📘 OOP (Object-Oriented Programming)
Key Topics:
● Classes & Objects
● Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction
● Constructors / this keyword
● Method Overriding vs Overloading
● Access Modifiers (public/private/protected)
📘 Data Structures & Algorithms
Key Topics:
● Arrays, Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues
● Sorting (Bubble, Selection, Quick, Merge)
● Searching (Binary Search)
● Time & Space Complexity (Big O)
● Hash Tables, Trees, Graphs (basics)
📘 SQL
Key Topics:
● SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
● WHERE, GROUP BY, ORDER BY, HAVING
● JOINS (INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL)
● Aggregate Functions (COUNT, SUM, AVG)
● Constraints (PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY)
📘 Basic JavaScript (for Web Applications)
Key Topics:
● Data types & variables
● Functions (declaration, arrow functions)
● DOM manipulation
● Event handling
● Array methods (map, filter, reduce)
● Scope & Hoisting
● let vs var vs const
🧱 OOP – Object-Oriented Programming (20
MCQs)
1.Which of the following is not an OOP concept?
○ a) Encapsulation
○ b) Inheritance
○ c) Compilation ✅
○ d) Polymorphism
2.What is encapsulation in OOP?
○ a) Hiding the internal state✅
○ b) Creating subclasses
○ c) Reusing code
○ d) Overloading methods
3.Which OOP principle allows code reuse?
○ a) Abstraction
○ b) Inheritance ✅
○ c) Encapsulation
○ d) Polymorphism
4.What does polymorphism allow in OOP?
a) Multiple classes in one file
✅
○
○ b) Same function name with different implementations
○ c) Creating new objects
○ d) Creating private members
5.What is the default access modifier in most OOP languages?
○ a) private ✅
○ b) public
○ c) protected
○ d) package-private (language dependent)
6.Which of the following enables runtime polymorphism?
○ a) Method overloading
○ b) Method overriding ✅
○ c) Operator overloading
○ d) Function hiding
7.What is the use of the this keyword?
a) Refers to global variables
✅
○
○ b) Refers to the current class instance
○ c) Deletes object
○ d) Creates new object
8.Constructors are:
○ a) Used to destroy an object
○ b) A special method to initialize objects ✅
○ c) Static methods
○ d) Methods that must return a value
9.Which concept hides the internal details and shows only
functionality?
○ a) Encapsulation
○ b) Inheritance
○ c) Abstraction ✅
○ d) Polymorphism
10. In which situation would you use method overloading?
○ a) When return types are different
b) When method names differ
✅
○
○ c) When parameter lists differ
○ d) When class names differ
11. Which keyword is used to inherit a class in Java?
○ a) implements
○ b) inherits
○ c) ✅
extends
○ d) super
12. Which principle is being violated if one class relies
heavily on another class's internal details?
○ a) Abstraction
○ b) Tight coupling ✅
○ c) Loose coupling
○ d) Inheritance
13. What is a subclass also called?
○ a) Base class
b) Superclass
✅
○
○ c) Derived class
○ d) Static class
What is the output of:
js
CopyEdit
class A {
constructor() {
[Link] = 5;
let obj = new A();
[Link]([Link]);
14.
○ a) ✅
5
○ b) undefined
○ c) Error
○ d) null
15. What type of inheritance allows a class to have multiple
parent classes?
○ a) Multilevel
○ b) Multiple ✅
○ c) Hierarchical
○ d) Hybrid
16. What keyword is used to call the parent class constructor?
○ a) parent()
○ b) super() ✅
○ c) base()
○ d) this()
17. What is the main advantage of encapsulation?
○ a) Fast execution
○ b) Code reusability
○ c) Data hiding ✅
○ d) Memory management
18. Which one is true for abstract classes?
○ a) Cannot have methods
○ b) Must be instantiated
○ c) ✅
Can have both abstract and non-abstract methods
○ d) All methods must be abstract
19. Composition means:
○ a) Creating objects
○ b) Using objects of other classes inside a class ✅
○ c) Inheriting a class
○ d) Declaring private methods
20. Which of these is a violation of encapsulation?
○ a) Exposing all fields as public ✅
○ b) Using private fields
○ c) Providing getters and setters
○ d) Using constructors
🧠 Data Structures & Algorithms (20 MCQs)
1. Which data structure follows FIFO?
✅
○ a) Stack
○ b) Queue
○ c) Array
○ d) Linked List
2. What is the worst-case time complexity of Binary Search?
✅
○ a) O(n)
○ b) O(log n)
○ c) O(n log n)
○ d) O(1)
3. Which sorting algorithm is best for nearly sorted data?
○ a) Bubble Sort
✅
○ b) Merge Sort
○ c) Insertion Sort
○ d) Quick Sort
4. Which of the following is a linear data structure?
○ a) Tree
✅
○ b) Graph
○ c) Stack
○ d) Hash Table
5. In which scenario would you use a HashMap?
✅
○ a) Ordered data
○ b) Fast lookup
○ c) Recursive calls
○ d) Sorting data
6. Which is not a stable sorting algorithm?
✅
○ a) Merge Sort
○ b) Quick Sort
○ c) Bubble Sort
○ d) Insertion Sort
✅
7. What is the auxiliary space of merge sort?
○ a) O(n)
○ b) O(log n)
○ c) O(1)
○ d) O(n log n)
8. What does a linked list consist of?
○ a) Nodes
○ b) Arrays
✅
○ c) Pointers
○ d) Both a and c
9. How many children can a binary tree node have?
✅
○ a) 1
○ b) 2
○ c) Any
○ d) Infinite
10.What is a leaf node?
○ a) Node with one child
✅
○ b) Node with two children
○ c) Node with no children
○ d) Root node
11.Which traversal is used in depth-first search?
○ a) Level Order
✅
○ b) Breadth First
○ c) Inorder/Preorder/Postorder
○ d) None
12.What is the result of a stack-based postfix evaluation of: 5 3 2 * +?
✅
○ a) 16
○ b) 11
○ c) 10
○ d) 21
13.Which data structure is best for implementing undo functionality?
✅
○ a) Queue
○ b) Stack
○ c) Heap
○ d) Tree
14.Which of these is used in recursive algorithms?
○ a) Queue
✅
○ b) Array
○ c) Stack
○ d) Tree
15.What’s the time complexity of accessing an element in an array?
✅
○ a) O(n)
○ b) O(1)
○ c) O(log n)
○ d) O(n log n)
16.Which operation takes constant time in a stack?
○ a) Traversal
✅
○ b) Deletion from middle
○ c) Push/Pop
○ d) Sorting
17.Which sorting algorithm is divide and conquer?
✅
○ a) Bubble Sort
○ b) Quick Sort
○ c) Selection Sort
○ d) Insertion Sort
18.What is the maximum number of edges in an undirected graph with n vertices?
✅
○ a) n
○ b) n(n−1)/2
○ c) 2n
○ d) n²
19.Which of the following is not a tree traversal?
○ a) Preorder
○ b) Postorder
✅
○ c) Inorder
○ d) Roundorder
20.A priority queue is typically implemented using:
○ a) Stack
✅
○ b) Linked List
○ c) Heap
○ d) Queue
🛢️ SQL – Structured Query Language (20 MCQs +
Answers)
1. Which SQL statement is used to retrieve data?
○ a) GET
○ ✅ b) SELECT
○ c) EXTRACT
○ d) FETCH
2. Which clause is used to filter rows?
○ a) ORDER BY
○ b) GROUP BY
○ ✅ c) WHERE
○ d) HAVING
3. How do you select all the columns from a table named users?
○ a) SELECT ALL FROM users;
○ b) GET * FROM users;
○ ✅ c) SELECT * FROM users;
○ d) SHOW * FROM users;
4. What does NULL represent in SQL?
○ a) Zero
○ b) Empty String
○ ✅ c) Missing or undefined value
○ d) False
5. Which SQL keyword is used to sort results?
○ a) FILTER
○ ✅ b) ORDER BY
○ c) SORT
○ d) RANK
6. What command is used to remove a table?
○ a) REMOVE TABLE
○ ✅ b) DROP TABLE
○ c) DELETE TABLE
○ d) CLEAR TABLE
7. Which function returns the number of rows?
○ a) SUM()
○ b) COUNT()
○ ✅ c) COUNT()
○ d) TOTAL()
8. Which operator is used with WHERE to match a pattern?
○ a) =
○ b) ==
○ ✅ c) LIKE
○ d) MATCH
9. How do you retrieve only unique values?
○ a) SELECT only
○ ✅ b) SELECT DISTINCT
○ c) SELECT UNIQUE
○ d) SELECT NON-DUPLICATE
10.Which clause is used with aggregate functions?
○ a) ORDER BY
○ b) WHERE
○ c) SELECT
○ ✅ d) GROUP BY
11.What does JOIN do?
○ ✅ a) Combines rows from two or more tables
○ b) Removes duplicates
○ c) Creates a table
○ d) Drops a table
12.What is a primary key?
○ ✅ a) A unique identifier for a row
○ b) A foreign key
○ c) A table name
○ d) A column with duplicates
13.Which of the following modifies existing records?
○ a) SELECT
○ b) INSERT
○ ✅ c) UPDATE
○ d) ALTER
14.Which command deletes all rows but not the table structure?
○ a) DROP
○ ✅ b) TRUNCATE
○ c) DELETE
○ d) REMOVE
15.What does HAVING filter?
○ a) Column values
○ b) Table names
○ ✅ c) Aggregate function results
○ d) Aliases
16.What keyword adds new data?
○ a) ADD
○ ✅ b) INSERT INTO
○ c) UPDATE
○ d) APPEND
17.What constraint prevents NULL values?
○ a) DEFAULT
○ ✅ b) NOT NULL
○ c) UNIQUE
○ d) FOREIGN KEY
18.Which clause limits the number of returned rows?
○ a) TOP
○ ✅ b) LIMIT (MySQL/SQLite)
○ c) FIRST
○ d) MAX
19.Which function returns the highest value?
○ a) COUNT()
○ ✅ b) MAX()
○ c) TOP()
○ d) HIGH()
20.What is the correct syntax for a foreign key?
○ a) FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES table(column)
○ ✅ b) FOREIGN KEY (column) REFERENCES table(column)
○ c) CREATE FOREIGN KEY ON column
○ d) SET FOREIGN KEY = column
💻 JavaScript – Web Programming (20 MCQs +
Answers)
1. Which type is not a JavaScript primitive?
○ a) Number
○ b) Boolean
○ ✅ c) Object
○ d) String
2. Which operator checks both value and type?
○ a) =
○ b) ==
○ ✅ c) ===
○ d) !=
3. What will typeof null return?
○ a) "null"
○ ✅ b) "object"
○ c) "undefined"
○ d) "boolean"
4. Which method adds an item to the end of an array?
○ a) shift()
○ ✅ b) push()
○ c) unshift()
○ d) pop()
5. What is the result of NaN === NaN?
○ ✅ a) false
○ b) true
○ c) undefined
○ d) NaN
6. What is the output of [Link](typeof [])?
○ ✅ a) object
○ b) array
○ c) list
○ d) undefined
7. Which function converts JSON to an object?
○ a) [Link]()
○ ✅ b) [Link]()
○ c) [Link]()
○ d) [Link]()
8. What is the default value of an uninitialized variable?
○ ✅ a) undefined
○ b) null
○ c) 0
○ d) false
9. Which loop runs at least once?
○ a) for
○ b) while
○ ✅ c) do...while
○ d) forEach
10.How to declare a constant in JavaScript?
○ a) let x = 5;
○ b) var x = 5;
○ ✅ c) const x = 5;
○ d) define x = 5;
11.Which keyword declares a block-scoped variable?
○ a) var
○ ✅ b) let
○ c) const
○ d) define
12.What will Boolean("") return?
○ ✅ a) false
○ b) true
○ c) undefined
○ d) Error
13.What is a closure?
○ ✅ a) A function with access to its outer scope even after execution
○ b) A class
○ c) An event
○ d) A method
14.What is the output of: 2 + "2"?
○ a) 4
○ ✅ b) "22"
○ c) NaN
○ d) Error
15.What is hoisting in JavaScript?
○ ✅ a) Variable/function declarations moved to the top of scope
○ b) Loop optimization
○ c) Event bubbling
○ d) Memory leak
16.How do you prevent default form behavior?
○ a) stopPropagation()
○ ✅ b) [Link]()
○ c) block()
○ d) return false
17.What’s the output of typeof undefined?
○ ✅ a) "undefined"
○ b) null
○ c) NaN
○ d) "object"
18.Which method removes the last item in an array?
○ a) shift()
○ ✅ b) pop()
○ c) splice()
○ d) delete()
19.What does setTimeout(fn, 0) do?
○ ✅ a) Schedules fn to run after the current call stack
○ b) Immediately runs fn
○ c) Blocks the stack
○ d) Loops fn
20.Which array method filters items based on a condition?
○ a) map()
○ ✅ b) filter()
○ c) reduce()
○ d) find()
