Trigonometry for IIT JEE Main and

Advanced
A Comprehensive Guide for Aspiring Engineers

Prepared for JEE Aspirants

May 2025
2

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

Preface

This mini-book is designed for IIT JEE aspirants preparing for Main and Advanced examina-
tions. Trigonometry, accounting for 7% of JEE Main and a significant portion of JEE Advanced,
is a critical topic due to its integration with algebra, calculus, and coordinate geometry. This
book covers the complete JEE trigonometry syllabus, starting with the unit circle and pro-
gressing through functions, identities, equations, inverse functions, triangle properties, heights
and distances, transformations, and applications. Each chapter includes detailed theory, key
formulas, illustrative examples, graphs, and JEE-style assignment questions. Additional fea-
tures include preparation tips, a formula summary, and a mock test to ensure comprehensive
preparation.

Contents

1 Introduction to Trigonometry 5
1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 JEE Preparation Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 The Unit Circle 7

2.1 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.4 Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.5 Assignment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 Trigonometric Functions and Identities 9

3.1 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 Formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.4 Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.5 Assignment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4 Trigonometric Equations 13
4.1 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2 Formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.4 Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.5 Assignment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3
4 CONTENTS

5 Inverse Trigonometric Functions 15

5.1 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.2 Formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.4 Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.5 Assignment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

6 Properties of Triangles 17
6.1 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.2 Formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.4 Assignment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

7 Heights and Distances 19

7.1 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.2 Formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.4 Assignment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

8 Trigonometric Transformations and Graphs 21

8.1 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.2 Formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.4 Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.5 Assignment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

9 Applications in Other Areas 23

9.1 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
9.2 Formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
9.3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
9.4 Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
9.5 Assignment Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

10 Summary of Key Formulas 25

10.1 Trigonometric Identities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
10.2 Trigonometric Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
10.3 Inverse Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

11 Mock Test 27
11.1 JEE Main Style Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
11.2 JEE Advanced Style Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

Chapter 1

Introduction to Trigonometry

1.1 Overview
Trigonometry is essential for JEE, with 2–3 questions in JEE Main and complex, multi-concept
problems in JEE Advanced. This book provides a structured approach, covering all syllabus
topics with a focus on problem-solving strategies, graphing skills, and efficient use of identities.

1.2 JEE Preparation Tips

√
• Memorize standard angle values (e.g., sin 15◦ = 3−1
√ )
2 2
and special angles (e.g., 18°, 36°).

• Practice past-year JEE questions to identify patterns.

• Use graphs to visualize solutions for equations and transformations.

• Master identities for quick simplification in algebraic and calculus problems.

• Recommended resources: “Trigonometry for JEE” by Amit M. Agarwal, “Plane Trigonom-

etry” by S.L. Loney.

5
6 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

Chapter 2

The Unit Circle

2.1 Theory
The unit circle, a circle with radius 1 centered at (0, 0), defines trigonometric functions for all
real angles. For an angle θ (radians), measured counterclockwise from the positive x-axis, a
point (x, y) on the circle corresponds to:
• cos θ = x, sin θ = y.

• tan θ = xy , cot θ = xy , sec θ = x1 , csc θ = y1 .

The equation x2 + y 2 = 1 leads to sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1. A full revolution is 2π radians (360°).

2.2 Formulae
· Unit circle: x2 + y 2 = 1.
sin θ cos θ 1 1
· Definitions: sin θ = y, cos θ = x, tan θ = cos θ , cot θ = sin θ , sec θ = cos θ , csc θ = sin θ .
180◦
· Conversion: 1 radian = π , 1◦ = π
180 radians.

2.3 Examples
√  √ 
3 3
1. Find the coordinates at θ = π3 . Solution: cos π3 = 12 , sin π3 = 2 . Coordinates: 1
,
2 2 .

sin π6 1
2. Compute tan π6 . Solution: tan π6 = cos π6 = √2
3
= √1 .
3
2
√
3. Find sec π4 . Solution: sec π4 = 1
cos π4 = 1
√
2
= 2.
2

π π
4. Convert 60° to radians. Solution: 60 × 180 = 3 radians.
3π
5. Find the coordinates at θ = 2 . Solution: cos 3π 3π
2 = 0, sin 2 = −1. Coordinates: (0, −1).

6. Compute csc π6 . Solution: csc π6 = 1

sin π6 = 1
1 = 2.
2
 √ 2  √ 2
π π 2 2 1 1
7. Verify sin2 4 + cos2 4 = 1. Solution: 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 = 1.
√
5π 5π cos 5π − 2
8. Find cot 4 . Solution: cot 4 = 4
sin 5π
= √2 = 1.
4 − 22

7
8 CHAPTER 2. THE UNIT CIRCLE

2.4 Graph

y (cos π3 , sin π3 )

x
1

Figure 2.1: The unit circle with a point at θ = π3 .

2.5 Assignment Questions

2π
1. Find the coordinates at θ = 3 .

2. Compute tan 3π
4 .

3. Convert 135° to radians.

4. Find sec 7π
6 .
π π
5. Verify sin2 6 + cos2 6 = 1.

6. Compute csc 5π
3 .
π
7. Convert 4 radians to degrees.

8. Find cot 11π

6 .

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

Chapter 3

Trigonometric Functions and

Identities

3.1 Theory
Trigonometric functions generalize right-triangle ratios to the unit circle, essential for JEE
problems involving periodicity and identities. The six functions are:
opposite
• sin θ = hypotenuse , csc θ = 1
sin θ .

adjacent
• cos θ = hypotenuse , sec θ = 1
cos θ .

• tan θ = sin θ
cos θ , cot θ = cos θ
sin θ .

Properties:
• Periodicity: sin, cos, sec, csc: 2π; tan, cot: π.
• Domain/Range: sin, cos : R → [−1, 1]; tan : x ̸= π
2 + kπ → R.
• Symmetry: Even (cos, sec); odd (sin, tan, csc, cot).
Identities:
• Pythagorean: Derived from x2 + y 2 = 1.
• Sum/Difference: From angle addition on the unit circle.
• Double/Half Angle: Transform expressions for simplification.

3.2 Formulae
· Pythagorean: sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1, 1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ, 1 + cot2 θ = csc2 θ.
· Sum/Difference: sin(α ± β) = sin α cos β ± cos α sin β, cos(α ± β) = cos α cos β ∓ sin α sin β.
· Double Angle: sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ, cos 2θ = 2 cos2 θ − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2 θ.
θ 1−cos θ θ 1+cos θ
· Half Angle: sin2 2 = 2 , cos2 2 = 2 .
· Product-to-Sum: sin α cos β = 12 [sin(α + β) + sin(α − β)].
   
· Sum-to-Product: sin α + sin β = 2 sin α+β 2 cos α−β
2 .

9
10 CHAPTER 3. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS AND IDENTITIES

3.3 Examples
√ √ √ √ √
1. Evaluate sin 75◦ . Solution: sin(45◦ + 30◦ ) = 2
2
· 2
3
+ 2
2
· 1
2 = 6+ 2
4 .

2. Prove tan2 θ + 1 = sec2 θ. Solution: Divide sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 by cos2 θ.

1
3. Simplify sin x cos x. Solution: sin x cos x = 2 sin 2x.
√ √
4. Find cos 15◦ . Solution: cos(45◦ − 30◦ ) = 6+ 2
4 .
 √ 2
π π 1 2 3 1 3
5. Verify sin2 + cos2


6 6 = 1. Solution: 2 + 2 = 4 + 4 = 1.
√
√ √ √
◦ 1− 22 2− 2
6. Compute sin 22.5◦ . Solution: sin2 452
= = 2
2− 2
4 =⇒ sin 22.5◦ = 2 .
√
7. Simplify sin x + cos x. Solution: 2 sin x + π4 .

8. (JEE Main) If sin4 x+cos4 x = 21 , find sin x cos x. Solution: Use sin4 x+cos4 x = (sin2 x+
cos2 x)2 − 2 sin2 x cos2 x = 1 − 2 sin2 x cos2 x. Then sin2 x cos2 x = 14 =⇒ sin x cos x = ± 12 .

3.4 Graphs

1 y
sin x
cos x
x
−π −π/2 π/2 π

−1

Figure 3.1: Graphs of sin x and cos x.

y tan x

2 x
−2

Figure 3.2: Graph of tan x.

3.5 Assignment Questions

1. Compute tan 75◦ .

2. Prove sin 3x = 3 sin x − 4 sin3 x.

sin x+cos x
3. Simplify sin x−cos x .

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

CHAPTER 3. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS AND IDENTITIES 11

y cot x

2 x
−2 π/2

Figure 3.3: Graph of cot x.

4. Find cos 22.5◦ .

5. (JEE Main) If sin2 x + cos2 x + 2 sin x cos x = 1, find x.

6. Prove cos 4x = 8 cos4 x − 8 cos2 x + 1.

7. Simplify sin x cos 3x + cos x sin 3x.

8. Compute sin 18◦ .

9. (JEE Advanced) If sin x + sin y = 12 , cos x + cos y = 12 , find sin(x + y).

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

12 CHAPTER 3. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS AND IDENTITIES

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

Chapter 4

Trigonometric Equations

4.1 Theory
Trigonometric equations involve solving for θ in equations like sin x = sin α. General solutions
account for periodicity:

• sin x = sin α =⇒ x = nπ + (−1)n α.

• cos x = cos α =⇒ x = 2nπ ± α.

• tan x = tan α =⇒ x = nπ + α.

Techniques:

• Reduce to a single function using identities.

√
• Use auxiliary angles: a sin x + b cos x = a2 + b2 sin(x + ϕ).

• Solve quadratics in sin x, cos x, or tan x.

4.2 Formulae
· General solutions: As above.
√
· Linear combination: a sin x + b cos x = a2 + b2 sin(x + ϕ), cos ϕ = √ a .
a2 +b2

4.3 Examples
√
3
1. Solve sin x = 2 in [0, 2π]. Solution: sin x = sin π3 =⇒ x = π3 , π − π
3 = 2π
3 .

2. Solve cos 2x = cos x. Solution: 2 cos2 x − 1 = cos x =⇒ 2 cos2 x − cos x − 1 = 0. Solve:

cos x = 1, − 12 . Solutions: x = 2nπ, 2nπ ± 2π
3 .

3. Solve tan 3x = 1. Solution: tan 3x = tan π4 =⇒ 3x = nπ + π4 =⇒ x = nπ π

3 + 12 .
√ √
√
4. Solve sin x + cos x = 2. Solution: 2 sin x + π4 = 2 =⇒ sin x + π4 = 1 =⇒ x =

2nπ + π4 .
x
5. (JEE Advanced) Find the number of solutions to sin x = 2π in [0, 2π]. Solution: Graph-
ically, 3 intersections (at x = 0 and two others).

13
14 CHAPTER 4. TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

6. Solve sin 2x = sin x. Solution: 2 sin x cos x = sin x =⇒ sin x(2 cos x − 1) = 0. Solutions:
x = nπ, 2nπ ± π3 .

7. Solve cos2 x − sin x = 21 . Solution: Substitute cos2 x = 1 − sin2 x, solve quadratic in sin x.

4.4 Graph

√
x
y 3
π sin x − 2 2π

−0.87

√
3
Figure 4.1: Graph of sin x = 2 , showing solutions.

4.5 Assignment Questions

1. Solve cos x = − 12 in [0, 2π].

2. Find solutions to sin 2x = cos x.

3. Solve tan2 x − sec x = 1.

4. (JEE Main) Find the number of solutions to sin x + cos x = 1 in [0, 4π].

5. Solve sin 3x = cos 2x in [0, π].

6. Solve sin2 x + sin x = 12 .

7. (JEE Advanced) Find the number of solutions to sin x + sin 3x = 0 in [0, 2π].

8. Solve cos 3x = cos x.

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

Chapter 5

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

5.1 Theory
Inverse trigonometric functions reverse trigonometric operations, with restricted domains:

• arcsin x : [−1, 1] → − π2 , π2 , arccos x : [−1, 1] → [0, π].

 

• arctan x : R → − π2 , π2 , x : R → (0, π].

• x : (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞) → [0, π] \ π2 .

Identities: arcsin x + arccos x = π2 .

5.2 Formulae
· arcsin x + arccos x = π2 , arctan x + x = π2 .

· sin(arcsin x) = x, arctan(tan x) = x (within principal range).

5.3 Examples
√  √
2 2
1. Evaluate arcsin 2 . Solution: arcsin 2 = π4 .

√ √
2. Find arctan(− 3). Solution: arctan(− 3) = − π3 .
√
3. Simplify cos(arcsin x). Solution: Let θ = arcsin x =⇒ cos θ = 1 − x2 .

4. Solve arccos x = π3 . Solution: x = cos π3 = 12 .

  √
5. (JEE Main) Simplify arctan √13 +arctan( 3). Solution: π26 Solve arcsin x+arctan y =
π π
4 . Solution: Let θ = arcsin x, ϕ = arctan y. Then sin θ = x, tan ϕ = y, and θ + ϕ = 4 .
π
Use sin( 4 − ϕ) = x, solve for x, y.

π
7.
6. (JEE Advanced) Find the range of arcsin x + arccos x. Solution: Always 2.

15
16 CHAPTER 5. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

y arcsin x
arccos x

x
π/2
−π/2
−1 1

Figure 5.1: Graphs of arcsin x and arccos x.

5.4 Graph

5.5 Assignment Questions

 √ 
1. Evaluate arccos − 23 .

2. Simplify tan(arccos x).

3. Solve arctan x = π4 .
1 1



4. (JEE Main) Find arcsin 2 + arccos 2 .

5. (JEE Advanced) Solve arcsin x + arctan x = π4 .

6. Simplify sin(arctan x).

7. Find 2.

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

Chapter 6

Properties of Triangles

6.1 Theory
Trigonometric functions solve triangle problems, a key JEE topic. Key formulas relate sides
(a, b, c) and angles (A, B, C).

6.2 Formulae
a b c
· Sine Rule: sin A = sin B = sin C = 2R.

· Cosine Rule: a2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A.

· Projection: a = b cos C + c cos B.

· Area: ∆ = 21 bc sin A, Heron’s: ∆ =

p
s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c).
∆ abc
· Inradius: r = s, Circumradius: R = 4∆ .

· Napier’s: tan B−C

2 = b−c
b+c cot A2 .

6.3 Examples
1. In △ABC, a = 5, b = 6, ∠A = 45◦ . Find c. Solution: Cosine rule: c2 = 52 + 62 − 2 · 5 ·
6 · cos 45◦ ≈ 19.36 =⇒ c ≈ 4.4.

2. Find the area of △ABC with a = 4, b = 5, ∠C = 60◦ . Solution: ∆ = 1

· 4 · 5 · sin 60◦ =
√ 2
5 3.

3. Use sine rule: a = 3, b = 4, ∠A = 30◦ . Find ∠B. Solution: 3

sin 30◦ = 4
sin B =⇒ sin B =
4· 12
3 = 23 .

4. Find the circumradius of a triangle with sides 3, 4, 5. Solution: R = 25 .

√ √
5. (JEE Main) If A, B, C in AP, a = 2, c = 6, find b. Solution: Use cosine rule and
2B = A + C.
24
6. Find the inradius of a triangle with sides 6, 8, 10. Solution: ∆ = 24, s = 12, r = 12 = 2.

17
18 CHAPTER 6. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES

6.4 Assignment Questions

1. In △ABC, a = 7, b = 8, ∠C = 90◦ . Find c.

2. Find the area with a = 6, b = 7, ∠C = 120◦ .

3. Use sine rule: b = 5, c = 6, ∠B = 60◦ . Find ∠C.

4. (JEE Advanced) If tan A2 = 31 , tan B2 = 41 , find tan C2 .

5. Find the circumradius of a triangle with sides 5, 12, 13.

6. Find the area of an equilateral triangle with side 4.

7. Use projection formula to find c if a = 3, b = 4, ∠C = 45◦ .

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

Chapter 7

Heights and Distances

7.1 Theory
These problems use trigonometric ratios to find heights or distances, often involving angles of
elevation/depression.

7.2 Formulae
opposite
· tan θ = adjacent .

· Standard: tan 30◦ = √1 ,

3
tan 45◦ = 1.

7.3 Examples
1. A tower’s angle of ◦
h
√ elevation is 60° from 100 m away. Find height. Solution: tan 60 =
100 =⇒ h = 100 3.

2. Two points 50 m apart see a tower at 30° and 45°. Find height. Solution: Solve using
tan 30◦ and tan 45◦ .
3. A pole’s shadow is 15 m at 45°. Find height. Solution: tan 45◦ = h
15 =⇒ h = 15.
60
4. (JEE Main) A kite 60 m high with 100 m string. Find angle. Solution: sin θ = 100 =⇒
θ = arcsin 0.6.
5. A ladder at 60° reaches 10 m up. Find length. Solution: sin 60◦ = 10
L =⇒ L = 20
√
3
.

7.4 Assignment Questions

1. A tower’s angle is 30° from 200 m. Find height.
2. Two observers 100 m apart see a balloon at 45° and 60°. Find height.
3. A tree’s shadow is 30 m at 30°. Find height.
4. (JEE Main) Find distance to a tower 50 m high at 45°.
5. A ladder 12 m long leans at 60°. Find height reached.
6. A building’s angle is 45° from 50 m. Find height.

19
20 CHAPTER 7. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

Chapter 8

Trigonometric Transformations and

Graphs

8.1 Theory
Transformations modify trigonometric graphs:
y = Af (Bx + C) + D
• A: Amplitude (|A| for sin, cos).
• Period: 2π
|B| (sin, cos), π
|B| (tan, cot).

• Phase shift: − B
C
.
• Vertical shift: D.

8.2 Formulae
· General: y = Af (Bx + C) + D.
· Amplitude: |A|.
· Period: As above.
C
· Phase shift: − B .

8.3 Examples
1. Analyze y = 4 sin(3x − π2 ) + 2. Solution: Amplitude = 4, Period = 2π
3 , Phase shift = π
6,
Vertical shift = 2.
π
2. Find period of y = tan(2x). Solution: 2.

3. Range of y = 3 cos(2x) − 1. Solution: [−4, 2].

4. Graph y = −2 sin(x + π4 ). Solution: Amplitude = 2, Phase shift = − π4 .
5. (JEE Main) Solutions to 3 sin(2x + π3 ) = 2 in [0, π]. Solution: Solve algebraically, 2
solutions.
π π
6. Analyze y = 2 tan(4x − π) + 1. Solution: Period = 4, Phase shift = 4.

21
22 CHAPTER 8. TRIGONOMETRIC TRANSFORMATIONS AND GRAPHS

8.4 Graphs

6 y
y = 4 sin(3x − π2 ) + 2

2
x
−π −π/2 π/2 π

Figure 8.1: Transformed sine function.

y
y = 2 tan(4x − π) + 1

x
−113

Figure 8.2: Transformed tangent function.

2 y
y = 3 cos(2x) − 1
x
−π −π/2 π/2 π
−1

−4

Figure 8.3: Transformed cosine function.

8.5 Assignment Questions

1. Analyze y = 3 cos(4x + π3 ) − 2.

2. Find period of y = sec(3x).

3. Range of y = −2 sin(5x) + 1.

4. (JEE Main) Solutions to 4 cos(2x − π4 ) = 3 in [0, π].

5. Graph y = 5 tan(x + π3 ) − 2.

6. Find amplitude of y = 6 sin(3x − π).

7. (JEE Advanced) Find period of y = sin x + cos 2x.

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

Chapter 9

Applications in Other Areas

9.1 Theory
Trigonometry integrates with:
• Algebra: Simplifying expressions.

• Calculus: Integrals/derivatives.

• Coordinate Geometry: Parametric curves.

9.2 Formulae
x sin 2x
sin2 x dx =
R
· Integrals: 2 − 4 + C.
d
· Derivatives: dx sin x = cos x.

· Parametric: x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ.

9.3 Examples
√ π


1. Simplify3 sin x + cos x. Solution: 2 sin x + 6 .
R π/2
2. Compute 0 sin2 x dx. Solution: π4 .
x2 y2
3. Locus of x = 3 cos θ, y = 2 sin θ. Solution: 9 + 4 = 1.
1
4. (JEE Advanced) Differentiate arctan x. Solution: 1+x2
.

5. Parametric curve x = cos θ, y = sin θ. Solution: x2 + y 2 = 1.

9.4 Graph

9.5 Assignment Questions

1. Simplify 2 sin x − cos x.
Rπ
2. Compute 0 cos2 x dx.

3. Locus of x = 5 cos θ, y = 3 sin θ.

23
24 CHAPTER 9. APPLICATIONS IN OTHER AREAS

2 y √
3 sin x + cos x

x
π 2π

−2

Figure 9.1: Linear combination of trigonometric functions.

4. (JEE Advanced) Differentiate arcsin x.

5. Parametric curve x = 2 cos θ, y = 2 sin θ.

R
6. Integrate sin x cos x dx.

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

Chapter 10

Summary of Key Formulas

10.1 Trigonometric Identities 10.2 Trigonometric Equations

· sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 · sin x = sin α =⇒ x = nπ + (−1)n α

· cos x = cos α =⇒ x = 2nπ ± α

· 1+ tan2 θ = sec2 θ
10.3 Inverse Functions
· sin(α + β) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β
π
· arcsin x + arccos x = 2

· sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ · sin(arcsin x) = x

25
26 CHAPTER 10. SUMMARY OF KEY FORMULAS

Trigonometry for IIT JEE

Chapter 11

Mock Test

11.1 JEE Main Style Questions

√
1. If sin x + cos x = 2, find x in [0, 2π].

2. Compute tan 15◦ .

3. Find the number of solutions to sin 2x = cos x in [0, π].

11.2 JEE Advanced Style Questions

1. Solve sin x + sin 3x + sin 5x = 0 in [0, π].

2. In △ABC, if tan A2 = 12 , tan B2 = 13 , find tan C2 .

27