Institute Code: 0141

MICRO PROJECT ON
“SEGMENTS OF ENVIRONMENT”
Course: Environmental Studies
Corse Code: 22447
Academic Year: 2024-2025
Semester: Fifth (CO5I)

Submitted by:
Roll No. Name of Students Sign

2506 Divya S. Mundlik

2507 Aviraj A. Murkute

2514 Pratik R. Nikam

Name of Micro project Guide: Mrs [Link]

All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society’s Polytechnic
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

VISION AND MISSION OF THE INSTITUTE

 VISION:
Achieve excellence in quality technical education by imparting knowledge, skills and
abilities to build a better technocrat.

 MISSION:
M1: Empower the students by inculcating various technical and soft skills.

M2: Upgrade teaching-learning process and industry-institute interaction

VISION AND MISSION OF THE COMPUTER DEPARTMENT

 VISION:

“Enhance skills by providing value based technical education for fulfilling global needs in
the field of computer engineering.”

 MISSION:

M1: To provide quality education in computer engineering by improving psychomotor

skills.

M2: To develop positive attitude, communication skills, team spirit and entrepreneurship.

M3: To develop awareness about societal and ethical responsibility for professionalism.
 All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society’s Polytechnic
COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

PO1 Basic and Discipline specific knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics,
science and engineering fundamentals and engineering specialization to solve the
engineering problems.

PO2 Problem analysis: Identify and analyze well-defined engineering problems using
codified standard methods.

PO3 Design/ development of solutions: Design solutions for well-defined technical

problems and assist with the design of systems components or processes to meet
specified needs.

PO4 Engineering Tools, Experimentation and Testing: Apply modern engineering tools
and appropriate technique to conduct standard tests and measurements.

PO5 Engineering practices for society, sustainability and environment: Apply

appropriate technology in context of society, sustainability, environment and ethical
practices.

PO6 Project Management: Use engineering management principles individually, as a team

member or a leader to manage projects and effectively communicate about well-
defined engineering activities.

PO7 Life-long learning: Ability to analyze individual needs and engage in updating in the
context of technological changes.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO)

The Diploma in Computer Engineering will prepare students to attain:

PSO 1: Use state-of-the-art technologies for operation and application of computer software and
hardware.
PSO 2: Maintain computer engineering related software and hardware systems.
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that micro project entitled ‘SEGMENTS OF

ENVIRONMENT’ is the bonafide work of Ms./Mr. Roll nos.
2506,2507,2514 of Second year diploma in Computer Engineering for
the course: Environmental Studies Course code: 22447 during academic
year 2024-2025 who carried out the micro project under my supervision.

Mrs. [Link]

Name & signature subject teacher

COs addressed by the Micro Project:
C22412.a: Develop programs using Object Oriented methodology in java.
C22412.b: Apply concept of inheritance for code reusability
C22412.c: Develop programs using multithreading
C22412.d: : Implement exception handling
C22412.e: Develop programs using graphics and applets.
C22412. f. Develop programs for handling I/O and file streams

Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the micro project:

(a) Practical Outcomes:
 Use Assembly Language Programming Tools and functions.
(b) Unit Outcomes in Cognitive domain
 Write program to create classes and objects for given program.
 Develop the programs using relevant control structure to solve the given problem.
 Identify and write programs to perform file operations
(c) Outcomes in Affective Domain
● Follow safety practices.
● Practice good housekeeping.
● Demonstrate working as a leader/a team member.
● Follow ethical practices.
 Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year: 2024-2025 Name of Faculty: Mrs. [Link]
Course: Environmental Studies
Course Code: 22447 Semester: 5-I-Scheme
Title of the Project: SEGMENTS OF ENVIRONMENT

COs addressed by the Micro Project:

CO-a) Develop Public awareness about environment.
CO-b)Select alternative energy resources for Engineering Practice.
CO-c)Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.
CO-d)Apply techniques to reduce Enviornmental Pollution.
CO-e)Manage social issues and Envioronmental Ethics as lifelong learning.

Comments/Suggestions about teamwork/leadership/interpersonal communication (if any):

More technical applications may be developed.

Roll No Student Name Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4 Total

for performance in for performance in oral / out of 10
group activity (D5: Col. presentation (D5: Col. 4)
6)
2506 Divya S. Mundlik

2507 Aviraj A. Murkute

2514 Pratik R. Nikam

Mrs. [Link]
(Name & Signature of faculty)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and
assistance from many people and I am extremely privileged to have got this all along
the completion of my project. All that I have done is only due to such supervision
and assistance and I would not forget to thank them.

I respect and thank Mrs. B. Gore for providing me an opportunity to do the project
work on the topic “SEGMENTS OF ENVIRONMENT” and giving us all support
and guidance which made me complete the project duly. I am extremely thankful to
all of my group members for providing such a nice support and guidance. I owe my
deep gratitude to my friends and colleagues, who took keen interest on our project
work and guided us all along, till the completion of our project work by providing
all the necessary information for developing a good system.

I would not forget to remember my parents for their encouragement and more over
for their timely support and guidance till the completion of our project work.

I am thankful to and fortunate enough to get constant encouragement, support and

guidance from all Teaching staffs of [TY CO] which helped us in successfully
completing our project work. Also, I would like to extend our sincere esteems to all
staff in laboratory for their timely support.

.
 INDEX

Sr. No. Content Page No.

1 Micro Project Proposal 8

2 Rationale 11

3 Aims/Benefits of the Micro Project 11

4 Course Outcome achieved 11

5 Literature Review 11

6 Actual Methodology Followed 12

7 Actual Resources Used 12

8 Output of the Micro Projects 17,18

9 Skill Developed / Learning outcome of the Micro Project 18

10 Applications of the Micro Project 19

11 Logbook 23
 ANNEXURE I

Micro Project Proposal

‘VARIOUS RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE’

1. Aims/Benefit of the Micro Project (Minimum 30-50 Words):

• Enhanced Learning: Microprojects provide an opportunity for participants to gain in-

depth knowledge on a specific topic or skill.

• Time-Efficient: Microprojects are typically shorter in duration compared to larger

projects or courses

. • Practical Application: Microprojects often incorporate hands-on tasks and real world
applications, allowing participants to immediately practice what they've learned.

2. Course Outcomes Addressed:

CO--a) Develop Public awareness about environment.

CO-b)Select alternative energy resources for Engineering Practice.
CO-c)Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.
CO-d)Apply techniques to reduce Enviornmental Pollution.
CO-e)Manage social issues and Envioronmental Ethics as lifelong learning.

3. Proposed Methodology (Procedure that will be followed to do the micro project):

• Defining objectives and content for each energy source.

• Creating engaging content and interactive learning materials.
• Incorporating real-world examples and case studies.
• Using an online platform for participant engagement.
• Collecting feedback and making improvements for an effective learning experience.
4. Action Plan:
Planned Planned Name of
Sr.
Details of Activity Start Finish Responsible Team
No.
Date Date Members
1 Formation of groups 15/07/2024 22/07/2024 All Members

Selected the topic for micro 22/07/2024 29/07/2024

2 All Members
project

3 Discussed about the project 29/07/2024 05/08/2024 All Members

Assigned the work to each 05/07/2024 12/08/2024

4 All Members
group member
Detailed study of microproject 12/08/2024 19/08/2024
5 All Members

Collected information on 19/08/2024 02/09/2024

6 All Members
assignment topic

Started working on 02/09/2024 09/09/2024

7 All Members
microproject

8 Assembled all the data 09/09/2024 23/09/2024 All Members

9 Evaluation of data 23/09/2024 30/09/2024 All Members

Prepared rough copy of 30/09/2024 01/10/2024

10 All Members
microproject

Project proposal presentation to 01/10/2024 07/10/2024

11 All Members
guide

Corrected the micro-project 07/10/2024 14/10/2024

12 All Members
suggested by guide

Actual implementation of 14/10/2024 21/10/2024

13 All Members
micro-project

Execution of overall data / 21/10/2024 24/10/2024

14 All Members
prepared final draft copy
Final micro-project 24/10/2024 24/10/2024
15 All Members
presentation
16 Micro-project submitted 25/10/2024 25/10/2024 All Members
 5. Resource Required:

Sr. Name of Specifications Quantity Remarks

No. Resource/material

1 Computer i5,RAM 8GB 1

(Desktop/Laptop)

2 Microsoft office word 2010 1

3 Books
4 Websites
5 Softwares 1

Name of Team Members with Roll Nos:

Sr. No. Name of the Student Roll No. Marks Marks Total
Out of 6 Out of 4 Marks

1. Divya S. Mundlik 2506

2. Aviraj A. Murkute 2507

3. Pratik R. Nikam 2514

Mrs. [Link]

(Name & Signature of faculty)

 ANNEXURE - II

Micro Project Report

‘VARIOUS RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE’

1. Rationale/Abstract:

The environment consists of various segments such as atmosphere, hydrosphere,

lithosphere and biosphere. The following points highlight the vital role played by
atmosphere in the survival of life in this planet. The atmosphere is the protective blanket
of gases which is surrounding the earth.

2. Aims/Benefits of the Micro Project:

The main aim of the micro project is to study segments of environment

The term environment refers to ones surroundings. The physical and biological factors
along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism or a group of organisms.
The environment is the biotic and abiotic surrounding of an organism or population, and
consequently includes the factors that have an influence in their survival, development
and evolution. The environment can vary in scale from microscopic to global in extent.
Examples include the marine environment, the atmospheric environment and the
terrestrial environment. The sum total of all surroundings of a living organism, including
natural forces and other living things, which provide conditions for development and
growth as well as of danger and damage.
We will study the segments like atmosphere, hydrosphere, etc.

3. Course Outcomes Achieved:

CO--a) Develop Public awareness about environment.
CO-b)Select alternative energy resources for Engineering Practice.
CO-c)Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.
CO-d)Apply techniques to reduce Enviornmental Pollution.
CO-e)Manage social issues and Envioronmental Ethics as lifelong learning.

4. Actual Methodology Followed:

• Defining objectives and content for each sphere.

• Creating engaging content and interactive learning materials.
• Incorporating real-world examples and case studies.
• Using an online platform for participant engagement.
• Collecting feedback and making improvements for an effective learning experience.

5. Actual Resource Used:

 Sr Name of
. Resource/mate Quanti Remar
Specifications
N rial ty ks
o
1 Computer i5,RAM 8GB
(Desktop/Lapt 1 -
op)
2 Microsoft 2010
1 -
office word
3 Books  Objective Environmental Sciences
 ELEMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL -
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

4 Websites  [Link]
iles/course-material/2020-10/UNIT-I_15.pdf
 [Link]
environment-and-its-segments/42589937 -
 [Link]
environment-components-importance-types/

5 Softwares -

6. Outputs of the Micro project (Presentation of data, findings, drawing etc.):

ENVIRONMENTAL SEGMENTS
The environment consists of various segments such as atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and
biosphere.

Atmosphere
The following points highlight the vital role played by atmosphere in the survival of life in this
planet.
• The atmosphere is the protective blanket of gases which is surrounding the earth. It protects
the earth from the hostile environment of outer space.
• It absorbs IR radiations emitted by the sun and reemitted from the earth and thus controls
the temperature of the earth.
• It allows transmission of significant amounts of radiation only in the regions of 300 – 2500
nm (near UV, Visible, and near IR) and 0.01 – 40 meters (radio waves). i.e it filters tissue damaging
UV radiation below 300 nm.
• It acts as a source for CO2 for plant photosynthesis and O2 for respiration

• It acts as a source for nitrogen for nitrogen fixing bacteria and ammonia producing plants.

• The atmosphere transports water from ocean to land.

Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere is a collective term given to all different forms of water.

It includes all types of water resources such as oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, streams, reservoirs,
glaciers and ground waters.

A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. The hydrosphere includes water that is
on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air. A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid,
vapor,or ice.

On Earth, liquid water exists on the surface in the form of oceans, lakes and rivers. It also exists
below ground—as groundwater, in wells and aquifers. Water vapor is most visible as clouds and
fog.

The frozen part of Earth's hydrosphere is made of ice: glaciers, ice caps and icebergs. The frozen
part of the hydrosphere has its own name, the cryosphere.

Water moves through the hydrosphere in a cycle. Water collects in clouds, then falls to Earth in
the form of rain or snow. This water collects in rivers, lakes and oceans. Then it evaporates into
the atmosphere to start the cycle all over again. This is called the water cycle.
Lithosphere

The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth.

The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost
layers of Earth’s structure. It is bounded by the atmosphere above and the asthenosphere
(another part of the upper mantle) below.

The lithosphere is the most rigid of Earth’s layers. Although the rocks of the lithosphere are still
considered elastic, they are not viscous. The asthenosphere is viscous, and the
lithosphereasthenosphere boundary (LAB) is the point where geologists and rheologists—
scientists who study the flow of matter—mark the difference in ductility between the two layers
of the upper mantle. Ductility measures a solid material’s ability to deform or stretch under
stress. The lithosphere is far less ductile than the asthenosphere. The elasticity and ductility of
the lithosphere depends on temperature, stress, and the curvature of the Earth itself.

The lithosphere is also the coolest of Earth’s layers. In fact, some definitions of the lithosphere
stress its ability to conduct heat associated with the convection taking place in the plastic mantle
below the lithosphere.
Biosphere
• The biosphere refers to the realm of living organisms and their interactions with the environment
(VIZ: atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere)
• The biosphere is very large and complex and is divided into smaller units called ecosystems.

• Plants, animals and microorganisms which live in a definite zone along with physical factors
such as soil, water and air constitute an ecosystem.
• Within each ecosystems there are dynamic inter relationships between living forms and their
physical environment
• These inter relationships manifest as natural cycles.(hydrologic cycle, oxygen cycle, nitrogen
cycle, phosphorous cycle and sulphur cycle),
• The natural cycles operate in a balanced manner providing a continuous circulation of essential
constituents necessary for life and this stabilizes and sustains the life processes on earth.

Hydrologic cycle
The hydrologic cycle involves a continuous exchange of water between sea, atmosphere, land
and living animals through massive evaporation of water from the ocean, cloud formation
and precipitation
The land surface and water surfaces on earth lose water by evaporation by solar energy.
evaporation of water from ocean exceeds precipitation by rain into seas by 10% . This 10%
excess which precipitates on land balances the hydrological cycle. Some of the precipitated
rain seeps into the soil as ground water. Ground water moves up by capillary action and there
by maintains a continuous supply of water to the surface layer of soil. The water from the
surface layer of the soil is absorbed by plants, which in turn is returned to atmosphere through
transpiration. Surface water or runoff flows into streams, rivers, lakes and catchment areas or
reservoirs
Oxygen Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen cycle refers to the incorporation of N2 from the atmosphere into living matter and chemically
bound nitrogen in soil, water and then back into the atmosphere again.
Nitrogen Fixation

In this step the atmospheric nitrogen is chemically bound to form ammonia by bacteria and algae. Biological
nitrogen fixation is mediated by organisms like Rhizobium that live a symbiotic relation with nodules on the
roots of particular species of plants. These organisms are capable of catalysing the conversion of
atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants.

Nitrification

It is the conversion of N(-III ) to N(V) catalysed by Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter. Nitrification is important
in nature, since nitrogen is absorbed by plants primarily as nitrate. Even when nitrogen is applied in the form
of ammonium salts as fertilisers, the ammonia is microbially oxidized to nitrate so that it can be assimilated
by plants.

1
There are involves several steps. A number of heterotrophic bacteria including species of
Pseudomonas and several types of denitrification reactions. One of these is the reduction of nitrate to
form nitrogen gas. The process Anchromobacter mediate these processes. In this process N2 gas is
produced from chemically fixed n

Sulphur Cycle
Sulphur is one of the components that make up proteins and vitamins. Proteins consist of amino acids that
contain sulphur atoms. Sulphur is important for the functioning of proteins and enzymes in plants, and in
animals that depend upon plants for sulphur. Plants absorb sulphur when it is dissolved in water. Animals
consume these plants, so that they take up enough sulphur tomaintaintheirhealth.

Most of the earth's sulphur is tied up in rocks and salts or buried deep in the ocean in oceanic sediments.
Sulphur can also be found in the atmosphere. It enters the atmosphere through both natural and human
sources. Natural recourses can be for instance volcanic eruptions, bacterial processes, evaporation from
water, or decaying organisms. When sulphur enters the atmosphere through human activity, this is mainly a
consequence of industrial processes where sulphur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gases are
emitted on a wide scale. When sulphur dioxide enters the atmosphere it will react with oxygen to produce
sulphur trioxide gas (SO3), or with other chemicals in the atmosphere, to produce sulphur salts. Sulphur
dioxide may also react with water to produce sulphuric acid (H2SO4). Sulphuric acid may also be produced
from demethylsulphide, which is emitted to the atmosphere by plankton species. All these particles will
settle back onto earth, or react with rain and fall back onto earth as acid deposition. The particles will then
be absorbed by plants again and are released back into the atmosphere, so that the sulphur cycle will start
over again.

2
Phosphorous Cycle

The phosphorus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus
through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants and
animals. Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient for aquatic organisms. Phosphorus forms parts of important life-
sustaining molecules that are very common in the biosphere. Phosphorus does not enter the atmosphere,
remaining mostly on land and in rock and soil minerals. Eighty percent of the mined phosphorus is used to
make fertilizers. Phosphates from fertilizers, sewage and detergents can cause pollution in lakes and streams.
Over enrichment of phosphate in both fresh and inshore marine waters can lead to massive algae blooms
which, when they die and decay, leads to eutrophication of fresh waters only.

7. Skill developed / Learning outcome of the Micro-Project:

• Clear observation.
• Report creation on environment.

8. Applications of the Micro-Project:

It doesn’t have any Applications.

[Link]
(Name & Signature of faculty)

3
 Log Book of Students
Academic Year: 2024-2025

Name of Student: Divya S. Mundlik, Aviraj A. Murkute, Pratik R. Nikam

Title of the Project: SEGMENTS OF ENVIRONMENT
Course: Environmental Studies Course Code: 22447 Semester: 5-I

Sr. Date Time Work Done

No.

1. 22/07/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Group discussion on topic

2. 29/07/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Assign task to group

3. 05/08/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Giving particular information

4. 12/08/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Get some Course Outcomes and Practical Outcomes

5. 19/08/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Taking review about collected data

6. 02/09/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Verify material in sequence

7. 09/09/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Discussion on suggestions

8. 23/09/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Arrange data in sequence

9. 30/09/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Prepare Proposal of the Project

10. 01/10/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Verify the draft from teacher

11. 07/10/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Rearrange the Data

12. 14/10/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Share the data among group

13. 21/10/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Prepare the report

14. 24/10/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Work on data

15. 24/10/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Prepare soft copy

16. 25/10/2024 7.00 pm – 8.00 pm Submission

[Link]
Name and Signature of Teacher