Statistics for SSC CGL 2025
Preparation
1. Concept Notes ✅ (Classification + Trends)
What is Statistics?
Definition: The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting
data.
Purpose: To make decisions or inferences about a population based on sample data.
Types of Statistics
Type Description
Descriptive Summarizes and describes data using measures like mean, median,
Statistics mode, variance, standard deviation.
Inferential Makes predictions or inferences about a population from sample data,
Statistics using hypothesis testing, confidence intervals.
Important Terms
Population: Entire group under study.
Sample: Subset of the population.
Variable: Characteristic measured (qualitative or quantitative).
Data: Raw facts or figures.
Frequency Distribution: Arrangement of data showing frequency of each value.
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode.
Measures of Dispersion: Range, Variance, Standard Deviation.
Uses & Applications
Used in economics, social sciences, business, government planning, competitive exams.
Helps in decision making and policy formulation.
2. Direct PYQs (2015–2025) ✅
Q: What is the median of the data set: 3, 7, 9, 12, 15?
A: 9 (SSC CGL 2023)
Q: Which measure of central tendency is least affected by extreme values?
A: Median (SSC CGL 2022)
Q: The mode of the data set 2, 4, 4, 6, 8 is?
A: 4 (SSC CGL 2021)
Q: Variance is the square of which measure?
A: Standard deviation (SSC CGL 2020)
Q: What is the range of data: 10, 25, 30, 45, 50?
A: 40 *(50 - 10) (SSC CGL 2019)
3. Eduquity New Pattern Types ✅
A. Match-the-Following
Term Definition/Value
Mean Average of data values
Median Middle value in sorted data
Term Definition/Value
Mode Most frequent value
Difference between max and min
Range
values
Standard
Measure of data spread
Deviation
B. Assertion–Reason
A: The mean is always affected by outliers.
R: Extreme values can distort the arithmetic average.
Answer: Both A and R are true; R explains A.
C. Incorrect Statement
Median is the most affected measure by extreme values. (Incorrect)
Mode is the most frequent data value. (Correct)
Variance is the square root of standard deviation. (Incorrect — reverse)
4. High-Probability Facts + Tricks ✅
“Mean = Sum of observations ÷ number of
observations.”
“Median divides data into two equal halves.”
“Mode = Most repeated value.”
“Range = Max value – Min value.”
“Standard deviation = Square root of variance.”
“Median is best measure when data has outliers.”
