One-Way ANOVA
Introduction:
One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical test used to determine whether there are
any statistically significant differences between the means of three or more independent
(unrelated) groups.
Purpose:
ANOVA let us to look at multiple comparisons between the variables studied. The goal is to
assess whether at least one group mean is different from the others, without needing to conduct
multiple t-tests which can increase the risk of Type I error.
Independent Groups:
The groups compared in One-Way ANOVA must be independent, meaning that the individuals
in one group are not related to or paired with those in another.
Assumptions:
To ensure the validity of the test, the following assumptions must be met:
Independence: Observations are independent of one another.
Normality: The dependent variable is normally distributed within each group.
Homogeneity of Variance: The variances among groups should be approximately equal.
Scale of Measurement: The dependent variable should be continuous (interval or ratio
scale).
Exercise 5
Research Question:
Will there be a significant difference on Internet addiction among employees based on their
educational degree.
Objective:
To examine the significant difference between employees having BA, MA, and MSc, degree on
the internet addiction scores.
Hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis (H₀): There will be no significant difference on internet addiction
scores based on educational degree among employees.
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): There will be a significant difference on internet addiction
scores based on educational degree among employees.
What Kind of Data is Needed?
One categorical independent variable with three or more levels (e.g., Degree: BA,
MA, and MSc)
One continuous dependent variable (e.g., Internet Addiction Score)
What It Does (Function):
One-Way ANOVA compares the means of three or more independent groups to test if at least
one group mean is significantly different from the others.
Flowchart (One-Way ANOVA using JMP)
1. Open JMP
2. Import or Open Your Data File
3. Check Variables
o Dependent variable: Continuous (e.g., Internet Addiction)
o Independent variable: Categorical with 3+ groups (e.g., Education Qualification)
4. Go to Analyze Menu
o Select “Fit Y by X”
5. Assign Variables
o Y (Dependent Variable): Drag your continuous variable
o X (Grouping Variable): Drag your categorical variable
6. Click OK
7. In the Output Window
o Under the red triangle, select “Means/ANOVA”
8. Review Results
o Means and Standard Deviations
o F-value, degrees of freedom, and p-value
o Post-hoc tests if needed (e.g., Tukey’s HSD)
Table 1:
Table 1: Shows means and standard deviations of employees on internet addiction scale
based on their degrees.
Participants N M SD
BA 25 57.48 19.38
MA 19 57.47 18.51
MSc 16 54.12 18.36
Table 2: shows analysis of variance for a group of employees based on their educational
degree on internet addiction scores.
GROUP DF SUM OF MEAN F p
SQUARES SQUARES
Between group 2 131.85 65.92 0.18 0.83
Within group 57 20252.72 355.31
Results:
A One-Way ANOVA between groups analysis of variance was conducted to explore the
difference between employees based on their educational degree. Results indicated that there was
no statistical significant difference between groups: F (2, 60) = 0.18, p=0.83. Further, post-hoc
comparison using Tukey HSD test also indicated no significant difference between multiple
comparisons (p>0.05)
Conclusion:
The null hypothesis was accepted since there is no significant difference on Internet addiction
scores among the employees based on their educational degree. Further post-hoc analysis also
revealed no significant difference.
