MBA Statistics Exam Paper 2081
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pa.jt.ili.viuMBA Statistics Exam Paper 2081
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Powered by AIAn independent sample t-test can be used to assess whether there is a significant difference in the average training hours between Department A and Department B. By comparing the mean training hours and associated variance in both departments, the t-test determines if the means are statistically significantly different from each other. This involves calculating the t-statistic and comparing it against a critical value from the t-distribution .
Quota sampling involves segmenting a population into mutually exclusive sub-groups and then using judgment to select subjects from each sub-group, ensuring each quota is filled. Snowball sampling starts with a small group of participants who then recruit others through their network, useful for hard-to-reach populations. These techniques are chosen based on the research objective and feasibility of reaching participants .
The Poisson distribution models the probability of a given number of events happening in a fixed interval, when events occur independently and at a constant rate. For exactly 5 inquiries, given an average rate of 8 per hour, the probability is calculated using the formula: P(X=k) = (λ^k * e^−λ) / k!, where λ is the average rate (8 in this case), k is the number of occurrences (5), resulting in P(X=5).
A chi-square test of independence can be used to determine the association between different marketing strategies (Discount-Based Promotions, Loyalty Programs, Social Media Engagement) and customer loyalty (loyal vs. not loyal customers). By analyzing the contingency table data, the test assesses whether the observed distribution of customer loyalty across marketing strategies significantly deviates from what would be expected if there were no association, at the 0.05 significance level .
The probability is calculated by first determining the probability of drawing a red ball and then a blue ball, without replacement. Initially, the probability of drawing a red ball is 5/10. Once a red ball is drawn, only 9 balls remain, including 3 blue balls. Thus, the probability of drawing a blue ball next is 3/9. The combined probability is (5/10) * (3/9) = 15/90 = 1/6. The lack of replacement changes the total number of balls for the second draw .
The probability can be determined using Bayes' theorem. For Machine A, with an output proportion of 50% and a defect rate of 2%, the probability that a defective product was produced by Machine A is calculated as: P(A|Defect) = (P(Defect|A) * P(A)) / P(Defect) Similarly, calculate for Machines B and C with their respective defect rates and output proportions. This accounts for how likely each machine is to have produced the defective product, considering their different contributions to the total defect rate .
A 99% confidence interval provides a range within which the true mean expenditure is likely to fall 99% of the time. Using the sample mean ($600), standard deviation ($80), and the sample size (40), the confidence interval is calculated using the formula for the interval: mean ± (z*(σ/√n)), where z is the z-value corresponding to 99% (typically 2.576). This results in a more conservative estimate of the population mean .
A one-sample t-test can be conducted to compare the sample mean productivity score post-tool implementation against the historical average. With a sample mean of 85, a historical mean of 82, and a standard deviation of 4.5, the t-test assesses if the observed increase in productivity is statistically significant. The null hypothesis posits no effect, and if the calculated t-statistic exceeds the critical value, the null is rejected, indicating the tool's significant impact .
The effectiveness of segmentation strategies can be evaluated by comparing the average sales per customer for each segment. An e-commerce company in Nepal collected such data and would perform an ANOVA test to determine if there are significant differences in average sales among the demographic, behavioral, and psychographic segmentation groups. This statistical test helps identify which segmentation strategy is most effective in driving higher sales .
Employee training and R&D investment are critical factors in driving innovation at TechNepal. To quantitatively assess their impact, TechNepal collected 10 years of data on annual employee training hours, R&D investments, and the number of innovative products developed each year. Using regression analysis, a least-squares model can be fitted to predict the number of innovative products based on these variables. The percentage of total variation in innovative products explained by the model indicates the strength of the relationship, while the standard error of the model provides insight into prediction accuracy. This analysis helps inform optimal resource allocation to enhance product innovation .
