Chapter - 6
Design Features
6.1 General
The Parbati-Kalisindh-Chambal link project is a diversion cum storage scheme,
proposed to transfer surplus water of Parbati, Newaj (a tributary of Kalisindh river)
and Kalisindh rivers to Gandhi Sagar (GS) or Rana Pratap Sagar (RPS) besides
providing enroute irrigation and domestic water supply. The water thus saved (i.e.
water supplemented to GS or RPS) will be utilised in Upper Chambal sub- basin
through proposed seven reservoirs. Either Gandhi Sagar or Rana Pratap Sagar will
be used as terminal reservoir. In case of linking to Gandhi Sagar, two alternatives
have been [Link] project comprises of:
(i) Three composite dams namely Patanpur across Parbati river, Mohanpura across
Newaj river and Kundaliya across Kalisindh river. In addition to these seven
reservoirs in Upper Chambal sub-basin have to be constructed. The field survey of
these seven reservoirs is proposed to be done at DPR stage. Features of these
seven reservoirs incorporated in this report are based on toposheet study only.
(ii) A 243.62 km long canal in case of alternative-(a) linking to RPS, or a 226.63 km
long water conductor system (including pumping reach of 19.74 km in three stages
from Kundaliya reservoir with total head of 50.15 m) in case of alternative- (b)-I
linking to GS, or 201.83 km long water conductor system (including pumping reach
of 3.20 km in single stage from Akheri village with total head of 47.42 m) in case of
alternative- (b)-II linking to GS for transferring water.
(iii) Three tunnels having lengths of 6.61 km, 1.29 km & 3.10 km common in all three
alternatives, two additional tunnels 3.60 km & 5.96 km of length involved in case of
linking to RPS or one additional tunnel of length 3.60 km in case of alternative (b)-II
linking to GS.
(iv) In case of alternative (b)-I linking to GS, water will be pumped in three stages
consisting of seven pumps in each stage with installed capacity of each pump 2150
HP, 1750 HP and 2000 HP or in case of alternative (b)-II linking to GS, 5000 HP will
be required to lift the water in single stage. The design features of these components
are discussed in the following paragraphs.
6.2 Components & type of the head works
The head works of all the three dams consist of earthen dams across the main rivers
with central spillway. The length of Patanpur, Mohanpura and Kundaliya dams is
3997 m, 1900 m and 3500 m respectively with maximum height of 19.62 m, 24.50
m & 45 m respectively. The spillways length at Patanpur, Mohanpura & Kundaliya
dam are 197 m, 176 m & 228.50 m and are provided with 19,17 & 22 nos. of gates
respectively to pass maximum flood. The head regulators to discharge 199.30
cumec, 238.00 cumec & 49.10 cumec, at Patanpur, Mohanpura & Kundaliya dams
are provided on left flanks.
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6.3 Geotechnical investigations
The work of geotechnical investigations for link project was entrusted to GSI, Bhopal.
Consultancy work for carrying out geotechnical investigations for foundation
characterisation for head works and other link canal structures and borrow area
survey for location of suitable soils for construction of canal embankment of link
project has been assigned to the Central Soil & Materials Research Station
(CSMRS), New Delhi. Accordingly the disturbed/ undisturbed soil samples have
been collected by the NWDA under the supervision of CSMRS and logging is carried
out by GSI. The laboratory test on them in order to ascertain their suitability for use
in construction has been carried out by the CSMRS. A short description of these
investigations has been given in Chapter-4 “Surveys and Investigations”.
6.4 Geology, seismicity and foundation conditions
6.4.1 Geology of the dam sites and project area
The Geological Survey of India has carried out the geological investigations along
the dam axis of Patanpur, Mohanpura, and Kundaliya, tunnels, number of cross
drainage works such as Ghorapachhar aqueduct, Ajnar aqueduct, Gharganga
aqueduct, Kanthali aqueduct [alternative (b)-I] Ahu aqueduct, and some part of the
canal alignment. The drilling of 28 bore holes one on the each bank of river and one
in river bed in respect of 3 dams Patanpur, Mohanpura, Kundaliya & Ahu barrage, 3
on tunnel no-1, 2 each on other four tunnels, 2 aqueduct sites and one in deep
cutting has been done by CWC as recommended by GSI.
6.4.2 Geology of the link alignment
The link project is located in the Malwa Plateau of western M.P. and Rajasthan. In
the reach Parbati (Patanpur) -Newaj (Mohanpura)- Kalisindh (Kundaliya), the region
is occupied by rocks of two chronologically different geological domains. The upper
most sequence comprises thick cover of basaltic lava flows and associated inter
trappeans of the Deccan trap complex covering the sedimentary sequence of
Vindhyan super group. Alluvium corresponding to quaternary to recent period is
mainly confined along the banks of the major rivers. The area comprises soil profile
ranging in thickness from 0.5 m to 6 m. At many places the elevated section of the
link canal exhibits rock cover ranging 20 m to 60 m. The link crosses many
major/minor rivers where CD structures are proposed. These rivers have bed rock
profile at shallow depth. Since rock mass is hard, compact, fresh to slight
weathered, the acceptable foundation grade is expected to be 1 m to1.5 m depth in
the bed rock.
Basaltic lava flows occurring in Kundaliya-Rana Pratap Sagar alignment or
Kundaliya-Gandhi Sagar alignment belong to the Mandleshwar, Kalisindh and Kan
Kariya - Pirukheri formations in an ascending order of Malwa Group of Deccan trap
complex which overlies the suket shale formation of Khorip group of the Vindhyan
sub-group in Bhanpura-Ramganjmadi-Eklingpura section of the scheme. The 5.92
km long tunnel near Eklingpura leading to the RPS reservoir passes through the
Vindhyan scarap comprising the slopes and the Chittorgarh Fort sandstone
Formation of the hill top. Here the Vindhyan sequence represents the part of the
south-western limb of the NW trending regional (Jhalawar) anticline. The tunneling
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media all through the tunnel alignment appears to be splintery shale on existing
geological conditions. The direction of dip of beds and slope angle (35o) are
apparently in the direction of the tunnel.
6.4.3 Seismicity
The project area falls under Zone I as given in IS 1893-1984 “Criteria for earthquake
resistant design of structures (fourth revision)” indicating low seismicity of the area.
6.5 Stability analysis of earth dam
The stability analysis of earthen dam for Patanpur and Mohanpura dams has been
carried out by slip circle method considering 1.01 gm/cc average submerged density,
1.70 t/sqm average cohesion and 45o value of tan F . The dam section has been
checked for upstream steady seepage condition and downstream seepage condition.
On the basis of stability analysis of earthen dam carried out for above two dams, the
side slopes for the earthen embankment in the Kundaliya dam has been assumed
and no separate stability analysis has been done so far.
6.6 U/S steady seepage condition
All the zones above the phreatic line (drawn for upstream water level consideration)
have been considered as moist for working out resisting and driving forces and
zones below it have been considered with their submerged weights for working out
both resisting and driving forces.
a) Drawdown condition: In the draw down condition all the zones above phreatic
lines have been considered as moist for computation of both the driving and
resisting forces.
b) Zones in the draw-down range: Core material and non-free draining material
have been considered as saturated and free draining material have been
considered as moist for computing driving forces. All the materials have been
considered as submerged for computing resisting forces.
c) Zones below drawdown level: All the zones including foundation zones below
the drawdown level have been considered as submerged for computing both the
driving and resisting forces.
6.7 D/S steady seepage condition
The stability analysis of earth dam has been carried out assuming that the dam is
fully saturated below phreatic line.
Material below tail water level has been considered as submerged for all the
conditions of stability. The analysis for upstream slope has been done for the
condition of the drawdown from full reservoir level.
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The results of stability analysis of the earth dam as obtained through the computer
package for all the above mentioned conditions were obtained. The section is found
to be safe.
6.8 Spillway
Patanpur dam
A centrally located ogee type spillway (over flow section) with downstream slope 1: 1
is proposed on the river gorge portion. The total length and maximum height above
natural surface level (NSL) will be 197 m and 7.29 m respectively. The crest level of
the spillway will be at 409.29 m. The study for probable maximum flood for the
Patanpur dam site has been carried out by the unit hydrograph method. The design
flood hydrograph has a peak of 10121 cumec.
Using the above design flood hydrograph, the maximum water level (MWL) was
computed by carrying out flood routing for the reservoir. 18 gates of 8 m x 10.5 m
are required to pass the design flood. Maximum water level thus obtained is 419.26
m whereas the FRL is 419 m. However, at the 419.62 m maximum water level 19
gates (1 standby) have been considered in the design of overflow section.
Mohanpura dam
A centrally located ogee type spillway (over flow section) with downstream slope 0.9:
1 is proposed on the river gorge portion. The total length and maximum height above
NSL will be 176 m and 11.0 m respectively. The crest level of the spillway will be at
389.50 m. The study for probable maximum flood for the Mohanpura dam site has
been carried out by the unit hydrograph method. The design flood hydrograph has a
peak of 10637.1 cumec.
Using the above design flood hydrograph, the maximum water level (MWL) was
computed by carrying out flood routing for the reservoir. 16 gates of 8 m x 12 m
are required to pass the design flood. Maximum water level thus obtained is 400.89
m whereas the FRL is 400 m. However, at the 401.50 m maximum water level, 17
gates (1 standby) have been considered in the design of overflow section.
Kundaliya dam
A centrally located ogee type spillway (over flow section) with downstream slope 0.9:
1 is proposed on the river gorge portion. The total length and maximum height above
NSL will be 228.50 m and 32.0 m respectively. The crest level of the spillway will be
at 369.0 m. The study for probable maximum flood for the Kundaliya dam site has
been carried out by the unit hydrograph method. The design flood hydrograph has a
peak of 11539.2 cumec.
Using the above design flood hydrograph, the maximum water level (MWL) was
computed by carrying out flood routing for the reservoir, 20 gates of 8 m x 10.5 m are
required to pass the design flood. Maximum water level thus obtained is 378.44 m
whereas the FRL is 378 m. However, at the 379.5 m maximum water level 22
gates (2 standby) have been considered in the design of overflow section.
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6.9 Stability analysis of gravity dam
The stability analysis for the non-overflow concrete dam has been carried out for
different conditions.
The design has been carried out to fulfill the following conditions/ criterion of stability:
a) The dam shall be safe against sliding at any plane or combination of planes
within the dam, at the foundation and within the foundation.
b) The dam shall be safe against overturning at any plane within the dam at the
base and at any plane below the base.
c) The safe unit stresses in the concrete of the dam and in the foundation
material shall not be exceeded.
Various parameters have been assumed while carrying out the above stability
analysis.
The top width, height above the NSL and side slope in the downstream of gravity
dam for Patanpur, Mohanpura and Kundaliya dams are furnished in Table – 6.1.
Table – 6.1
Top width, height and side slope of dams
Name of dam Top width (m) Height above NSL (m) Side slope
Patanpur 6.0 19.62 1: 1
Mohanpura 6.0 24.50 0.9: 1
Kundaliya 8.0 45.0 1: 1
6.10 Energy dissipation
In order to decide the type of energy dissipator, the jump height curve and tail water
rating curve for Patanpur, Mohanpura and Kundaliya dams have been plotted. The
jump height curve is found above the tail water rating curve in case of Patanpur and
Mohanpura dams and hence bucket type energy dissipators are provided in the
design. In case of Kundaliya dam the jump height curve is found always below the
tail water rating curve. Hence, sloping apron has been provided as a dissipation
device. The radius of bucket has been worked out as 1.5 m and 7.0 m in case of
Patanpur and Mohanpura dams respectively, whereas the length of sloping apron is
81.0 m in case of dissipator provided in the Kundaliya dam.
6.11 Design features of pumping system
From Kundaliya reservoir in Kalisindh river while linking to Gandhisagar [alternative
(b)] lift has been proposed to transfer the water. Two alternative studies have been
carried out. In first alternative [alternative (b)-I] pumping is proposed in three stages
upto RD 19.70 km, out of which 1.5 km pipeline and remaining canal flows in gravity.
In the second alternative [alternative (b)-II] pumping is proposed in single stage. In
alternative (b)-I the head in each stages is 16.65 m, 15.50 m and 18.00 m
respectively, whereas in alternative (b)-II, head is 47.42 m.
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Since with higher velocity, head loss due to friction increases, a velocity about 2 m/s
is considered for design. The friction factor is taken as 0.01 for steel pipes. In
alternative (b)-I pumping in three stages, 7 pumps with a provision of one as stand
by are proposed to be installed in each stage. The diameter of each pipe is 2.40m.
The installed capacities of these pumps are 2150 HP, 1750 HP and 2000 H.P. In
alternative (b)-II, pumping in single stage has also 7 pumps with a provision of one
as stand by are proposed having installed capacity of each pump as 5000 HP. The
diameter of pipe is 2.10 m.
The total power requirement for lifting of water in alternative (b)-I and alternative (b)-
II works out as 22.38 MW and 18.10 MW based on average of 16 years data.
6.12 Design features of tunnels
There are five tunnels proposed along the link canal to cross the high ridges. The
first tunnel has a length of 6.61 km from RD 6.764 km to 13.372 km from Patanpur to
Mohanpura dam reach, second and third tunnels are between Mohanpura to
Kundaliya dam reach having lengths of 1.29 km and 3.100 km from RD 33.315 km to
34.600 km and RD 50.264 km to 53.364 km respectively, and fourth & fifth tunnels
are in the reach from Kundaliya to Rana Pratap Sagar dam from RD 16.915 km to
20.515 km and at the tail end of the canal from RD 107.100 km to RD 113.060 km
having length of 3.60 km and 5.96 km respectively. Tunnels are designed as free
flowing tunnels providing free board of 0.75 m. The maximum velocity in the tunnel
has been kept as 2.70 m/second as per IS 10430:2000 for concrete lining. The
rugosity coefficient for tunnel is considered as 0.014. It is assumed that the inner
surface finish will be achieved at the time of construction. The shape of tunnels is
modified horseshoe. The radii of tunnels are 5.10 m, 5.50 m & 2.90 m respectively.
6.13 Canals
The canals of proposed P-K-C link can be described in three parts as follows:
i) Reach from Patanpur to Mohanpura dam
ii) Reach from Mohanpura to Kundaliya dam
iii) Reach from Kalisindh to Chambal River
(a) Reach from Kundaliya to Rana Pratap Sagar [alt-(a) ]
(b) Reach from Kundaliya to Gandhi Sagar [alt-(b)-I ]
(c) Reach from Kundaliya to Gandhi Sagar (via Ahu barrage) [alt-(b)-II ]
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Details of the link canal are summerised in Table-6.2.
Table-6.2
Details of the Link Canal
Canal Reach Length Design Bed FSL Bed Velocity
(Km) Discharge Width (m) Slope (m/sec)
(cumec) (m)
Patanpura- 55.37 199.30 19.5 411 1:10,000 1.331
Mohanpura
Mohanpura- 73.17 238.00 21.3 392.5 1:8,000 1.502
Kundaliya
Kundaliya- 115.08 49.10 8.00 368.7 1:20,000 0.752
Ranapratap
Sagar (Alt.-a)
Kundaliya- 98.092 49.10 7.00 412.0 1:10,000 1.07
Gandhisagar
(Alt.-b-I)
Kundaliya- 73.29 49.10 9.00 368.7 1:13,500 0.8621
Gandhisagar
(Alt.-b-II)
6.13.1 Lining
Lining with precast in M-10 C.C [Link] is proposed in canal bed as well as in side
slope for the entire length of the canal. The thickness of lining shall be according to
canal capacity as per IS code 3875-1978.
6.13.2 Transmission losses
The transmission losses are assumed as 0.60 cumecs per million sqm of wetted
area as per IS code 10430-2000
6.14 Cross drainage works
As the link is aligned as a contour canal, it shall cross several streams and minor
rivers. It shall also cross several roads and railway tracks. The type of cross
drainage work depends upon the catchment area of the stream and its bed level with
reference to full supply level and bed level of the canal at the crossing. In general,
aqueducts are proposed across major streams and hume pipe culvert across small
streams. Super passages are proposed when the bed level of the streams is much
higher than the full supply level of the canal at crossing. In view of the large size of
the canal, canal syphons shall be avoided. Detailed laboratory tests for finding the
suitability of rock for foundation of the two major aqueducts across Ajnar and
Gharganga river have been carried out. Whereas for other major CD structures,
DRB, railway bridges, CR/escapes etc auger hole/trial pit + auger holes have been
carried out. Based on the soil samples collected, it is inferred that hard rock can be
met with at reasonable depth below the stream bed level/NSL.
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6.14.1 Details of canal structures
In case of alternative-(a), linking to Rana Pratap Sagar, the link canal shall cross 12
major rivers, 2 National highways, 2 railway lines, across which aqueducts/canal
siphon and bridges have been proposed. Apart from these 53 small streams &
nallas and 50 roads shall come across the link canal. In case of linking to Gandhi
Sagar Alt-(b)-I, the link canal shall cross 7 major rivers, 2 National highways, 2
railway lines, across which aqueducts and bridges have been proposed. In addition
to these, 47 small streams & nallas and 50 roads shall come across the link canal in
this alternative. Whereas in the second alternative of Gandhi Sagar named as Alt-
(b)-II, the link canal shall cross 8 major rivers, 2 National highways, 2 railway lines,
across which aqueducts and bridges respectively have been proposed. Apart from
these, 45 small streams & nallas and 41 roads shall come across the link canal in
this alternative. The reach wise drainage works are described as follows:
[Link] Reach from Patanpur to Mohanpura dam
There are 2 aqueducts, 6 super passages, 2 drainage syphons, 10 DRB and 6 VRB
and 1 railway bridge, 1 CR cum escape, 1 escape, 6 HR, 1 tunnel and 3 hume pipe
culvert are proposed along the alignment in this reach.
[Link] Reach from Mohanpura to Kundaliya dam
There are 3 aqueducts, 2 super passages, 5 drainage syphons, 13 DRB & 4 VRB, 1
CR cum escape, 1 escape, 6 HR and 8 hume pipe culvert are proposed along the
alignment in this reach.
[Link] Reach from Kundaliya to RPS dam [Alt-(a)]
There are 5 aqueducts, 5 super passages, 11 drainage syphons, 14DRB & 7 VRB, 2
CR cum escapes, 3 escapes, 12 HR, 13 hume pipe culvert and 1 canal syphon
across railway track (BG) are proposed along the alignment in this reach.
[Link] Reach from Kundaliya to Gandhi Sagar dam [Alt-(b)-I]
There are 2 aqueducts, 1 super passages, 12 drainage syphons, 1 barrage, 9 DRB
& 12 VRB, 1 railway bridge, 2 CR cum escapes, 2 escapes, 12 HR and 7 hume pipe
culvert are proposed along the alignment in this reach.
[Link] Reach from Kundaliya to Gandhi Sagar dam [Alt-(b)-II]
There are 2 aqueducts, 3 super passages, 7 drainage syphons, 5 DRB & 7 VRB, 1
railway bridge, 1 CR cum escapes, 1 escape, 12 HR and 9 hume pipe culvert are
proposed along the alignment in this reach.
6.14.2 Percentage of fluming proposed
The canal is flumed at the site of structures like aqueducts, bridges, super passages,
and syphons with a view to minimise the cost of structure. At the site of aqueduct
the canal is flumed upto an extent of 25%.
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6.14.3 Transition in canal section and head losses
Head loss of 0.15 m is provided in each aqueduct and head loss of 0.05 m is
provided in each DRB, Railway bridges and Super passages whereas head loss of
about 0.23 m is provided at canal syphon across railway line at RD 67.100 Km.
The losses of head due to contraction is computed as = 0.2 (v22 – v12) /2g
The losses of head due to expansion is computed as = 0.3 (v22 – v12) /2g
Where v1 = Velocity of the canal before contraction
v2 = Velocity of the canal at exit of contraction
6.14.4 Cross regulators
Cross regulators are provided at regular interval in order to ensure effective water
regulation and safety of major structures. Regulators are provided whenever the
discharge of the distributary /branch canal is about 10% or more than the main canal
discharge. Head loss of 0.15 m is provided at each regulator.
6.14.5 Escapes
Escapes are proposed especially to take care of the vulnerable embankment
reaches to divert the canal flows into nearby streams in case of breach in
embankment. The escapes are designed for 50% discharge of the parent canal in
order to minimise the cost.
