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 Chapter wise question
Force ( 2017 )
1. A brass ball is hanging from a stiff cotton thread. Draw a neat labelled diagram
showing the forces acting on the brass ball and the cotton thread.

2. The distance between two bodies is doubled. How is the magnitude of gravitational
force between them affected?

Force ( 2018 )
1. A half metre rod is pivoted at the centre with two weights of 20 gf and 12 gf
suspended at a perpendicular distance of 6 cm and 10 cm from the pivot
respectively as shown below.

a) Which of the two forces acting on the rigid rod causes clockwise moment?
b) Is the rod in equilibrium?
c) The direction of 20 gf force is reversed. What is the magnitude of the
resultant moment of the forces on the rod?

Force ( 2019 )
1. a) Define couple.
b) State the S.I. unit of moment of couple.

2. A uniform meter scale is in equilibrium as shown in the diagram:

a) Calculate the weight of the meter scale.

b) Which of the following options is correct to keep the ruler in equilibrium when
40 gf wt is shifted to 0 cm mark?
( F is shifted towards 0 cm or F is shifted towards 100 cm )

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 Force ( 2020 )
1. a) Define moment of force.
b) Write the relationship between the SI and CGS unit of moment of
force.

2. a) With reference to the direction of action, how does a centripetal force differ
from a centrifugal force during uniform circular motion?
b) Centrifugal force the force of reaction of centripetal force?
c) Compare the magnitudes of centripetal and centrifugal force.

Force( 2023 )
1. a) What is the position of center of gravity of a triangular lamina?
b) When this triangular lamina is suspended freely from any one vertex, what is
the moment of force produced by its own weight in its rest position?

2. The diagram shows wheel O pivoted at point A. Three equal forces F1,F2 and F3
act at point B on the wheel.
a) Which force will produce maximum moment about A?
b) Give a reason for your answer.

3. What should be the angle between the direction of force and the direction of
displacement, for work to be negative.

4. A metre scale of weight 50 gf can be balanced at 40 cm mark without any

weight suspended on it.
a) If this ruler is cut at its centre then state which part [0 to 50
cm or 50 to 100 cm] of the ruler will weigh more than 25 gf.

b) What minimum weight placed on this metre ruler can balance

this ruler when it is pivoted at its centre?

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 Force( 2024 )
1. A non-uniform beam of weight 120 N pivoted at one end is shown in the diagram
below. Calculate the value of F to keep the beam in equilibrium.

2. a) Define Centre of Gravity.

b) A hollow ice cream cone has height 6 cm.
1. Where is the position of its centre of gravity from the broad base?
2. Will its position change when it is filled completely with honey?
Write Yes or No.

Force( 2025 )
1. A non-uniform kite is hanging freely from the branch of a tree as shown. Study
the figure and answer the following :

a) Fill in the blank __________ (P, Q, R or S) is the most probable position of its
centre of gravity.
b) Support your answer to (a) with a reason.

2. Akash takes a uniform meter scale and suspends a weight of 2 N at one end ‘X’
and a weight of 5 N on the other end ‘Y’. He then balances the ruler horizontally
on a knife edge placed at 70 cm from X. Draw a diagram of the arrangement and
calculate the weight of the ruler.

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 Work, Power & Energy ( 2017 )
1. If the power of a motor be 100 kW, at what speed can it raise a load of 50,000 N?

2. A uniform half metre rule balances horizontally on a knife edge at 29 cm mark

when a weight of 20 gf is suspended from one end.
a) Draw a diagram of the arrangement.
b) What is the weight of the half metre rule?

3. How does uniform circular motion differ from uniform linear motion?

Work, Power & Energy ( 2018 )

1. a) State and define the S.I. unit of power.
b) How is the unit horse power related to the S.I. unit of power?

2. State the energy changes in the following cases while in use:

a) An electric iron.
b) A ceiling fan.

3. a) Why is the motion of a body moving with a constant speed around a

circular path said to be accelerated?

4. a) Derive a relationship between S.I. and C.G.S. unit of work.

b) A force acts on a body and displaces it by a distance S in a direction at an
angle θ with the direction of force. What should be the value of θ to get the
maximum positive work?

Work, Power & Energy ( 2019 )

1. Two bodies A and B have masses in the ratio 5:1 and their kinetic energies are
in the ratio 125:9. Find the ratio of their velocities.

2. a) Name the physical quantity which is measured in calories.

b) How is calorie related to the S.I unit of that quantity?

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 3. A body of mass 10 Kg is kept at a height of 5 m. It is allowed to fall
and reach the ground.
a) What is the total mechanical energy possessed by the body at the height of
2 m assuming it is a frictionless medium?
b) What is the kinetic energy possessed by the body just before hitting the
ground? Take g = 10 m / s2.

Work, Power & Energy ( 2020 )

1. Give one example of each when:
a) Chemical energy changes into electrical energy.
b) Electrical energy changes into sound energy.

2. A crane ‘A’ lifts a heavy load in 5 seconds, whereas another crane ‘B’ does the
same work in 2 seconds. Compare the power of crane ‘A’ to that of crane B.

3. The figure below shows a simple pendulum of mass 200 g. It is displaced from
the mean position A to the extreme position B. The potential energy at the position
A is zero. At the position B the pendulum bob is raised by 5 m.

a) What is the potential energy of the pendulum at the position B?

b) What is the total mechanical energy at point C?
c) What is the speed of the bob at the position A when released from B?
(Take g = 10 ms-2 and there is no loss of energy.)

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 Work, Power & Energy ( 2023 )
1. Calculate the power spent by a crane while lifting a load of mass 2000 kg, at
velocity of 1.5 ms-1. (g = 10 ms-2)

2. A car of mass 120 kg is moving at a speed 18 km/h and it accelerates to

attain a speed of 54 km/h in 5 seconds. Calculate:
a) the work done by the engine.
b) the power of the engine.

3.

Work, Power & Energy ( 2024 )

1. a) When a stone tied to a string is rotated in a horizontal plane, the tension in the
string provides _________ force necessary for circular motion.
b) Work done by this force at any instant is _________.

2. Sumit does 600 J of work in 10 min and Amit does 300 J of work in 20 min.
Calculate the ratio of the powers delivered by them.

3.

Two identical marbles A and B are rolled down along Path 1 and Path 2
respectively. Path 1 is frictionless and Path 2 is rough.
a) Which marble will surely reach the next peak?
b) Along which path/s the mechanical energy will be conserved?
c) Along which path/s is the law of conservation of energy obeyed?

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 Work, Power & Energy ( 2025 )
1.

Richa weighing 40 kgf leaves point P on her skateboard and reaches point Q on the
ground with velocity 10 ms–1. Calculate:
a) The kinetic energy of Richa at point Q.
b) The vertical height of point P above the ground. (Use g as 10 m/s2and neglect friction)
c) the kinetic energy of Richa at point R.
(While moving from Q to R, she loses 500 J of energy against friction.)

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 Machines ( 2017 )
1. Why is a jack screw provided with a long arm?
2. Which class of lever will always have MA > 1 and why?

3. A boy uses a single fixed pulley to lift a load of 50 Kgf to some height. Another boy
uses a single movable pulley to lift the same load to the same height. Compare the
effort applied by them. Give a reason to support your answer.
4. A pulley system with VR = 4 is used to lift a load of 175 kgf through a vertical
height of 15 m. The effort required is 50 kgf in the downward direction.
(g = 10 N kg-1) Calculate:
a) Distance moved by the effort.
b) Work done by the effort.
c) M.A. of the pulley system.
d) Efficiency of the pulley system.

Machines ( 2018 )
1. The diagram below shows a lever in use:

a) To which class of levers does it belong?

b) Without changing the dimensions of the lever, if the load is shifted towards the
fulcrum what happens to the mechanical advantage of the lever?

2. a) Draw a diagram to show a block and tackle pulley system having a velocity
ratio of 3 marking the direction of load(L), effort(E) and tension(T).
b) The pulley system drawn lifts a load of 150 N when an effort of 60
N is applied. Find its mechanical advantage.
c) Is the above pulley system an ideal machine or not?

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 Machines ( 2019 )
1. The diagram below shows a claw hammer used to remove a nail:

a) To which class of lever does it belong?

b) Give one more example of the same class of lever mentioned by you in (i) for which the
mechanical advantage is greater than one.

2. The diagram below shows a pulley arrangement:

a) Copy the diagram and mark the direction of tension on each strand of the
string.
b) What is the velocity ratio of the arrangement?
c) If the tension acting on the string is T, then what is the relationship between
T and effort E?
d) If the free end of the string moves through a distance x, find the distance by
which the load is raised.

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 Machines ( 2020 )
1. A block and tackle system of pulleys has velocity ratio 4.
a) Draw a neat labelled diagram of the system indicating clearly the points of
application and direction of load and effort.
b) What will be its V.R. if the weight of the movable block is doubled?

2. a) Identify the class of the lever shown in the diagram below:

b) How is it possible to increase the M.A. of the above lever without

increasing its length?

Machines ( 2023 )
1. a) Name a single pulley in which displacement of load and effort is not the same.
b) State one advantage of this pulley.
2. A block and tackle system of pulleys has velocity ratio 4.
a) Draw a labelled diagram of the system indicating clearly, the direction of
the load and the effort.
b) What is the value of the mechanical advantage of the given pulley system if
it is an ideal pulley system?

Machines ( 2024 )
1. Name the class of the lever shown in the picture. ( Bottle opener )
2. Meera chose to use a block and tackle system of ‘9’ pulleys instead of a single
movable pulley to lift a heavy load.
a) What is the advantage of using a block and tackle system over a single
movable pulley?
b) Why should she connect more pulleys in the upper fixed block?

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3. Given are two pulleys.
a) Copy and complete the labelled diagram connecting the two
pulleys with a tackle to obtain Velocity Ratio = 2.
b) If Load = 48 kgf and efficiency is 80% then calculate:
1. Mechanical Advantage.
2. Effort needed to lift the load.

Machines ( 2025 )
1. Three levers X, Y, Z of equal lengths are shown in the diagram.

a) Which class of lever do these belong to?

b) Among these (X, Y or Z) which one will give the maximum mechanical
advantage? Justify your answer.

2. Draw a block and tackle system of pulleys with velocity ratio equal to 3.

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 Refraction & Depth ( 2017 )
1. How is refractive index is related to
a) Real and apparent depth
b) Velocity of light in air and velocity of light in given medium.

2. A ray of light travels from water to air as shown in the diagram given
below:

a) Copy the diagram and complete the path of the ray. Given the critical angle for
water is 48°.
b) State the condition so that total internal reflection occurs in the above
diagram.

Refraction & Depth ( 2018 )

1. a) How does the angle of deviation formed by a prism with increase in the angle
of incidence?
b) Draw a graph showing the variation in the angle of deviation
with the angle of incidence at a prism surface.

2. a) Why is the ratio of the velocities of light of wavelengths 4000Å and

8000Å in vacuum 1:1?
b) Which of the above wavelengths has a higher frequency?

Refraction & Depth ( 2019 )

1. a) What is the relation between the refractive index of water with respect to air
(aµw) and the refractive index of air with respect to water (wµa).

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 Refraction & Depth ( 2020 )
1. A ray of light falls normally on a rectangular glass slab.
Draw a ray diagram showing the path of the ray till it emerges out of the slab.

2.

3. The wave lengths for the light of red and blue colours are nearly 7.8 x 10-7 m
and 4.8 x 10-7 m respectively.
a) Which colour has the greater speed in a vacuum?
b) Which colour has a greater speed in glass?

4. A diver in water looks obliquely at an object AB in air.

a) Does the object appear taller, shorter or of the same size to the diver?
b) Show the path of two rays AC & AD starting from the tip of the object as it
travels towards the diver in water and hence obtain the image of the object.

Refraction & Depth ( 2023 )

1. The diagram below shows two parallel rays A (Orange) & B (Blue) incident from
air, on air-glass boundary.
a) Copy and complete the path of the rays A and B.
b) How do the speeds of these rays differ in glass?
Are the two refracted rays in glass parallel?
Give a reason.

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 2. a) A coin kept inside water [µ=4/3] when viewed from air in vertical direction
appears to be raised by 3.0 mm. Find the depth of the coin in water.
b) How is the critical angle related to the refractive index of a medium?

Refraction & Depth ( 2024 )

1. a) Refractive index of glass with respect to water is 9/8. Find the refractive
index of water with respect to glass.
b) Name the principle used to find the value in part (a).
c) If we change the temperature of water, then will the ratio 9/8 remain the
same? Write Yes or No.

2. Light travels a distance of ‘10x’ units in time ‘t1’ in vacuum and it travels a
distance of ‘x’ units in time ‘t2’ in a denser medium. Using this information
answer the question that follows :

a) ‘Light covers a distance of ‘20x’ units in time ‘t1’ in diamond. ‘State true or
false.

b) Calculate the refractive index of the medium in terms of ‘t1’ and ‘t2’.

Refraction & Depth ( 2025 )

1. A rectangular glass block of refractive index 1.5 has an air bubble trapped inside
it as shown in the diagram. When seen from the surface AB, it appears to be 4
cm deep.

a) Calculate the actual depth of the air bubble from the surface AB.
b) For which colour of light, blue or yellow, the apparent depth will be greater?
c) Turning the glass block upside down, DOES NOT change the apparent depth
of the air bubble. State True or False.

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 2. Two rays PQ and RS are incident on a rectangular glass block as shown in the
diagram. Observe the diagram and answer the questions that follow. Which of
these two rays will :

a) have greater lateral displacement on emerging out of the block?

b) travel with greater speed in the block?
c) Scatter more in the atmosphere?

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 Prism ( 2017 )
1. A Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of a monochromatic ray through a
prism when it suffers minimum deviation.

Prism ( 2018 )
1. The following diagram shows a 60o, 30o, 90o glass prism of critical angle 42o.
Copy the diagram and complete the path of incident ray AB emerging out of the
prism marking the angle of incidence on each surface.

Prism ( 2020 )
1. Complete the path of the monochromatic light ray AB incident on the surface
PQ of the equilateral glass prism PQR till it emerges out of the prism due to
refraction.

2. Complete the path of the ray AB through the glass prism in PQR till it emerges
out of the prism. Given the critical angle of the glass as 42o.

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 Prism ( 2023 )
1. The diagram below shows the ray OP travelling through an equilateral prism of
a certain material. Calculate the value of i2, if the angle of deviation is 43o.
What is the ray QS called?

2. A ray of light is incident at 45o on an equilateral prism in the diagram below.

a) Name the phenomenon exhibited by the ray of light when it enters and
emerges out of the prism.
b) State the cause of the above phenomenon mentioned by you.

3. A ray of light XY passes through a right-angled isosceles prism as shown below.

a) What is the angle through which the incident ray deviates and emerges out
of the prism?
b) Name the instrument where this action of prism is put into use.
c) Which prism surface will behave as a mirror?

4. Draw the diagram of a right-angled isosceles prism which is used to make an

inverted image erect.

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 Prism ( 2024 )
1. A monochromatic ray of light is incident on an equilateral prism placed at
minimum deviation position with an angle of incidence 45° as shown in the
diagram.
a) Copy the diagram and complete the path of the ray PQ.
b) State two factors on which the angle of deviation depends.

2. The diagram below shows the path of a blue ray through the prism:
a) Calculate the critical angle of the material of the prism for blue colour.
b) What is the measure of the angle of this prism (A)?
c) Which colour should replace the blue ray, for the ray to undergo Total internal
Reflection?

Prism ( 2025 )
1.

a) Out of the three rays (I, J, H) shown in the diagram, which ray will suffer
Total Internal Reflection while inside the prism?
(Critical angle of the prism is 42°)
b) Copy the diagram to complete the path of the ray which you have named in (a)
till it comes out of the prism.

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 Critical angle & TIR ( 2017 )
1. State the conditions for Total internal reflection.

2. The diagram below shows a point source P inside a water container. Four rays
A, B, C, D starting from the source P are shown upto the water surface.

a) Show in the diagram the path of these rays after striking the water surface.
The Critical Angle for water air surface is 48°.
b) Name the phenomenon which the rays B and D exhibit.

Critical angle & TIR ( 2019 )

1. a) Define critical angle.
b) State one important factor which affects the critical angle of given
medium.

2. The diagram below shows a light source P embedded in a rectangular glass block
ABCD of critical angle 42o. Complete the path of the ray PQ till it emerges out of
the block. [Write necessary angles.]

Critical angle & TIR ( 2023 )

1. Copy the diagram given below and complete the path of the light ray PQ, as it
emerges out of the prism by marking necessary angles. The critical angle of glass
is 42o.

Critical angle & TIR ( 2025 )

1. A ray of light enters a rectangular glass slab submerged in water at an angle of
incidence 55°. Does this ray undergo total internal reflection when it moves from
water to glass? Justify your answer. (This critical angle for glass-water interface
is 54°.)

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 Lens ( 2017 )
1. A Lens forms an upright and diminished image of an object when
the object is placed at the focal point of the given lens.
a) Name the lens.
b) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation.

2. a) The power of a lens is – 5D.

b) Find its focal length.
c) Name the type of lens.

Lens ( 2018 )
1. State the position of the object in front of a converging lens if:
a) It produces a real and same size image of the object.
b) It is used as a magnifying lens.

2. An object AB is placed between O and F1 on the principal axis of a converging

lens as shown in the diagram.

Copy the diagram and by using three standard rays starting from point A, obtain
an image of the object AB.

3. An object is placed at a distance of 12 cm from a convex lens of

focal length 8 cm. Find: a) the position of the image
b) nature of the image

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 Lens ( 2019 )
1.a) If the lens is placed in water instead of air, how does its focal
length change?
b) Which lens, thick or thin has greater focal length?

2. A virtual, diminished image is formed when an object is placed between

the optical centre and the principal focus of a lens.
a) Name the type of lens which forms the above image.
b) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image with the
above stated characteristics.

3. An object is placed at a distance 24 cm in front of a convex lens of focal length

8 cm.
a) What is the nature of the image so formed?
b) Calculate the distance of the image from the lens.
c) Calculate the magnification of the image.

Lens ( 2020 )
1. Where should an object be placed in front of a convex lens in order to get:
a) an enlarged real image
b) enlarged virtual image?

2. A lens of focal length 20 cm forms an inverted image at a distance 60 cm from

the lens.
a) Identify the lens.
b) How far is the lens present in front of the object?
c) Calculate the magnification of the image.

Lens ( 2023 )
1. a) Is it possible for a concave lens to form an image of size two times
that of the object? Write Yes or No
b) What will happen to the focal length of the lens if a part of the
lens is covered with an opaque paper?

Lens ( 2024 )
1. a) In a reading glass what is the position of the object with respect to the
convex lens used?
b) Why can we not use concave lens for the same purpose?
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 2. The image of a candle flame placed at a distance of 36 cm from a spherical lens,
is formed on a screen placed at a distance of 72 cm from the lens. Calculate the
focal length of the lens and its power.

Lens ( 2025 )
1. a) An object is placed at 2F position of a convex lens. Draw a ray diagram showing
the formation of the image.
b) How will the size of the image change if we, ONLY replace the lens in the above
arrangement with another lens of a greater focal length?

2. An object is placed in front of a concave lens at a distance of 45 cm from it. If its

image is formed at a distance of 30 cm from the lens, calculate the focal length of
the lens.

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 Spectrum ( 2017 )
1. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Molecules of the smoke are bigger than the wavelength of light.
b. Molecules of the smoke are smaller than the wavelength of light.

Spectrum ( 2018 )
1. a) Define scattering.
b) The smoke from a fire looks white.

Spectrum ( 2019 )
1. An electromagnetic radiation is used for photography in fog.
a) Identify the radiation.
b) Why is this radiation mentioned by you, ideal for this purpose?

Spectrum ( 2020 )
1. Give reasons for the following:
During the day: a) Clouds appear white.
b) Sky appears blue.

Spectrum ( 2023 )
1. Infrared radiations are used in warfare. Explain with reason, why?

Spectrum ( 2024 )
1. Below is an incomplete table showing the arrangement of electromagnetic
spectrum in the increasing order of their wavelength.
Complete the table.
Gamma ray | X-ray | U V rays | Visible rays | Infrared | A | Radio waves
a) Identify the radiation A.
b) Name the radiation used to detect fracture in bones.
c) Name one property common to both A and Radio waves.

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 Spectrum ( 2025 )
1. a) Name the radiations:
1) for which a quartz prism is used to study the spectrum.
2) which are used in remote sensing devices.
3) which are used in traffic signals in India.
b) Name one property common to all electromagnetic radiations.

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 Sound ( 2017 )
1. a) What are damped vibrations?
b) Give one example of damped vibrations.
c) Name the phenomenon that causes a loud sound when the
stem of a vibrating tuning fork is kept pressed on the surface of a table.

2. How is the frequency of a stretched string related to:

a) its length?
b) its tension?

3. Name the factor that determines:

a) Loudness of the sound heard.
b) Quality of the note.
c) Pitch of the note.

Sound ( 2018 )
1 . Displacement distance graph of two sound waves A and B, travelling
in a medium, are as shown in the diagram below.
Study the two sound waves and compare their:
a) Amplitudes
b) Wavelengths

2. a) What do you understand by free vibrations of a body?

b) Why does the amplitude of a vibrating body continuously decrease
during damped vibrations?

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 Sound ( 2019 )
1. A man playing a flute is able to produce notes of different frequencies. If
he closes the holes near his mouth, will the pitch of the note produced, increase
or decrease? Give a reason.
2. Two waves of the same pitch have amplitudes in the ratio 1: 3. What will be the
ratio of their:
a) Intensities
b) Frequencies

3. It is observed that during march-past we hear a base drum distinctly from a

distance compared to the side drums.
a) Name the characteristic of sound associated with the above observation.
b) Give a reason for the above observation.

Sound ( 2020 )
1. Draw a graph between displacement from mean position and time for a body
executing free vibration in a vacuum.

2. a) Name the system which enables us to locate underwater objects by

transmitting ultrasonic waves and detecting the reflecting impulse.
b) What are acoustically measurable quantities related to pitch and loudness?
Sound ( 2023 )
1. a) A metal foot ruler is held at the edge of a table. It is pressed at its free end and
then released. It vibrates.
b) Name the vibrations produced.
c) State one way to increase the frequency of these vibrations.

2. When a tuning fork [vibrating] is held close to ear, one hears a faint hum.
The same [vibrating tuning fork] is held such that its stem is in contact
with the table surface, then one hears a loud sound. Explain.

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 Sound ( 2024 )
1. Rohan conducted experiments on echo in different media. He observed that a
minimum distance of ‘x’ metres is required for the echo to be heard in oxygen
and ‘y’ metres in benzene. Compare ‘x’ and ‘y’.Justify your answer.
Speed of sound in oxygen: 340 ms–1
Speed of sound in benzene: 200 ms–1

Sound ( 2025 )
c) The displacement-time graph of a sound wave produced by a vibrating wire
is shown below.

a) How will you adjust the tension in the wire to reduce the length of PR?
b) Which characteristic of sound is affected by the reduction in the length of PR?

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 Resonance ( 2018 )
1.
1.

The diagram above shows a wire stretched over a sonometer. Stems of two
vibrating tuning forks A and B are touched to the wooden box of the
sonometer. It is observed that the paper rider (a small piece of paper folded at the
centre) present on the wire flies off when the stem of vibrating tuning fork B is
touched to the wooden box but the paper just vibrates when the stem of vibrating
tuning fork A is touched to the wooden box.
a) Name the phenomenon when the paper rider just vibrates.
b) Name the phenomenon when the paper rider flies off.
c) Why does the paper rider fly off when the stem of tuning fork B is
touched to the box?

Resonance ( 2019 )
1. Two pendulums C and D are suspended from a wire as shown in the figure
given below. Pendulum C is made to oscillate by displacing it from its mean
position. It is seen that D also starts oscillating.

a) Name the type of oscillation, C will execute.

b) Name the type of oscillation, D will execute.
c) If the length of D is made equal to C then what difference will you notice in the
oscillations of D?
d) What is the name of the phenomenon when the length of D is made equal to C?

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 Resonance ( 2023 )
1. We are able to see the T.V. channels clearly when we set T.V. on auto-tuning.
(a) Which phenomenon led to the clear visibility of the channels, due to auto-
tuning?
(b) Define the above phenomenon mentioned by you.
Give any one more example of this phenomenon.

Resonance ( 2024 )
1. In the given diagram, a vibrating tuning fork is kept near the mouth of a burette filled
with water. The length of the air column is adjusted by opening the tap of the
burette. At a length of 5 cm of the air column, a loud sound is heard.

a) Name the phenomenon illustrated by the above experiment.

b) Why is a loud sound heard at this particular length?
c) If the present tuning fork is replaced with a tuning fork of higher frequency,
should the length of the air column increase or decrease to produce a loud
sound? Give a reason.

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 Resonance ( 2025 )
1. The diagrams given below show two sound boxes A and B with wires of same
length (l) and tension (10 kgf) but different cross-sectional areas. Simultaneously,
vibrating tuning forks of frequency 300 Hz are placed on the boxes A and B.
The paper rider falls off in case of B but not in case of A.

a) Name and explain the phenomenon responsible for the falling off of the paper
rider in B.?
b) The wire A resonates with a tuning fork of frequency ‘f’. Is ‘f’ greater than, less
than or equal to 300 Hz? Justify your answer.

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 Sound Numerical ( 2017 )
1. Human ear can detect continuous sounds in the frequency range from 20 Hz to
20,000 Hz. Assuming that the speed of sound in air is 330ms-1 for all frequencies,
calculate the wavelengths corresponding to the given extreme frequencies of
the audible range.

2. An enemy plane is at a distance of 300 km from a radar. In how much time the
radar will be able to detect the plane? Take velocity of radio waves as 3 x 108 ms-
1.

3. A wire of length 80 cm has a frequency of 256 Hz. Calculate the length of a

similar wire under similar tension, which will have frequency 1024 Hz.

Sound Numerical ( 2018 )

1. A certain sound has a frequency of 256 hertz and a wavelength of 1.3 m.
a) Calculate the speed with which this sound travels.
b) What difference would be felt by a listener between the above sound and
another sound travelling at the same speed, but of wavelength 2.6 m?

Sound Numerical ( 2019 )

1. A person is standing at the sea shore. An observer on the ship which is anchored
in between a vertical cliff and the person on the shore, fires a gun. The person
on the shore hears two sounds, 2 seconds and 3 seconds after seeing the smoke
of the fired gun. If the speed of sound in the air is 320 ms-1 then calculate:
a) the distance between the observer on the ship and the person on the shore.
b) the distance between the cliff and the observer on the ship.

2. A pendulum has a frequency of 4 vibrations per second. An observer starts the

pendulum and fires a gun simultaneously. He hears the echo from the cliff after
6 vibrations of the pendulum. If the velocity of sound in air is 340 m/s, find the
distance between the cliff and the observer.

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 Sound Numerical ( 2020 )
1. A man standing in front of a vertical cliff fires a gun. He hears the echo after
3.5 seconds. On moving closer to the cliff by 84 m, he hears the echo after 3s.
Calculate the distance of the cliff from the initial position of the man.

2. a) Which characteristic of sound is affected due to the larger

surface of a school bell?
b) Calculate the distance covered by the Ultrasonic wave having a velocity of
1.5 kms-1 in 14 s, when it is received after reflection by the receiver of
the SONAR.
3. A sound wave travelling in water has wavelength 0.4 m. Is this wave audible in
air? (The speed of sound in water = 1400 ms-1

Sound Numerical ( 2023 )

1. a) Which characteristic of sound is affected due to the larger surface of a
school bell?
b) Calculate the distance covered by the Ultrasonic wave having a
velocity of 1.5 kms-1 in 14 s, when it is received after reflection by
the receiver of the SONAR.

Sound Numerical ( 2024 )

1. a) Name the waves used in SONAR.

b) In the above diagram Lata stands between two cliffs and claps her hands.
Determine the time taken by her to hear the first echo.
Speed of sound in air 320 ms–1.

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 Sound Numerical ( 2025 )
1. A submarine in the sea, sends ultrasonic ping and a stopwatch is started
simultaneously. The stopwatch stops on receiving the reflected wave from an
obstacle and reads 1 minute 40 seconds. Calculate the distance of the obstacle
from the submarine. (Speed of sound in water 1500 ms–1.)

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 Electricity
Basics ( 2017 )
1. Define specific resistance and state its SI unit.

2. Name the colour code of the wire which is connected to the metallic body of an
appliance.

Basics ( 2020 )
1. a) What are superconductors?
b) Calculate the current drawn by an appliance rated 110 W, 220 V when
connected across 220 V supply.
c) Name a substance whose resistance decreases with the
increase in temperature.
Basics ( 2023 )
1. a) Define specific resistance.
b) What happens to the specific resistance of a conductor if its length is
doubled?
c) Name a substance whose specific resistance remains almost
unchanged with the increase in its temperature.

Basics ( 2024 )
1.

Study the table.

(a) State whether the conductor used is ohmic or non-ohmic.
(b) Justify your answer.
(c) State Ohm’s law.

Basics ( 2025 )
1. A current flows through a metallic conductor for a long period of time. State
the change you would expect in its: (a) Resistance
(b) Resistivity

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 Resistors ( 2017 )
1 . An electric bulb of resistance 500 ohm, draws a current of 0.4A.
Calculate the power of the bulb and the potential difference at its end.

Resistors ( 2018 )
1. a) You have three resistors of values 2Ω, 3Ω and 5Ω. How will you join
them so that the total resistance is more than 7Ω?
b) Draw a diagram for the arrangement. Calculate the equivalent
resistance.
2. a) Find the equivalent resistance between A and B.

b) State whether the resistivity of a wire changes with the change in the
thickness of the wire.

Resistors ( 2019 )
1. Calculate the equivalent resistance.

2.

The diagram above shows a circuit with the key k open. Calculate:
a) the resistance of the circuit when the key k is open.
b) the current drawn from the cell when the key k is open.
c) the resistance of the circuit when the key k is closed.
d) the current drawn from the cell when the key k is closed.

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 Resistors ( 2020 )
1. Calculate the total resistance across AB:

2.

The diagram above shows three resistors connected across a cell

of e.m.f.1.8 V and internal resistance r. Calculate:
a) Current through 3 ohm resistor.
b) The internal resistance r.

Resistors ( 2023 )
1. Find the value of current I drawn from the cell.

a) Calculate the current I.

b) Calculate the terminal voltage.

Resistors ( 2024 )
1. 5 bulbs are connected in series in a room. One bulb is fused. It is removed and
remaining 4 bulbs are again connected in series to the same circuit. What will
be the effect on the following physical quantities?
(Increases, Decreases, Remain Same)
(a) Resistance
(b) Intensity of light
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 2.

(a) Calculate the total resistance of the circuit.

(b) Calculate the current drawn from the cell.
(c) State whether the current through 10 W resistor is greater than, less than
or equal to the current through the 12 W resistor.

Resistors ( 2025 )
1.

Three identical bulbs B1, B2 and B3 each of power rating 18 W, 12 V are

connected to a battery of 12 V.
a) Calculate:
1. the resistance of each bulb
2. the current drawn from the cell.
b) If the bulb B3 is removed from the circuit, then will the brightness of the
bulb B1 increase, decrease or remain the same?

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 Power and energy ( 2017 )
1. a) Explain the meaning of the statement 'current rating of a fuse is 5A'.
b) In the transmission of power the voltage of power generated at the generating
stations is stepped up from 11kV to 132kV before it is transmitted. Why?

Power and energy ( 2020 )

1. An electric iron is rated 220V, 2000W.
a) If the iron is used for 2h daily find the cost of running it for one week if it
costs ` 4.25 per kWh.
b) Why is the fuse absolutely necessary in a power circuit?

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 Household ( 2017 )
1. Draw the diagram of a dual control switch when the appliance is switched ‘ON’.
2. a) Which particles are responsible for current in conductors?
b) To which wire of a cable in a power circuit should the metal case of a
geyser be connected?
c) To which wire should the fuse be connected?

Household ( 2018 )
1. Identify the following wires used in a household circuit:
a) The wire is also called as the phase wire.
b) The wire is connected to the top terminal of a three pin socket.

2. a) A fuse is rated 8A. Can it be used with an electrical appliance

rated 5 kW, 200 V? Give a reason.
b) Name two safety devices which are connected to the live
wire of a household electric circuit.

Household ( 2019 )
1. a) Write one advantage of connecting electrical appliances in parallel
combination.
b) What characteristics should a fuse wire have?
c) Which wire in a power circuit is connected to the metallic body of
the appliance.

2. The diagram below shows a dual control switch circuit connected to a bulb.

a) Copy the diagram and complete it so that the bulb is switched ON.
b) Out of A & B which one is the live wire and which one is the neutral wire?

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 Household ( 2020 )
1. Why is it not advisable to use a piece of copper wire as fuse wire in an electric
circuit?

Household ( 2023 )
1. ‘A geyser is rated 240 W – 220 V’. Explain the meaning of this statement.

2. a) Which electrical component protects the electric circuit in case of

excess current and which can also be used as a switch?
b) Name the wire to which this electrical component is connected in an
electric circuit.

Household ( 2024 )
1. A fuse is rated 5 A. Can it be used with a geyser rated 1540 W, 220 V.
Write Yes or No. Give supporting calculations to justify your answer.

Household ( 2025 )
1. According to the NEW colour convention which colour of wire is connected to: [2
(a) the metal body of the appliance
(b) the switch of the appliance?

2. The diagram shows wiring in a meter room of a building.

a) What is the current rating of device X?

b) What is the difference between the switch Z shown in the diagram and
the switches you use to operate different appliances at home?
c) What is the unit of the physical quantity displayed in Y?

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 Magnetism ( 2017 )
1. State two causes of energy loss in a transformer.

Magnetism ( 2018 )
1. A magnet kept at the center of two coils A and B is moved to and fro
as shown in the diagram. The two galvanometers show deflection.

State with a reason whether: x > y or x < y.

2. The diagram shows a coil wound around a U shape soft iron bar AB.
a) What is the polarity induced at the ends A and B when the switch is
pressed ?
b) Suggest one way to strengthen the magnetic field in the electromagnet.
c) What will be the polarities at A & B if the direction of current is
reversed in the circuit?

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 Magnetism ( 2019 )
1. State two ways to increase the speed of rotation of a D.C. motor.

2. Draw a neat labeled diagram of an A.C. generator.

3. The diagram below shows a magnetic needle kept just below the
conductor AB which is kept in a North-South direction.

a) In which direction will the needle deflect when the key is closed?
b) Why is the deflection produced?
c) What will be the change in the deflection if the magnetic needle is taken
just above the conductor AB?
d) Name one device which works on this principle.

Magnetism ( 2020 )
1. When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it
experiences a mechanical force. What should be the angle between the
magnetic field and the length of the conductor so that the force experienced
is:
a) Zero
b) Maximum?

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 2. The diagram below shows a loop of wire carrying current I:

a) What is the magnetic polarity of the loop that faces us?

b) With respect to the diagram how can we increase the strength of the
magnetic field produced by this loop?

3. The diagram below shows the core of a transformer and its input and output
connections

a) State the material used for the core.

b) Copy and complete the diagram of the transformer by drawing input and
output coils.

4. a) Draw a neat labeled diagram of a d.c. motor.

b) Write any one use of a d.c. motor.

Magnetism ( 2023 )
1. A copper conductor is placed over two stretched copper wires whose ends
are connected to a D.C. supply as shown in the diagram.
a) What should be the magnetic poles at the points A and B lying on either
side of the conductor to experience the force in the upward direction?
b) Name the law used to find these polarities.

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2. The diagram below shows a cardboard on which iron filings are kept. A wire
bent in the form of a loop is seen passing through the cardboard. When current
flows through it the iron filings arrange themselves as shown below.

a) State the polarities of the battery at A and B.

b) State the effect on the magnetic field if an iron rod is held along the axis of
the coil.
c) State one way to:
1. Change the polarity of the coil.
2. Decrease the strength of the magnetic field around the coil.

Magnetism ( 2024 )
1. State two factors affecting the speed of rotation of the coil in a D.C. motor.

2. Below is the diagram of a transformer

a) Identify the type of transformer.

b) In this type of transformer which of the wire is thicker, the primary or the
secondary? Give a reason.

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 3. a) State one factor that affects the magnitude of induced current in an AC
generator.
b) Given below is a circuit to study the magnetic effect of electric current. ABCD
is a cardboard kept perpendicular to the conductor XY. A magnetic compass
is placed at the point P of the cardboard. P1 and P2 are the positions of the
magnetic compass, before and after passing a current through XY respectively.

1. Name the rule that is used to predict the direction of deflection of the
magnetic compass.
2. State the direction of current in the conductor (X to Y or Y to X) when the
circuit is complete.
3. If resistance R is increased, then what will be the effect on the magnetic
lines of force around the conductor?
Magnetism 2025
1. a) Which of the two, alternating current or direct current, produces a varying magnetic
field when it flows through a conductor?
b) State the frequency of the alternating current supply in India.

2. Copper wire is wound a steel bar FT. Current is allowed to pass through the coil for
some time and then
the bar is removed.
a) Draw only the magnetic bar FT and mark its poles.
b) Trace two magnetic lines of force around FT clearly indicating the direction.

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3. A copper rod PQ carrying current is kept in a magnetic field as shown in the
diagram.

a) The copper rod PQ will move towards C. State True or False.

b) Name the law used to determine the direction of motion of PQ.
c) What will be the effect on the force experienced, if the rod PQ is replaced by another
copper rod of same length but of greater cross-sectional area?
d) Justify your answer in (c).

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 Calorimetry Basics ( 2017 )
1. Define heat capacity and state its SI unit.

2. Why is the base of a cooking pan generally made thick ?

3. State whether the specific heat capacity of a substance remains the same when its state
solid to liquid. Give one example to support your answer.

4. How is the transference of heat energy by radiation prevented in a calorimeter.

5. You have a choice of three metals A, B and C, of specific heat capacities

900 Jkg-1oC-1, 380 Jkg-1oC-1 and 460 Jkg-1oC-1 respectively, to make a
calorimeter. Which material will you select? Justify your answer.

6. Name two factors on which the heat energy liberated by a body depends.

Calorimetry Basics ( 2018 )

1. a) How can a temperature in degree Celsius be converted into S.I.
unit of temperature?
b) A liquid X has the maximum specific heat capacity and is used as a
coolant in Car radiators. Name the liquid X.

2. a) Heat supplied to a solid changes it into liquid. What is this change in

phase called?
b) During the phase change does the average kinetic energy of the
molecules of the substance increase?
c) What is the energy absorbed during the phase change called.
3. a) State two differences between “Heat Capacity” and “Specific Heat Capacity”.
b) Give a mathematical relation between Heat Capacity and Specific Heat
Capacity.

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 Calorimetry Basics ( 2019 )
1. How does an increase in the temperature affect the specific resistance of a:
a) Metal
b) Semiconductor

2. a) State whether the specific heat capacity of a substance remains the same
when its state changes from solid to liquid.
b) Give one example to support your answer.

3. a) Define Calorimetry.
b) Name the material used for making a Calorimeter.
c) Why is a Calorimeter made up of thin sheets of the above material
answered in (ii)?

4. The specific heat capacity of a substance A is 3,800 Jkg-1K-1 and that of a

substance B is 400 Jkg-1K-1. Which of the two substances is a good conductor
of heat? Give a reason for your answer.

Calorimetry Basics ( 2020 )

1. The diagram below shows the change of phases of a substance on a temperature
vs time graph on heating the substance at a constant rate.

a) Why is the slope of CD less than slope of AB?

b) What is the boiling and melting point of the substance?

2. Why does stone lying in the sun get heated up much more than water lying for
the same duration of time?

3. Two metallic blocks P and Q having masses in ratio 2:1 are supplied with the
same amount of heat. If their temperatures rise by same degree, compare their
specific heat capacities.

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 4. a) Define heat capacity of a substance.
b) Write the SI unit of heat capacity.
c) What is the relationship between heat capacity and specific heat
capacity of a substance?
Calorimetry Basics ( 2023 )
1. Thermal capacities of substances A and B are same. If mass of A is more than
mass of B then:
a) Which substance will have more specific heat capacity?
b) Which substance will show greater rise in temperature if the same amount of
heat is supplied to both?

2. a) State the principle of calorimetry.

b) Name the material used for making a calorimeter.
c) Write one characteristic property of the material chosen for making a
calorimeter.

Calorimetry Basics ( 2024 )

1. a) Why does it become pleasantly warm when the lakes start freezing?
b) Water freezes to form ice. What change would you expect in the average
kinetic energy of the molecules?
c) Which will contain more heat energy 1 g of ice at 0°C or 1 g water at 0°C?

Calorimetry Basics ( 2025 )

1. a) A certain amount of heat will warm 1 g of material X by 10°C and 1 g of
material Y by 40°C. Which material has higher specific heat capacity?
b) Which material, X or Y, would you select to make a calorimeter?
c) The specific heat capacity of a substance remains the same when it changes
its state from solid to liquid. State True or False.

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 Calorimetry Numericals ( 2017 )
1. Calculate the mass of ice needed to cool 150g of water contained in a calorimeter
of mass 50g at 32ºC such that the final temperature is 5ºC.
Specific heat capacity of calorimeter = 0.4 J/gºC Specific heat
capacity of water = 4.2 J/gºC
Latent heat capacity of ice = 330 J/g.

Calorimetry Numericals ( 2018 )

1. A solid metal weighing 150 g melts at its melting point of 800 oC by providing
heat at the rate of 100 W. The time taken for it to completely melt at the
same temperature is 4 min. What is the specific latent heat of fusion of the
metal?

2. The temperature of 170g of water at 50°C is lowered to 5°C by adding

certain amount of ice to it. Find the mass of ice added
Given: Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 ⁰C-1.
Specific latent heat of ice = 336000 J kg-1

Calorimetry Numericals ( 2019 )

1. The melting point of naphthalene is 80°C and the room temperature is 30°C.
A sample of liquid naphthalene at 100°C is cooled down to the room temperature
temperature-time graph to represent this cooling. In the graph, mark the
region which corresponds to the freezing process.

2. 104 g of water at 30°C is taken in a calorimeter made of copper of mass 42 g.

When a certain mass of ice at 0°C is added to it, the final steady temperature
of the mixture after the ice has melted, was found to be 10°C. Find the mass
of ice added. [Specific heat capacity of water=4.2 Jg-1°C-1
Specific latent heat of fusion of ice =336 Jg-1
Specific heat capacity of copper =0.4 Jg-1°C-1

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 Calorimetry Numericals ( 2023 )
1. A piece of ice of mass 60 g is dropped into 140 g of water at 50oC.
Calculate the final temperature of water when all the ice has melted.
(Assume no heat is lost to the surrounding)
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg-1k-1
Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 336 Jg-1

2. Calculate the total amount of heat energy required to melt 200 g of ice at 0oC
to water at 100oC.
Specific latent heat of ice = 336 J g-1,
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1)

Calorimetry Numericals ( 2024 )

1. How much heat is required to convert 500 g of ice at 0°C to water at 0°C?
The latent heat of fusion of ice is 330 Jg–1.

2. 85 g of water at 30°C is cooled to 5°C by adding certain mass of ice. Find the
mass of ice required.
[Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg–1°C–1,
Specific latent heat of fusion = 336 Jg–1]

Calorimetry Numericals ( 2025 )

1. Calculate the amount of heat absorbed by 200 g of paraffin wax to melt
completely at its melting point.
[Specific latent heat of fusion of paraffin wax = 146 Jg–1]

2. 30 g of ice at 0°C is used to bring down the temperature of a certain mass of

water at 70°C to 20°[Link] the mass of water.
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg–1°C–1.
Specific latent heat of ice = 336 Jg–1.

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 Radioactivity ( 2017 )
1. Name the process used for producing electricity using nuclear energy.

2. When does the nucleus of an atom tend to be radioactive?

3. State two characteristics of a good thermion emitter.
4. State two factors upon which the rate of emission of thermions
depends.
5. When does the nucleus of an atom tend to be radioactive?
6. Name the radiations which are absorbed by greenhouse gases in the
earth’s atmosphere.

7. A radiation X is focused by a particular device on the bulb of a thermometer

and mercury in the thermometer shows a rapid increase. Name the radiation X.

8. Answer the following questions based on a hot cathode ray tube.

a) Name the charged particles.
b) State the approximate voltage used to heat the filament.
c) What will happen to the beam when it passes through the electric field.

9 . State three factors on which the rate of emission of electrons from a metal
surface depends.

10. a) What are free electrons?

b) Why do they not leave the metal surface on their own?
c) How can they be made to leave the metal surface? (State any two ways)

11. Name the process used for producing electricity using nuclear energy.

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 Radioactivity ( 2018 )
1. Why is a nuclear fusion reaction called a thermo nuclear reaction
complete the reactions ?

2.

2. a) What do you understand by the term nuclear fusion?

b) Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission reaction to produce electricity.
c) What is the advantage of producing electricity by fusion reaction?

3. a) What are isobars?

b) Give one example of isobars.

4. Radiations given out from a source when subjected to an electric field in a

direction perpendicular to their path are shown below in the diagram. The
arrows show the path of the radiation A, B and C. Answer the following questions
in terms of A, B and C.

a) Name the radiation B which is unaffected by the electrostatic field.

b) Why does the radiation C deflect more than A?
c) Which among the three causes the least biological damage externally?
d) Name the radiation which is used in carbon dating.

Radioactivity ( 2019 )
1. Is it possible for a hydrogen (1H1) nucleus to emit an alpha particle?
Give a reason for your answer.

2. Why is a nuclear fusion reaction called a thermo nuclear reaction?

3. Complete the reaction:

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 Radioactivity ( 2020 )
1. A nucleus 84X202 of an element emits an alpha particle followed by a beta particle.
The final nucleus is aYb. Find a and b.
2. a) Differentiate between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.
b) State one safety precaution in the disposal of nuclear waste.
3. An atomic nucleus A is composed of 84 protons and 128 neutrons. The nucleus A
emits an alpha particle and is transformed into a nucleus B.

4. What is the composition of B?

5. The nucleus B emits a beta particle and is transformed into a nucleus C.

What is the composition of C?

6. What is mass number of the nucleus A?

7. Does the composition of C change if it emits gamma radiations?

Radioactivity ( 2023 )
1. When does the nucleus of an atom tend to become radioactive?
2. a) Complete the following nuclear changes:

b) Name the nuclear radiation which has the highest ionizing power.

3. a) Which nuclear radiation will travel undeviated in an electric field?

b) How can one stop the radiations escaping from a nuclear reactor
in a nuclear power plant?
c) Name one internal source of background radiations.
4. How is the radioactivity of a radio isotope affected if it undergoes a
chemical change? Give a reason for your answer.

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 Radioactivity ( 2024 )
1. In the following atoms, which one is a radioisotope? Give one use of this isotope. O16,
C14, N14, He4.

2.

3.

(b) Uranium is available in two forms U-235 and U-238. Which of the two
isotopes of Uranium is more fissionable?

Radioactivity ( 2025 )
1. Curium is a radioactive element with the symbol 247 Cm 96 named in honour
of Madam Curie. The graph of number of protons vs number of neutrons for some
elements are shown below:

a) Which point on the graph indicates the element Cm?

b) Which point on the graph indicates daughter nucleus after Cm undergoes
radioactive decay of 1α followed by 2β?
c) State the mass number of the daughter nucleus.

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 2. Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow

a) Name the process depicted in the diagram.

b) What is the value of X?
c) Identify Y, the missing product of the reaction.

A soli
the final
of the so

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