𝑑 𝑑 1 1

1. [𝑥 𝑛 ] = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 10. [log 𝑎 𝑥 ] = ×

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ln 𝑎 𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
2. [sin 𝑥 ] = cos 𝑥 11. [𝑎 𝑥 ] = 𝑎 𝑥 ln 𝑎 (where 𝑎 > 0 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
3. [cos 𝑥 ] = −sin 𝑥 12. [sin 𝑎𝑥 ] = 𝑎 cos 𝑎𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
4. [tan 𝑥 ] = sec 2 𝑥 13. [cos 𝑎𝑥 ] = −𝑎 sin 𝑎𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
5.
𝑑𝑥
[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 ] = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 cot 𝑥 14. [tan 𝑎𝑥 ] = 𝑎 sec 2 𝑎𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
6. [sec 𝑥 ] = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 15. [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑎𝑥 ] = −𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑎𝑥 cot 𝑎𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
7. [cot 𝑥 ] = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 16. [sec 𝑎𝑥)] = 𝑎 sec 𝑎𝑥 tan 𝑎𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
8. [𝑒 𝑥 ] = 𝑒 𝑥 17. [cot 𝑎𝑥 ] = −𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑎𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1 𝑑
9.
𝑑𝑥
[ln(𝑥)] =
𝑥
18. [𝑒 𝒂𝑥 ] = 𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑 1 𝑑
19. [ln(𝒂𝒙)] = 28. [(𝑓(𝑥 ))𝑛 ] = 𝑛(𝑓(𝑥 ))𝑛−1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑎 𝑑
20. [ln(𝒂𝑥 + 𝒃)] = 29. [𝑒 (𝒇(𝒙)) ] = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) 𝑒 (𝑓(𝑥))
𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑥+𝑏 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 1
21. [𝒂𝑘𝑥 ] = 𝑎𝑘𝑥 𝑘 ln 𝑎 (where 𝑎 > 0 ) 30. [ln(𝑓(𝑥))] = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑑 𝑑 1 𝑑
22. [arcsin 𝑥 ] = [sin−1 (𝑥)] = 31. [𝑎(𝑓(𝑥)) ] = 𝑎(𝑓(𝑥)) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) ln 𝑎
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 −1 𝑑
23. [arccos 𝑥 ] = [cos−1 (𝑥)] = 32. [sin 𝒇(𝒙)] = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) cos 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 1 𝑑
24. [arctan 𝑥 ] = [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥)] = 33. [cos 𝒇(𝒙)] = −𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) sin 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
25. [𝑢𝑣] = 𝑢𝑣 ′ + 𝑣𝑢′ 34. [tan 𝒇(𝒙)] = 𝑓(𝑥) sec 2 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑢 𝑣𝑢′ −𝑢𝑣 ′ 35. sin 𝑥 ≈ 𝑥

26. [ ]=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2

𝑥2
𝑑 36. cos 𝑥 ≈ 1 −
27. [𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))] = 𝑓 ′ (𝑔(𝑥 )) 𝑔′ (𝑥) 2
𝑑𝑥
 𝑥 𝑛+1 tan 𝑎𝑥
𝑛
1. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶 15. ∫ sec 2 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑛+1 𝑎

−𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑥
2. ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 16. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑎

3. ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
17. ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑎
4. ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶
18. ∫ sin 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) sin 𝑓(𝑥)
5. ∫ cosec 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 + 𝐶
19. ∫ cos 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) cos 𝑓(𝑥)
6. ∫ sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 + 𝐶
sec 𝑓(𝑥)
20. ∫ sec 𝑓(𝑥) tan 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
2
7. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −cot 𝑥 + 𝐶
− cosec 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥 𝑥 21. ∫ cosec 𝑓(𝑥) cot 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 =
8. ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 + 𝐶 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)

1 tan 𝑓(𝑥)
9. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln |𝑥| + 𝐶 22. ∫ sec 2 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑥 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)

1 1 −cot 𝑓(𝑥)
10. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏| × 23. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑎𝑥+𝑏 𝑎 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)

− cos 𝑎𝑥
11. ∫ sin 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑎 24. ∫ 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ′
𝑓 (𝑥)
sin 𝑎𝑥
12. ∫ cos 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝑎 25. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln |𝑓(𝑥)|
𝑓(𝑥)
sec 𝑎𝑥
13. ∫ sec 𝑎𝑥 tan 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑛+1 1
26. ∫[𝑓(𝑥 )]𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = ×
𝑛+1 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑎𝑥
14. ∫ cosec 𝑎𝑥 cot 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑎
Trigonometry 10. cos 2𝑥 = 2 cos2 𝑥 − 1

2 tan 𝑥
1. sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵 11. tan 2𝑥 =
1−tan2 𝑥

2. sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵 12. sin2 𝑥 = 1 − cos2 𝑥

1−cos 2𝑥
3. cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos 𝐴 cos 𝐵 − sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 13. sin2 𝑥 =
2

4. cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = sin 𝐴 cos 𝐵 + cos 𝐴 sin 𝐵 14. sin2 𝑥 = cos2 𝑥 − cos 2𝑥

tan 𝐴+tan 𝐵
5. tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 15. cos2 𝑥 = 1 − sin2 𝑥
1−tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵

tan 𝐴−tan 𝐵 1+cos 2𝑥

6. tan(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 16. cos2 𝑥 =
1+tan 𝐴 tan 𝐵 2

7. sin 2𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 17. cos2 𝑥 = sin2 𝑥 + cos 2𝑥

8. cos 2𝑥 = cos2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥 18. tan2 𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥 − 1

1−cos 2𝑥
9. cos 2𝑥 = 1 − 2 sin2 𝑥 19. tan2 𝑥 =
1+cos 2𝑥
 cos 𝑥 1
20. cot 2 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1 29. cot 𝑥 = = = √𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1
sin 𝑥 tan 𝑥

1+cos 2𝑥
21. cot 2 𝑥 = 30. sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 = 1
1−cos 2𝑥

22. sec 2 𝑥 = 1 + tan2 𝑥 31. sec 2 𝑥 − tan2 𝑥 = 1

23. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 = 1 + cot 2 𝑥 32. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − cot 2 𝑥 = 1

1−cos 2𝑥 33. sin 3𝑥 = 3 sin 𝑥 − 4 sin3 𝑥

24. sin 𝑥 = ± √1 − cos2 𝑥 = ±√
2

34. cos 3𝑥 = 4 cos3 𝑥 − 3 cos 𝑥

1+cos 2𝑥
25. cos 𝑥 = ± √1 − sin2 𝑥 = ±√
2

sin 𝑥 1
26. tan 𝑥 = = = √sec 2 𝑥 − 1
cos 𝑥 cot 𝑥

1
27. cosec 𝑥 =
sin 𝑥

1
28. sec 𝑥 =
cos 𝑥
35. For positive values of 𝑎, 𝑏 with 𝑅 > 0 and
𝜋
0<𝛼<
2

𝑎 sin 𝑥 + 𝑏 cos 𝑥 = 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 + 𝛼)

𝑎 sin 𝑥 − 𝑏 cos 𝑥 = 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 − 𝛼)

𝑎 cos 𝑥 + 𝑏 sin 𝑥 = 𝑅 cos(𝑥 − 𝛼)

𝑎 cos 𝑥 − 𝑏 sin 𝑥 = 𝑅 cos(𝑥 + 𝛼)

𝑅 = √𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2

𝑅 cos 𝛼 = 𝑎

𝑅 sin 𝛼 = 𝑏