Set-1: C Program to display PID and PPID
CopyEdit
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() {
printf("Current Process ID (PID): %d\n", getpid());
printf("Parent Process ID (PPID): %d\n", getppid());
return 0;
Compile with gcc filename.c -o outputname and run with ./outputname
Set-2: Shell Script to Find Factorial
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter a number: " num
fact=1
for (( i=1; i<=num; i++ ))
do
fact=$((fact * i))
done
echo "Factorial of $num is $fact"
Set-3: Shell Script to Find Sum and Count of Digits
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter a number: " num
temp=$num
sum=0
count=0
while [ $temp -gt 0 ]
do
digit=$((temp % 10))
sum=$((sum + digit))
temp=$((temp / 10))
count=$((count + 1))
done
echo "Sum of digits of $num is $sum"
echo "Count of digits in $num is $count"
Set-4: Shell Script to Find Reverse of a Number
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter a number: " num
rev=0
temp=$num
while [ $temp -gt 0 ]
do
digit=$((temp % 10))
rev=$((rev * 10 + digit))
temp=$((temp / 10))
done
echo "Reverse of $num is $rev"
Set-5: Shell Script to Check Prime Number
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter a number: " num
if [ $num -le 1 ]; then
echo "$num is not a prime number"
exit
fi
is_prime=1
for (( i=2; i<=num/2; i++ ))
do
if [ $((num % i)) -eq 0 ]; then
is_prime=0
break
fi
done
if [ $is_prime -eq 1 ]; then
echo "$num is a prime number"
else
echo "$num is not a prime number"
fi
Set-6: Shell Script to Check Palindrome
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter a number: " num
original=$num
rev=0
while [ $num -gt 0 ]
do
digit=$((num % 10))
rev=$((rev * 10 + digit))
num=$((num / 10))
done
if [ $original -eq $rev ]; then
echo "$original is a palindrome number"
else
echo "$original is not a palindrome number"
fi
Set-7: Shell Script to Check Armstrong Number
(For 3-digit number)
bash
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#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter a number: " num
original=$num
sum=0
while [ $num -gt 0 ]
do
digit=$((num % 10))
cube=$((digit * digit * digit))
sum=$((sum + cube))
num=$((num / 10))
done
if [ $original -eq $sum ]; then
echo "$original is an Armstrong number"
else
echo "$original is not an Armstrong number"
fi
Set-8: C Program to Create Zombie Process
CopyEdit
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() {
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid > 0) {
printf("Parent process. PID: %d\n", getpid());
sleep(10); // Sleep so child becomes zombie
} else if (pid == 0) {
printf("Child process. PID: %d\n", getpid());
exit(0); // Child exits immediately
} else {
perror("fork failed");
return 0;
Compile with gcc zombie.c -o zombie and run with ./zombie
Use ps -l or ps aux | grep zombie to see zombie in action (look for Z+)
Set-9: Shell Script for Basic Arithmetic Operations
bash
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#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter first number: " a
read -p "Enter second number: " b
add=$((a + b))
sub=$((a - b))
mul=$((a * b))
# Check division by zero
if [ $b -ne 0 ]; then
div=$((a / b))
rem=$((a % b))
else
div="Undefined (division by zero)"
rem="Undefined"
fi
echo "Addition: $add"
echo "Subtraction: $sub"
echo "Multiplication: $mul"
echo "Division: $div"
echo "Remainder: $rem"
Set-10: Shell Script to Check Valid User
bash
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#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter username to check: " uname
if id "$uname" &>/dev/null; then
echo "User '$uname' exists on the system."
else
echo "User '$uname' does NOT exist."
fi
Set-11: Shell Script to Generate Prime Numbers from 1 to 100
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
echo "Prime numbers from 1 to 100 are:"
for (( num=2; num<=100; num++ ))
do
is_prime=1
for (( i=2; i<=num/2; i++ ))
do
if [ $((num % i)) -eq 0 ]; then
is_prime=0
break
fi
done
if [ $is_prime -eq 1 ]; then
echo -n "$num "
fi
done
echo
Set-12: Menu-Driven Calculator Script
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
echo "Menu Driven Calculator"
echo "1. Addition"
echo "2. Subtraction"
echo "3. Multiplication"
echo "4. Division"
read -p "Enter first number: " a
read -p "Enter second number: " b
read -p "Choose operation [1-4]: " choice
case $choice in
1) echo "Result: $((a + b))";;
2) echo "Result: $((a - b))";;
3) echo "Result: $((a * b))";;
4)
if [ $b -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Result: $((a / b))"
else
echo "Error: Division by zero"
fi
;;
*) echo "Invalid choice";;
esac
Set-13: Shell Script to Find Maximum of Two Numbers
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter first number: " a
read -p "Enter second number: " b
if [ $a -gt $b ]; then
echo "Maximum is: $a"
else
echo "Maximum is: $b"
fi
Set-14: Shell Script to Find Maximum of Three Numbers
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter first number: " a
read -p "Enter second number: " b
read -p "Enter third number: " c
if [ $a -ge $b ] && [ $a -ge $c ]; then
echo "Maximum is: $a"
elif [ $b -ge $a ] && [ $b -ge $c ]; then
echo "Maximum is: $b"
else
echo "Maximum is: $c"
fi
Set-15: Shell Script to Input n Numbers in an Array and Display Them
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter number of elements: " n
declare -a arr
echo "Enter $n numbers:"
for (( i=0; i<n; i++ ))
do
read -p "Element $((i+1)): " arr[i]
done
echo "Array elements are:"
for (( i=0; i<n; i++ ))
do
echo "${arr[i]}"
done
Set-16: Shell Script to Find Maximum Value in Array
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter number of elements: " n
declare -a arr
echo "Enter $n numbers:"
for (( i=0; i<n; i++ ))
do
read -p "Element $((i+1)): " arr[i]
done
max=${arr[0]}
for (( i=1; i<n; i++ ))
do
if [ ${arr[i]} -gt $max ]; then
max=${arr[i]}
fi
done
echo "Maximum value is: $max"
Set-17: Shell Script to Find Sum and Average of 3 Numbers
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter first number: " a
read -p "Enter second number: " b
read -p "Enter third number: " c
sum=$((a + b + c))
avg=$(echo "scale=2; $sum / 3" | bc)
echo "Sum = $sum"
echo "Average = $avg"
Set-18: Shell Script for Grading (MAKAUT Rule Example)
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter marks for Subject 1: " m1
read -p "Enter marks for Subject 2: " m2
read -p "Enter marks for Subject 3: " m3
total=$((m1 + m2 + m3))
avg=$((total / 3))
echo "Average Marks: $avg"
if [ $avg -ge 90 ]; then
grade="O (Outstanding)"
elif [ $avg -ge 80 ]; then
grade="E (Excellent)"
elif [ $avg -ge 70 ]; then
grade="A (Very Good)"
elif [ $avg -ge 60 ]; then
grade="B (Good)"
elif [ $avg -ge 50 ]; then
grade="C (Fair)"
elif [ $avg -ge 40 ]; then
grade="D (Pass)"
else
grade="F (Fail)"
fi
echo "Grade: $grade"
Set-19: C Program to Implement Zombie Process
(This is a repeat from Set-8, but re-adding here for completeness.)
CopyEdit
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() {
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid > 0) {
printf("Parent Process. PID: %d\n", getpid());
sleep(10); // Parent sleeps, child becomes zombie
} else if (pid == 0) {
printf("Child Process. PID: %d\n", getpid());
exit(0); // Exiting immediately
} else {
perror("Fork failed");
return 0;
Compile using gcc zombie.c -o zombie
Run with ./zombie, then check with ps aux | grep zombie
Set-20: Shell Script to Sort n Elements (Ascending)
bash
CopyEdit
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter number of elements: " n
declare -a arr
echo "Enter $n numbers:"
for (( i=0; i<n; i++ ))
do
read -p "Element $((i+1)): " arr[i]
done
# Bubble sort
for (( i=0; i<n; i++ ))
do
for (( j=0; j<n-i-1; j++ ))
do
if [ ${arr[j]} -gt ${arr[j+1]} ]; then
temp=${arr[j]}
arr[j]=${arr[j+1]}
arr[j+1]=$temp
fi
done
done
echo "Sorted array (ascending):"
for val in "${arr[@]}"
do
echo "$val"
done
