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Business Intelligence and Decision Support Systems

The document outlines a comprehensive curriculum on Business Intelligence (BI) covering various units that include definitions, architectures, decision support systems, data mining, mathematical models, classification problems, clustering methods, and knowledge management. Each unit contains numerous questions addressing key concepts, methodologies, and applications relevant to BI and its components. The content serves as a guide for understanding the principles and practices of BI in decision-making and data analysis.

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Aniket Nichinde
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130 views6 pages

Business Intelligence and Decision Support Systems

The document outlines a comprehensive curriculum on Business Intelligence (BI) covering various units that include definitions, architectures, decision support systems, data mining, mathematical models, classification problems, clustering methods, and knowledge management. Each unit contains numerous questions addressing key concepts, methodologies, and applications relevant to BI and its components. The content serves as a guide for understanding the principles and practices of BI in decision-making and data analysis.

Uploaded by

Aniket Nichinde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BI

UNIT 1

1. What is business intelligence? Write its advantages.


2. What is business intelligence? Explain architecture of the business intelligence. Or
Describe the architecture of business intelligence.
3. Explain Data, Information and Knowledge. ? Why e ective and timely decision is important?
4. Explain di erent phases in development business intelligence system.
5. What are the ethics of business Intelligence?
6. Describe the role of mathematical model.
7. De ne system. Explain how system can be characterized.
8. What is decision support system (DSS)? What are the factors that a ect the degree of success of
the DSS?
9. Explain classi cation of decisions according to their nature and scope.
10. Describe di erent phases in the development of a decision support systems (DSS).
11. Explain the phases of decision-making process system? Explain types of decision
12. Explain the major potential advantage derived from adoption of a DSS.
13. De ne System. Explain the Closed Cycle and Open Cycle System with suitable example.
14. Describe the Phases in the Development of Decision Support Systems (DSS).
15. De ne E ective and timely decisions.
16. De ne Data, Information and knowledge in terms of Business Intelligence.
17. What are the components of Business Intelligence System?
18. Explain the representation of the decision-making process.
19. What is business intelligence? Or What is the main purpose of business intelligence?
20. What are the advantages of making decision using business intelligence over making decision
without business intelligence?
21. What is the di erence between data, information and knowledge?
22. Explain cycle of business intelligence analysis.
23. What are the enabling factor in business intelligence project?
24. What are the various factors that in uence a rational choice while making decision in problem
solving?
25. Explain logical structure of decision making process.
26. List and explain types of decision according to their nature.
27. Explain logical ow of a problem solving process.
28. What are the factors that in uence rational choice?
29. Explain logical ow of decision making process.
30. What are the factors that a ect the degree of success of a DSS?
31. What are various types of decision according to their nature? OR Explain structured, unstructured
and semi-structured
32. What are various types of decision according to their nature? OR Explain strategic, tactical and
operational dictions.
24. Explain the characteristics of the information in terms of the scope of decision.
25. Short note on evolution of decision making process:
26. Describe the structure of DSS with diagram.
27. List and explain features of DSS
28. Explain the added components in extended structure of decision support systems.
29. Describe the phases in the development of a decision support systems.

UNIT 2
1. Explain the divisions of mathematical models according to their characteristics, probabilistic
nature, and temporal dimension.
2. What are the phases in the development of mathematical models for decision making?
3. Explain the primary phases of model.
4. Di erentiate between supervised and unsupervised learning.
5. Explain classes of model. /What is predictive and optimization model?
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6. What is data mining? List the real-life applications of data mining.
7. Explain some of the areas where data mining is used.
8. Write various application of data mining.
9. Write short notes on analysis methodology of data mining.
10. What is data mining process? / Draw and explain architecture of data mining.
11. Describe representation of input data.
12. Write short note on Corporate Analysis and risk management. And Fraud detection.
13. Explain categorical and numerical attributes with proper example.
14. Draw and explain data preparation./Write Short note on data preparation
15. What is meant by data validation? Explain di erent kinds of data validation.
16. Write short note on data transformation .
17. Explain the following normalization techniques: (i) Decimal scaling (ii) Min-max
18. Describe Data reduction.
19. What is data reduction? Why it is necessary?
20. Explain di erent types of mathematical model.
21. Describe the structure of Mathematical Model.
22. State advantages and disadvantages of Mathematical Model.
23. De ne data mining. Why are there many di erent names and de nitions for data mining?
24. Explain data representation.
25. List and brie y de ne the phases in the CRISP-DM process.
26. What are the most popular free data mining tools?
27. Explain data transformation processes.
28. Describe di erent techniques of data validation.
29. How mathematical models are divided according to their characteristics.
30. Explain division of mathematical model converting its probabilistic nature.
31. Explain division of mathematical model according to the temporal dimension in the model?
32. How mathematical model is divided into various categories?
33. List and explain various phases in the development of mathematical of decision making.
34. List the classes of mathematical model? Explain any one of them.
35. Short note on:
a) Predictive model
b) Pattern recognition and learning model
c) Optimization model
d) Project management model
e) Risk analysis model
f) Waiting line model
36. What is interpretation and predictions? Give example.
37. Di erence between data mining, classical statistics and OLAP.
38. Explain the terminology used in representation of input data.
39. Explain categorical and numerical attributes with proper example.
40. List and explain taxonomy attributes of numerical attributes.
41. Write short note on principal component analysis (PCA).
42. What are the methodology available for analysis?
43. What are the various data mining task?
44. Explain data validation, Incompleteness, noise, inconsistency of quality of input data.
45. What is incomplete data? What are the techniques to be adopted to current incomplete data?
46. How data is a ected by noise?
47. List and explain various standardization techniques.
48. Short note on data reductions. What are the criteria to determine a data?

UNIT 3
1. Explain classi cation problems in detail /Explain Phases and Taxonomy of classi cation model.
2. Write short notes on evaluation of classi cation model.
3. What are the criteria used to evaluate classi cation methods?
4. Write a short note on confusion matrix.
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5. Explain top-down induction of decision tree. Examine the components of the top- down induction
of decision trees procedure
6. Write a short note on Bayesian methods.? Assume your own training dataset and predict the class
label of an unknown sampling using Naïve Bayesian classi cation.
7. Describe Logistic regression.
8. Describe neural networks/Explain the ‘Rosenblatt perceptron’ form of neural network with diagram
9. Write short note on: Clustering methods
10. What is taxonomy of clustering method?
11. What are the characteristics of clustering method?
12. What is clustering attributes? Write a short note on:
1. A) Binary Attribute
2. B) Nominal Attribute
3. C) Ordinal Attribute
13. Di erentiate between following clustering methodologies: i) Partitioning method.
ii) Hierarchical method.
14. Write k-means algorithm for clustering.
15. Explain k-means method.
16. Explain evaluation of clustering model.
17. What are the criteria used to evaluate classi cation methods?
18. Short note on Naive Bayesian Classi ers.
19. Explain the 'Rosenblatt Perceptron' form of Neural Network with diagram.
20. Write a short note on the Confusion Matrix.
21. Explain Neural Networks.
22. What is cluster and clustering methods?
23. Write a short note on Hierarchical Methods.
24. What is classi cation model? Explain three phases of classi cation model
25. List and explain the categories of classi cation models.
26. What are the criteria used to evaluate mathematical model.
27. What is the holdout method?
28. Explain repeated random sampling
29. Explain cross validation
30. Explain ROC curve chart
31. What is classi cation tree?
32. Explain splitting rules, stopping criteria and pruning criteria in classi cation tree.
33. Explain univariate splitting criteria
34. Short note on Bayesian Method of classi cation.
35. Explain Bayesian Network
36. What is neural network? Multi-level feed-forward network.
37. Short note on support vector machines.
38. What is clustering? What are the requirements to be ful lled by clustering methods.
39. Explain partition method of clustering
40. Write k-medoid algorithm for clustering.
41. De ne neural network.
42. Short note on support vector machine.
43. Explain the following:
1. (i) Agglomerative algorithm.
2. (ii) Divisive algorithm.
44. Explain the following methods of clustering.
1. (i) A nity methods.
2. (ii) Partition method.

UNIT 4
1. Explain Relational marketing and various factor associated with it.
2. Write a short note on market basket analysis.
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3. Explain the concept of acquisition.
4. What is use of web mining methods? What are the di erent purposes of web mining?
5. Explain sales force management and various factor associated with it.
6. What is supply chain optimization?
7. Explain optimization logistics planning in Logistic and production models.
8. Explain ''tactical planning'' optimization model for logistics planning.
9. List Revenue management systems. Explain any one in detail.
10. List and explain e ciency measures associated with Data Envelopment analysis.
11. Describe E ciency measures.
12. Write a short note on e cient frontier.
13. Explain the Charnes–Cooper–Rhodes (CCR) model.
14. Explain basic factors associated with Identi cation of good operating practices.
15. What is Relational Marketing Model?
16. What is the objective of Relational Marketing Model?
17. Explain components of relational marketing strategy.
18. What are the goals of supply chain management system?
19. Describe di erent optimization models for logistic planning.
20. What is revenue management system?
21. Describe decision processes in revenue management system.
22. What is Relational Marketing? What is Data Mining in the Field of Relational Marketing?
23. Explain concept of e ciency measure.
24. Write a short note on E ciency Frontier.
25. How to identify good operating practices?
26. What are the virtual inputs and virtual outputs?
27. What are the objectives of relational marketing?
28. Explain cross selling and up selling.
29. What is web mining? List and explain various methods of web mining.
30. Explain the decision process in sales-force management.
31. What are the di erences between BB and BC?
32. What is the taxonomy of web mining analyses?
33. What is salesforce management? What are the di erent types of activities on which salesforce
taxonomy is based?
34. List the various problems with managing a mobile salesforce management?
35. How decision making process is categorized relative to salesforce management?
36. Write short note on Response functions?
37. How sales territories are designed?
38. How Optimization models are used for calls and product presentations planning?
39. What is supply chain management? Give an example of global supply chain.
40. Write short note on Backlogging?
41. What is revenue management? How revenue management a ects some highly complex decision-
making processes?
42. What are the basic principles of Revenue management?
43. How you will identify good operating practices?
44. What is Cross-e ciency analysis?
45. What are Virtual inputs and virtual outputs?
46. What are Weight restrictions?

UNIT 5
1. De ne knowledge management. What are data, information and knowledge?
2. Write a short note on approaches Knowledge Management.
3. What is meant by knowledge management system?
4. Describe the knowledge management system (KMS) cycle.
5. Explain the role of people in knowledge management.
6. Explain organizational learning and Transformation.
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7. Explain knowledge management activities in brief
8. What is information technology in Knowledge Management?
9. Write steps involved in knowledge management system implementation.
10. What is Arti cial intelligence?
11. List and explain characteristics of arti cial intelligence.
12. Describe how AI and intelligent agents support knowledge management. Relate XML to knowledge
management and knowledge portals.
13. Compare and contrast between Arti cial intelligence versus Natural intelligence.
14. What are expert system?
15. Explain basic concepts and structure of Expert Systems.
16. Enlist and explain steps of development of expert system.
17. Explain forward chaining and backward chaining.
18. What are the areas for expert system applications?
19. What is knowledge engineering? Explain the process of knowledge engineering.
20. Write short note on knowledge engineering.
21. De ne Knowledge Management. What are Data, Information, and Knowledge?
22. Describe the Knowledge Management System (KMS) Cycle.
23. Describe how AI and Intelligent Agents support Knowledge Management. Relate XML to
Knowledge Management and Knowledge Portals.
24. Explain the role of organizational culture.
25. Explain development of Expert System.
26. De ne knowledge management and describe its purpose.
27. Distinguish between knowledge and data.
28. Describe the knowledge based economy.
29. De ne tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge.
30. De ne learning organisations and identify the characteristics of learning organisations.
31. De ne organisational memory.
32. De ne organisational structure and relate it with knowledge management.
33. Describe the process of knowledge creation.
34. What are the characteristics of knowledge sharing?
35. De ne knowledge seeking (or sourcing).
36. Explain process approach and practice approach to knowledge management.
37. Di erentiate between process approach and practice approach to knowledge management.
38. Explain hybrid approach to knowledge management.
39. De ne knowledge repository and explain how to create one.
40. Describe the KMS cycle.
41. List and describe the components of KMS.
42. De ne electronic knowledge portals (EKP).
43. De ne EDM and relate it to knowledge Mgmt. and to content management system ( CMS).
44. Describe tools for knowledge harvesting.
45. List the major systems that are frequently integrated with KMS.
46. Describe the role of the chief knowledge o cer (CKO).
47. What other managers are involved with knowledge management?
48. Describe community of practice (COP) and relate them to knowledge management.
49. What is the importance of community of practice COP in organisations?
50. De ne arti cial intelligence(AI)
51. What are the capabilities of arti cial intelligence (AI)? OR What are the signs of intelligence?
52. List and explain characteristics of arti cial intelligence.
53. What is heuristics? Give an example.
54. Write short note on the evolution of arti cial intelligence.
55. What are various applications of arti cial intelligence (AI)?
56. Di erentiate between AI (advantages) and natural intelligence(disadvantages)
57. Di erentiate between natural intelligence (advantages) and AI (disadvantages)
58. What are the features of expert systems?
59. Di erentiate between human experts and expert systems
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60. Explain the structure of expert system.
61. De ne: (i) Experts (ii) Expertise
62. What are the di culties in acquiring knowledge?
63. What are the areas of expert systems?
64. What are the problems and limitations of expert system?
65. What are the bene ts of expert system?
66. What are the generic categories of expert systems?
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Common questions

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Expert systems contribute to knowledge management by capturing and simulating human expertise for problem-solving in specific domains. They provide consistent decisions, reduce dependency on human experts, and ensure knowledge retention within organizations . However, limitations include their reliance on predefined knowledge bases, lack of adaptability to new information, high initial setup cost, and maintenance requirements . These systems may struggle with tasks requiring nuanced judgment or creativity, limiting their applicability to well-defined problems .

The development of a business intelligence system involves several phases, including requirement gathering, data integration, data storage, data analysis, and reporting . Each phase is crucial: requirement gathering ensures the system aligns with business goals; data integration combines data from various sources for consistency; data storage ensures that data is organized and reliable; data analysis provides insights through tools and algorithms; and reporting translates those insights into actionable information for decision-makers. Together, these phases enable a comprehensive and effective business intelligence system, allowing organizations to make data-driven decisions .

Decision support systems (DSS) enhance decision-making by providing tools and algorithms that process complex data sets to generate actionable insights. They offer flexibility, adaptability, and user-friendly interfaces that aid in identifying trends and analyzing scenarios . Factors influencing their success include the accuracy of the underlying data, user competence, system integration with existing processes, and a system design that aligns with organizational objectives . These factors ensure that DSS can effectively support rapid and informed decision-making .

Supervised learning in data mining involves training a model on a labeled dataset, which means that the categories are already defined. Examples include regression analysis for predicting sales figures or classification tasks like identifying spam emails . Unsupervised learning, on the other hand, involves analyzing unlabeled data to identify patterns or clusters, such as customer segmentation or market basket analysis, where the algorithm discovers associations without predefined labels . Both techniques are crucial for extracting meaningful insights from data, but their application differs based on the data structure and the problem at hand .

Relational marketing uses data mining techniques such as customer segmentation, predictive analytics, and market basket analysis to tailor marketing strategies for individual customers . This personalization strengthens customer relationships by addressing specific needs and preferences, increasing customer loyalty and retention. For organizations, the benefits include improved customer engagement, increased sales through targeted offers, and efficient resource allocation in marketing campaigns . These advantages lead to enhanced competitive positioning and organizational growth .

Mathematical models support decision-making by providing frameworks for predicting outcomes and optimizing decisions. Examples include predictive models, which forecast future events based on historical data, and optimization models, which determine the best course of action given constraints and objectives . These models assist in resource allocation, risk management, and strategic planning by analyzing data trends and relationships, enabling organizations to make informed, data-backed decisions .

Ethical considerations in business intelligence include data privacy, data security, and the ethical use of data analysis for decision-making . These are significant because they address the trust concerns of customers and stakeholders, ensure compliance with legal standards, and prevent misuse of sensitive data. In today's data-driven economy, where vast amounts of personal and sensitive data are processed, maintaining high ethical standards is crucial for preserving organizational integrity and user trust .

Neural networks in business intelligence are used for complex pattern recognition, anomaly detection, and predictive analytics due to their capability to model non-linear relationships . The 'Rosenblatt perceptron' is one of the simplest forms of a neural network, consisting of a single layer that uses a threshold transfer function to separate data into two categories . It differs from multilayer networks, which can represent more complex functions and relationships, and are used in more advanced applications like deep learning . This makes the perceptron suitable for simpler tasks, while multilayer networks handle intricate scenarios common in business intelligence .

The CRISP-DM (Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) process provides a structured and systematic approach to data mining projects. It consists of six phases: business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modeling, evaluation, and deployment . This methodology is significant because it offers a standardized framework that guides projects from initial concept through to completion, ensuring consistency, efficiency, and alignment with business objectives. By following CRISP-DM, organizations can manage the complexity of data mining projects, mitigate risk, and maximize the value derived from data-driven insights .

In business intelligence, data refers to raw facts and figures that are collected from various sources, information is data processed into a meaningful form, and knowledge is information that has been aggregated to make it actionable for decision-makers . Making effective and timely decisions using these distinctions is critical because it ensures that businesses can quickly respond to changing market conditions, capitalize on opportunities, and mitigate risks through informed decision-making .

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