ELECTRICITY

1. State ohm's law. write its mathematical expression.

At constant temperature, the Potential Difference (V) across the ends of the
conductor is directly proportional to the current (I) flowing through it,
v
V ∝ i or V = IR or I = R

2. Draw the schematic diagram of an electric circuit comprising of electric cell, electric
bulb, ammeter and plug key.

3. Write the symbols of commonly used components in an electric circuit.

4. Define potential difference. Mention its SI unit.

It is defined as the amount of work done in moving a unit positive charge from one
point to another in a conducting medium.
The S.I. Unit of Potential difference is Volt.

5. State Joules law of Heating Effect. Write its mathematical equation.

 Heat produced in a resistor is directly proportional to the
(I) square of current for a given resistance
(II) Resistance for a given current, and
(III) Time for which the current flows through the resistor.
Therefore H = I 2Rt

6. Name the device used to measure the potential difference.

Voltmeter is the device used to measure the Potential difference.

7. How are voltmeter and ammeter connected in the circuit.

Voltmeter is connected in Parallel and Ammeter is always connected in Series with
the circuit.

8. Name four instruments that works on the heating effect of electric current.
1. Electric Iron
2. Electric Toaster
3. Electric Heater
4. Induction Stove

9. Write the SI units of: electrical power, resistance, resistivity, voltage, current
Electrical Power = Watt
Resistance = Ohm (Ω)
Resistivity = Ohm metre (Ωm)
Voltage = Volt
Current = Ampere

[Link] the factors on which the resistance of the conductor depends.

a. Length of a conductor
b. Material of conductor
c. Temperature
d. Area of Cross section of conductor

[Link] the circuit diagram consisting of three resistors R1, R2 and R3 connected in
series
[Link] the circuit diagram consisting of three resistors R1, R2 and R3 connected in
parallel

13. Define 1 Volt,

One Volt is defined as the Energy consumption of 1 joule per 1 Coulomb

1 Joule
1 Volt = 1 Coulomb

14. Define 1 Watt

A body is said to have One watt of Power if it can perform One Joule of Work in

One Second.

1 Joule
1 Watt = 1 second

15. Define 1 Ampere

1 Ampere: It is defined as 1 coulomb of charge per second.

1 Coulomb
1Ampere = 1 second.

16. Define 1 ohm.

One Ohm is defined as that resistance of an object when a current of 1 ampere

flows through an object having a Potential difference of 1 Volt

1 Volt
1 Ohm = 1 Ampere.

17. Define Resistivity.

The resistivity is defined as the resistance of a conductor of unit length and unit area
of cross section
RxA
ρ= L
 18. Name the filament used in electric bulbs and name the alloy used in electric heater

Tungsten filament is used in Electric bulb and

Nichrome alloy is used in making coils of Electric Heaters.

19. Name the gas filled in the electric bulb.

Nitrogen and Argon are the gases filled in an Electric bulb which prevents the filament
of the bulb from deteriorating.

20. Copper and Aluminium are used in making electrical wires give reasons.

Because copper and Aluminium are very good conductors of electricity and their
resistivity is low. Hence they are used in making electrical wires.

21. Electrical devices are not connected in series but they are connected in parallel. why?

1. The current is constant throughout the electric circuit.

2. Overall resistance of circuit will increase due to which the current from power supply
will be less.
3. Different gadgets need currents of widely different values to operate properly.
4. When one component fail the entire circuit is broken and none of the components
works in series connection.

22. What is (a) the highest, (b) the lowest total resistance that can be secured by
combinations of four coils of resistance 4 Ω, 8 Ω, 12 Ω, 24 Ω?

(a) If the four resistors are connected in series, their total resistance will be the sum of their
individual resistances and it will be the highest. The total equivalent resistance of the
resistors connected in series will be

4 Ω+8 Ω+12 Ω+24 Ω=48 Ω.

(b) If the resistors are connected in parallel, then their equivalent resistances will be the
lowest. Their equivalent resistance connected in parallel is, the the lowest total resistance is 2
Ω.

23 . The resistivity of two conductors 'A' and 'B' are 1.62×10−8 Ω m and 5.20×10−8 Ω m
respectively.

Which of them is used in: (i) Transportation of electricity (ii) The making of heating coils?
Why?

i) Conductor A is used in transportation of electricity, because it's resistance is low.

ii) Conductor B is used in making of heating coils, because it's resistance is high.

24 . How much work is done in moving a charge of 2C across two points having a potential
difference 12V?
Given :Q=2C, V=12v , W=?

W=VQ

W=12×2

W=24J

25. Which uses more energy: a 250W TV set or a 1200W heater is 10 minutes.

Energy consumed by TV Energy consumed by heater

E=P xt E=P xt

E=250×600 E=1200×600

E=150000J E=720000J

Therefore, the Heater consumes More energy

26. Find the number of electrons in 1C of charge.

1C=1/1.6×10−19

1C=1019/1.6

1C=6.25×1018 electrons.

27. An electric iron of resistance 20 Ω. takes a current 5A. Calculate the heat developed
in 30s.

V=IR

V=5×20

V=100 V

H= I2 Rt or H = VIt

H=100×5×30

H=1.5×104 J

28. An electric heater of resistance 8 Ω draws 15 A from the service mains 2 hours.

Calculate the rate at which heat is developed in the heater.

 The rate at which the heat develops in the heater can be calculated using the following
formula

P=I2 R Substituting the values in the equation,

we get

P=(15)2×8 Ω=1800 J/s

The electric heater produces heat at the rate of 1800 J/s

29. An electric bulb with a resistance of 50 Ω is connected to 10 V battery in an electric

circuit. Calculate the electric current flowing through the electric bulb and electric
power of the bulb.

R=50 Ω , v=10 V , I=? , P = ?

Electric current

V=IR
V
I=R

10
= 50

= 0.2 A

Electric power

P = VI

P=10×0⋅2

P = 2 Watt

30. How does overloading and short circuit occur in an electric circuit.

OVERLOADING of an electric circuit means when current flows in a circuit it

becomes more than the capacity of components in the circuit to resist the current.

When too much current passes in a circuit, overload occurs through electric wires.

Short Circuit: Whenever a live wire and neutral wire come in direct contact with each
other in a domestic circuit, due to damage of pf insulation power lines, then Short
circuit occurs and suddenly large current flows in the circuit.
31. An electric refrigerator rated 400 W is used for 8 hours a day. An electric iron box
rated 750 W is used for 2 hours a day. Calculate the cost of using these appliances for
30 days, if the cost of 1 kWh is Rs. 3/−

The total energy consumed by the refrigerator in 30 days

= 400×8×30=96000 Wh = 96 kWh

The total energy consumed by the iron box in 30 days

=750×2×30 = 45000 Wh=45 kWh

The total energy consumed by the refrigerator and iron box is

=96 kWh+45 kWh = 141 kWh

The sum of bill amount for 141 kWh at rate of Rs. 3 per 1 kWh is

=141×3 = Rs.423

32. Write any two safety measures which are commonly used in electric circuits.

1. Electric Fuse will save the domestic circuit from Overloading

2. Proper Earthing is done in a domestic circuit which prevents the house from
electrical short circuit and Overloading.

33. What is fuse? What are its functions?

An Electrical fuse is a safety device that operates to provide protection against the
overflow of current in an electrical circuit.

An important function of Electrical fuse is that a fuse is a metal wire or strip that melts
when excess current flows through the circuit.