5/27/25, 2:32 AM IB Mathematics AA SL Questionbank - Bivariate Statistics
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IB Mathematics AA SL - Questionbank
Bivariate Statistics
Equation of Regression Line y=ax+b, Correlation Coefficient ‘r’, Strength, Applications…
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Question 1
Easy
[Maximum mark: 5]
The maximum temperature T , in degrees Celsius, on six randomly selected days is shown in the following
table. The table also shows the number of soda cans purchased, N , from a vending machine on those six days.
(a) The relationship between the variables can be modelled by the regression equation N = aT + b.
(i) Find the value of a and the value of b.
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5/27/25, 2:32 AM IB Mathematics AA SL Questionbank - Bivariate Statistics
(ii) Estimate the number of soda cans purchased on a day when
the maximum temperature is 23 °C. [4]
(b) Find the value of r, the correlation coefficient. [1]
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Question 2
Easy
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following table shows the amount of fuel (y litres) used by a car to travel certain distances (x km).
(a) Find the correlation coefficient. [2]
The data can be modelled by the regression line with equation y = ax + b.
(b) Write down the value of a and the value of b. [2]
(c) Use the model to estimate the amount of fuel the car would use if it has driven 55 km. [2]
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Question 3
Easy
[Maximum mark: 6]
A coffee shop owner believes that the number of coffees they sell on a given day is related to the average
temperature of that day. The average temperature T , in degrees Celsius, on seven randomly selected days is
shown in the following table. The table also shows the number of coffees, N , the coffee shop sells on those seven
days.
(a) The relationship between the variables can be modelled by the regression equation N = aT + b.
(i) Find the value of a and the value of b.
(ii) To the nearest integer, estimate the number of coffees sold on a day when the average temperature
is 16 °C. [4]
(b) Find the value of r, the correlation coefficient. [2]
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Question 4
Easy
[Maximum mark: 7]
The following table shows the average weights (y kg) for given heights (x cm) in a population of high school
males.
(a) The relationship between the variables can be modelled by the regression equation y = ax + b.
(i) Write down the value of a and the value of b.
(ii) Hence estimate the weight of a male whose height is 167 cm. [4]
(b) (i) Write down the correlation coefficient.
(ii) State which two of the following describe the correlation between the variables.
negative zero no correlation
strong weak positive
[3]
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5/27/25, 2:32 AM IB Mathematics AA SL Questionbank - Bivariate Statistics
Question 5
Easy
[Maximum mark: 6]
Extended power failure occurred in John's neighbourhood last winter. He measured the temperature of his
house as air inside cooled.
The following table shows air temperature T , in degrees Celsius, t hours after power failed.
(a) (i) Write down the independent variable.
(ii) Write down the warmest air temperature of the house. [2]
John believes that the relationship between T and t can be modelled by a linear regression equation.
(b) John describes the correlation as very strong. Circle the value below which best represents the
correlation coefficient. [2]
(c) John's model is T = −1.06t + 22.0, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 20. Use this model to predict the decrease in temperature
for any 2 hour interval. [2]
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Question 6
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5/27/25, 2:32 AM IB Mathematics AA SL Questionbank - Bivariate Statistics
Easy
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following table shows the number of skateboards y that are sold x days after the shop opened.
This data can be modelled by the regression line with equation y = ax + b.
(a) (i) Write down the value of a and the value of b.
(ii) Explain what the gradient a represents. [4]
(b) Use the model to estimate the number of skateboards sold in 5 days after the shop opened. Round your
answer to the nearest integer. [2]
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Question 7
Easy
[Maximum mark: 6]
In Andy's athletics club, 8 runners are training for the 100 metre sprint.
Andy decided to analyse the training data of the runners to see if he could improve his own performance.
He decided to record the number of hours per day each athlete trained and their personal best time for the 100
metres.
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The following data shows a summary of his findings.
(a) (i) Find Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient r, for this data.
(ii) Comment on the correlation of the two variables. [2]
Andy wants to use the data to make a prediction about his own training.
He finds the regression equation for t on h.
The gradient of this line is m.
(b) Find m. [1]
(c) Andy uses this value of m to predict how much he can reduce his personal best by.
(i) He trains an extra 30 minutes per day. Using the value of m, predict how much time he can reduce
his personal best by.
(ii) Briefly describe one factor that could cause an error with his prediction? [3]
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Question 8
Easy
[Maximum mark: 6]
On the 1st of January 2024 Fabian bought a new car for $23,000. He knows from research that the car will
depreciate at a rate of 8% for every complete year.
(a) Find the value (Vf ) of Fabian's car on the 1st of January 2030.
[3]
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Fabian's colleague Sven also bought a new car on 1st of January 2024. Sven knows from research what the
value (in $) of his new car will be on the 1st of January for the following years.
(b) Assuming the value of Sven's car can be approximately modelled by the equation Vs = ax + b, find out
the difference in value of Fabian and Sven's cars on 1st of January 2030, according to the model. [3]
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Question 9
Medium
[Maximum mark: 7]
A real estate company keeps a register of the monthly cost of rent, R, of their apartments and their
corresponding area, A, in m2 .
The areas of the apartments registered are summarised in the following box and whisker diagram.
(a) Find the smallest area A that would not be considered an outlier. [3]
5
The regression line A on R is A = R − 50.
12
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5
Meanwhile, the regression line R on A is R = A + 100.
2
(b) One of the apartments has a monthly rent of $480. Estimate the area of the rental. [2]
(c) Find the mean rental cost of all the real estate company's apartments. [2]
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Question 10
Medium
[Maximum mark: 12]
The following table shows the total revenue, y , in Australian dollars (AUD), obtained daily during the first
week of January 2020, by Peppy's Pizza restaurant and the number of guests, x, served.
(a) (i) Calculate the Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, r, for this data.
(ii) Comment on the result. [3]
(b) Write down the equation of the regression line y on x. [1]
(c) Use the line of the regression to estimate the revenue of serving 70 guests. Give your answer correct to
the nearest AUD. [2]
The daily maintenance cost for the restaurant is 300 AUD. Additionally, the cost of serving one guest is 5
AUD.
(d) Determine if the restaurant expects to make a profit when serving 50 guests on a particular day. [2]
(e) (i) Find an expression for the profit of the restaurant when serving x guests on a particular day.
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(ii) Find the least number of guests required to be served to result in a profit for the day. [4]
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Question 11
Medium
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following table below shows the points scored by eight basketball players in two games.
Let L1 be the regression line of x on y . The equation of the line L1 can be written in the form x = ay + b.
(a) Find the value of a and the value of b. [2]
Let L2 be the regression line of y on x. The lines L1 and L2 both pass through the same point with coordinates
(p, q).
(b) Find the value of p and the value of q . [2]
(c) Andrew's injury didn't allow him to play in the first game but he played and scored 10 points in the
second game. Use an appropriate regression equation to estimate the number of points that Andrew
would have scored in the first game. Round your answer to the nearest point. [2]
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Question 12
Medium
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following table below shows the marks scored by six job candidates on two aptitude tests.
Let L1 be the regression line of x on y . The equation of the line L1 can be written in the form x = ay + b.
(a) Find the value of a and the value of b. [2]
Let L2 be the regression line of y on x. The lines L1 and L2 both pass through the same point with coordinates
(p, q).
(b) Find the value of p and the value of q . [2]
(c) Chelsea missed the first aptitude test but scored 101 marks on the second aptitude test. Use an
appropriate regression equation to estimate Chelsea's mark on the first aptitude test. [2]
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Question 13
Medium
[Maximum mark: 13]
Each day, a factory records the number (x) of memory foam pillows it produces and the total production cost
(y) dollars. The results for ten days are shown in the following table.
(a) Write down the equation of the regression line in the form y = ax + b [2]
Use your regression line as a model to answer the following.
(b) Interpret the meaning of:
(i) the gradient;
(ii) the y -intercept. [2]
(c) Estimate the cost of producing 100 pillows. [2]
The factory sells the pillows for $ 29.99 each.
(d) Find the least number of pillows that the factory should produce in one day in order to make a profit. [3]
(e) Comment on the appropriateness of using your model to estimate:
(i) the cost of producing 1000 pillows;
(ii) the number of pillows produced when the total production cost is $1940. [4]
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Question 14
Hard
[Maximum mark: 12]
The following table shows values of ln x and ln y .
The relationship between ln x and ln y can be modelled by the regression equation ln y = a ln x + b.
(a) Find the value of a and the value of b. [3]
(b) Use the regression equation to estimate the value of y when x = 4.12. [3]
The relationship between x and y can be modelled using the formula y = pxq , where p =
0 and q =
0, q =
1.
(c) Expressing ln y in terms of ln x, find the value of p and the value of q . [6]
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Question 15
Hard
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[Maximum mark: 15]
A study records the number of chickens and ducks on a farm after t years, starting on 1 January, 1997.
Let c be the number of chickens on the farm after t years. The following table shows the number of chickens
after t years.
The relationship between the variables can be modelled by the regression equation c = at + b, where a and b
are constants.
(a) Find the value of a and the value of b. [3]
(b) Use the regression equation to estimate the number of chickens on the farm when t = 6. [2]
Let d be the number of ducks on the farm after t years. The number of ducks can be modelled by the equation
d = 400e−kt , where k is a constant.
(c) Find the number of ducks on the farm on 1 January, 1997. [3]
(d) After six years, there are 377 ducks on the farm. Find the value of k . [3]
(e) Find the year during which the number of chickens and ducks were the same. [4]
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