted on the boilers, which change
the direction of the flow of steam by 90° are called
junction valves, while valves fitted in pipelines that
allow the steam in the same direction are called stop
valves.
9
Working Principle of Types of Boiler Mounting
Blow-off Valve
The function of a blow-off valve is to remove
periodically the sediments deposited at the bottom
of the boiler while the boiler is in operation and to
empty the boiler while it is being cleaned or
inspected.
When the blow-off valve is opened the water which
is under the pressure of steam, rushes out with
tremendous velocity thus carrying out the sediments
along with it.
10
Working Principle of Types of Boiler Mounting
Feed Check Valve
The pressure inside the boiler will be high therefore
the pressure of the feed water has to be raised by
a pump before it is fed into the boiler. The feed
water under high pressure is fed into the boiler
through the feed check valve.
The function of a feed check valve is to control the
flow of water from the feed pump to the boiler and
to prevent the backflow of water from the boiler to
the pump when the pump pressure is less than the
pressure or when the feed pump ceases to work. A
feed check valve is placed at the boiler end of the
delivery pipe of the feed pump.
11
Working Principle of Types of Boiler Mounting
Fusible Plug
The plug is made up of tin or lead alloy, which has a
low melting point. The function of the fusible plug
is to put off the fire in the furnace of the boiler when
the water level falls below an unsafe level and thus
avoid the explosion, which may take place due to
overheating of the tubes and the shell. It is fitted
over the crown of the furnace or the combustion
chamber.
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Types of Boiler Accessories
01 02 03 04
Economiser Air pre-heater Superheater Feed pump
05 06
Steam Separator Steam trap
13
Working Principle of Types of Boiler Accessories
Economiser
The combustion gases coming out of the boiler
contain a large quantity of heat. Therefore the
maximum amount of heat from the gases should be
recovered before it escapes to the chimney.
In the economizer, heating the feed water does the
recovery of heat in the flue gases. The economizer
is placed in the path of the gases. They improve the
overall efficiency of the boiler by reducing fuel
consumption.
14
Working Principle of Types of Boiler Accessories
Air pre-heater
The air preheater is an accessory that recovers the
heat in the exhaust gas by heating the air supplied to
the furnace of the boiler. Supplying preheated air
into the furnace produces a high furnace
temperature and accelerates the combustion of the
fuel. Thus the thermal efficiency of the plant will be
increased.
15
Working Principle of Types of Boiler Accessories
Feed pump
A feed pump is a boiler accessory required to force
the feed water at high pressure into the boiler.
Commonly used pumps are,
1. Reciprocating pumps
2. Rotary pumps
The reciprocating pumps are driven directly by
coupling them to the steam engine. The rotary
pumps are driven by the steam turbines or by
electric motors.
16
Working Principle of Types of Boiler Accessories
Steam Separator
A feed pump is a boiler accessory required to force
the feed water at high pressure into the boiler.
Commonly used pumps are,
1. Reciprocating pumps
2. Rotary pumps
The reciprocating pumps are driven directly by
coupling them to the steam engine. The rotary
pumps are driven by the steam turbines or by
electric motors.
17
Future prospective of Boiler Accessories
• The future of boiler accessories includes more efficient, sustainable, and intelligent technologies.
• More efficient accessories
• Air preheaters: Use waste heat from flue gases to preheat air entering the boiler
• Economizers: Recover heat from flue gases to preheat feedwater
• Superheaters: Increase boiler efficiency
• More sustainable accessories
• Hybrid systems: Combine steam boilers with renewable energy sources like solar thermal or geothermal heat
pumps
• Carbon capture and storage: Capture and store carbon dioxide to reduce CO2 emissions
• Electric boilers: More environmentally friendly than gas-fired boiler
18
Conclusion
Boiler mountings and accessories are essential for the safe and efficient operation of a
boiler. Boiler mountings are safety devices that control steam generation and pressure,
preventing accidents and ensuring smooth operation. On the other hand, boiler
accessories enhance efficiency by improving heat transfer, fuel consumption, and overall
performance.
Proper selection, maintenance, and operation of these components are crucial in
industries such as power plants, manufacturing, and refineries. Understanding their
functions helps in achieving reliable, safe, and energy-efficient steam generation for
various applications.
19
Reference
• [Link]
• [Link]
mounting-accessories-in-boiler-bme-lab-manual/
20
THANK YOU
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