Computer Networking Experimental Setup User Manual
Aim: Study of Computer network components: Cables, Connectors, Routers / Switches / Ethernet and
related interfacing cards.
Objectives:
To get familiar with the various components of computer networking.
To get familiar with the cables, connectors and network interfacing cards.
To get familiar with LAN development using network components.
Apparatus: Twisted pair cable (cat-5), RJ-45 connector, Switch, Crimping Tool, Wire Cutter, LAN
cable tester.
Setup - Diagram:
Figure: Basic Diagram for Computer Network using Switch
Theory:
Computer networks share common devices, functions, and features including servers, clients,
transmission media, shared data, shared printers and other hardware and software resources, network
interface card(NIC), local operating system(LOS), and the network operating system (NOS).
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Computer network components are the major parts which are needed to install the software.
Some important network components are NIC, switch, cable, hub, router, and modem. Depending on
the type of network that we need to install, some network components can also be removed. For
example, the wireless network does not require a cable.
The major components of computer networking: Connecting devices – These are the
middleware between computers and networks. Which binds them together. Some of the connecting
devices are – Bridges, Routers, Gateways, Hubs, Switches, and Repeaters. Servers – These are
computers with a high configuration that can handle the resources in the network. These are the
machines that hold different kinds of programs or files that can be accessed by another computer that is
present in the network. Some of the servers are database server, file server, print server, etc. Clients –
These are computers that request or get the information or service from the servers to access the
network resources. Access points – This allows the computer to connect to the wireless network, ie.
Without the use of cables. This provides flexibility to mobile users. Shared data – These are the data
that is shared between the client like files, programs, and email. Network interface card – this controls
the data flow between the computer and network. A network interface card can send and receive data.
Transmission media – These are the mode through which data is transferred from one device to
another. Transmission media can be fiber optic cables, coaxial cables or infra-red waves, microwaves,
etc.
Procedure:
Take two cat-5 cable and cut its outer cover shield using wire cutter of both ends.
Make the sequence of color sequence as per straight or cross type.
Connect the RJ-45 connector using crimping tool kit.
Check the connector of both end by using LAN cable tester.
Set the IP address to both the PC using setting.
Ping the IP address of both end on PC.
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Ethernet Cable Color Coding Sequence:
Observation Table:
PC Number Set IP Address Ping PC Status
PC-1 PC-1 to PC-2
PC-2 PC-2 to PC-1
*The status can be TTL=128 / Destination Host Unreachable/ Time Out
Result: Successfully studied of Computer network components: Cables, Connectors, Routers /
Switches / Ethernet and related interfacing cards
Teacher’s Sign.
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To study Configuration of IP and MAC address and to study Local Area Network
setup
Aim: To study Configuration of IP and MAC address and to study Local Area Network setup.
Objectives:
To get familiar with the Local Area Networking.
To get familiar with the concept of IP and MAC address.
To get familiar with configuration of IP and MAC address.
Apparatus: Twisted pair cable (cat-5), RJ-45 connector, Switch, Minimum two PC.
Setup - Diagram:
Figure: Basic Diagram for Local Area Network with IP and MAC address
Theory:
An IP address is an address that helps you to identify a network connection. It is termed as the
'Logical Address,' which is provided to a connection in a network. IP address helps you to control how
devices on the Internet communicate and defines the behavior of internet routers. All devices that are
connected to an internet connection have a unique IP address which means there’s a need of billions of
IP addresses. This requirement is fulfilled by the new IP version IPv6. There are two IP versions: IPv4
and IPv6. IPv4 is the older version which has an space of over 4 billion IP addresses. For example
[Link]. However, the new IPv6 version can provide up to trillions of IP addresses to fulfill the
need of all internet users and devices. The IPv4 version used to configure IP addresses in numerical
value (numbers) which may conflict with other IP addresses. That’s why IPv6 adopted the hexadecimal
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method to provide unique IP addresses to billions of users in the world. Example of an IPv6 IP address
would be: 4ggr:1925:5656:7:600:t4tt:tc54:98vt
MAC address is a unique identifier that is assigned to a NIC (Network Interface Controller/ Card). It
consists of a 48 bit or 64-bit address, which is associated with the network adapter. MAC address can
be in hexadecimal format. The full form of MAC address is Media Access Control address. The MAC
address is a unique value associated with a network adapter. MAC addresses are also known as
hardware addresses or physical addresses. They uniquely identify an adapter on a LAN. A MAC
address is generally in six sets of two-digits/characters that are separated by colons. For example:
[Link]
Procedure:
Set the IP address to each PC.
Make sure that each computer in LAN.
Check the IP address of each computer using ping command on command prompt in PC.
Check the MAC address using ipconfig/all on command prompt in PC.
Map the IP address and MAC address using arp –a on command prompt in PC.
Observation Table -1 :
Mapping IP and
PC Number Set IP Address MAC Address MAC Address
PC-1
PC-2
Result: Successfully studied for configuration of IP and MAC address and to study Local Area
Network setup
Teacher’s Sign.
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