CLASS 9 CHAPTER 1
MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS
Page 10
Question 1. Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day?
Answer: The outer walls of the cooler get sprinkled by water constantly. This water
evaporates due to hot dry weather. Evaporation causes cooling of the inside air of
the cooler. This cool air is sent into the room by the fan.
Question 2. How does the water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during
summer?
Answer: The earthen pot is porous with a lot of pores on it, the water oozes out
through these pores and the water gets evaporated at the surface of the pot thereby
causing a cooling effect. This makes the pot cold and the water inside the pot cools
by this process.
Question 3. Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or
perfume on it?
Answer: Acetone, petrol or perfume evaporate when they come into contact with air.
The evaporation causes a cooling sensation in our hands.
Question 4. Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a
cup?
Answer: Tea in a saucer has larger surface area than in a cup. The rate of
evaporation is faster with increased surface area. The cooling of tea in a saucer
takes place sooner than in a cup. Hence we are able to sip hot tea or milk faster from
a saucer rather than a cup.
Question 5. What type of clothes should we wear in summer?
Answer: We should wear light coloured cotton clothes in summer. Light colour
because it reflects heat. Cotton clothes because it has pores in it, which absorbs
sweat and allows the sweat to evaporate faster thereby giving a cooling effect.
Exercise
Question 1. Convert the following temperatures to the Celsius scale.
(a) 293 K (b) 470 K.
Answer: (a) 293 K into °C
293 – 273 = 20°C
(b) 470 K into °C 470 – 273 = 197°C
Question 2. Convert the following temperatures to the Kelvin scale.
(a) 25°C (b) 373°C.
Answer: (a) 25°C into K
25 + 273 = 298 K
(b) 373°C into K 4 373 + 273 = 646 K
Question 3. Give reason for the following observations.
(a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.
(b) We can get the smell of perfume sitting several metres away.
Answer: (a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid,
because naphthalene balls sublime and directly change into vapour state without
leaving any solid.
(b) We can get the smell of perfume sitting several metres away because perfume
contains volatile solvent and diffuses faster and can reach people sitting several
metres away.
Question 4. Arrange the following substances in increasing order of forces of
attraction between the particles—water, sugar, oxygen.
Answer: Oxygen —> water —> sugar.
Question 5. What is the physical state of water at—
(a) 25°C (bj 0°C (cj 100°C
Answer: (a) 25°C is liquid (b) 0°C is solid or liquid
(c) 100°C is liquid and gas
Question 6. Give two reasons to justify
(a) water at room temperature is a liquid.
(b) an iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.
Answer: (a) Water at room temperature is a liquid because its freezing point is 0°C
and boiling point is 100°C.
(b) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature because the melting point of iron
is higher than room temperature.
Question 7. Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same
temperature?
Answer: Ice at 273 K will absorb heat energy or latent heat from the medium to
overcome the fusion to become water. Hence the cooling effect of ice is more than
the water at the same temperature because water does not absorb this extra heat
from the medium.
Question 8. What produces more severe bums, boiling water or steam?
Answer: Steam at 100°C will produce more severe bums as extra heat is hidden in it
called latent heat whereas the boiling water does not have this hidden heat.
Question 9. Name A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram showing change in its
state
Answer: A —> Liquefication/melting/fusion B —>
Vapourisation/evaporation—>Condensation D—> Solidification E —> Sublimation F
—> Sublimation
I. Multiple Choice Questions in Class 9 Science Chapter 1 Matter in Our
Surroundings
Choose the correct option:
1. Evaporation of a liquid occurs at
(a) boiling point
(b) a fixed temperature
(c) temperature lower than boiling point
(d) all temperatures
2. The conversion of gas into liquid is called
(a) freezing (b) condensation
(c) sublimation (d) fusion
3. The fusion is the process in which
(a) liquid changes into solid (b) solid changes into liquid
(c) solid changes into gas (d) gas changes into solid
4. The ice floats on water because
(a) its density is more than water (b) its density is less than water
(c) it has less intermolecular space (d) none of the above
5. Ice at 0°C is more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature
because
(a) it holds latent heat
(b) the molecules use the heat to overcome the force of attraction
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the above
6. The density of water is maximum at
(a) 0°C (b) 100°C
(c) 4°C (d) 273 K
7. Solids and gases mix/dissolve in water
(a) because water is a good solvent
(b) because water has intermolecular space
(c) diffusion is faster in water
(d) all of the above
8. Choose the correct statement from the following:
(a) the volume of gas ” expands on heating
(b) two gases cannot diffuse into each other
(c) gas is converted into solid, it is called condensation
(d) gases cannot diffuse in solids
9. As the pressure of air decreases, the boiling point of the liquid
(a) decreases (b) increases
(c) does not changes (d) none of these
10. Which among the following can exist in vapour state?
(a) oxygen (b) hydrogen
(c) carbon dioxide (d) water
11. At normal pressure (1 atmospheric pressure) the boiling point of water is
(a) 98°C (b) 100°C
(c) 110°C (d) 90°C
12. The pressure of air is measured in atmosphere and pascal. 1 atmospheric
pressure is equal to
(a) 1.0 1 32 5 x 105 Pa (b) 1.01325 x 104 Pa
(c) 10.1325 x 105 Pa (d) 10.1325 x 106 Pa
13. Cooking of rice at higher altitudes is difficult because
(a) water boils at 100°C (b) water boils at <100°C
(c) boiling point of water is constant (d) none of the above
Answer: 1—(c), 2—(b), 3—(b), 4—(b), 5—(e), 6—(c), 7—(d), 8—(a), 9—(a), 10—(rf), 11
~(b), 12—(a), 13-(b).
NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Science Chapter 1 VSAQ
Question 1. Define matter.
Answer: Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter.
Question 2. State different states of matter with an example.
Answer: Matter has 3 different states
Question 3. What is diffusion?
Answer. The intermingling of molecules of one substance with that of the other is
called diffusion.
Question 4. What happens to the rate of diffusion if the temperature is increased?
Answer: With increased temperature, the rate of diffusion also increases as the
particles gain energy and vibrate more.
Question 5. Name the state of matter that have the tendency to maintain their
shape when subjected to outside force.
Answer: Solid.
Question 6. Define melting point.
Answer: The temperature at which a solid melts to become liquid at the atmospheric
pressure is called its melting point.
Question 7. Define boiling point.
Answer: The temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at the atmospheric pressure
is known as its boiling point.
Question 8. Define latent heat of vaporization.
Answer: Latent heat of vaporization is the heat energy required to change 1 kg of a
liquid to gas at atmospheric pressure at its boiling point.
Question 9. Define latent heat of fusion.
Answer: Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change 1 kg
of solid into liquid at its melting point.
Question 10. Define sublimation.
Answer: Sublimation is the change of gaseous state directly to solid state without
going through liquid state and vice-versa.
Question 11. What is dry ice?
Answer: Solid carbon dioxide obtained by cooling and applying pressure on carbon
dioxide gas. It does not melt so it is called dry ice.
Question 12. What is humidity?
Answer: The air holds water vapour, this air with water is called humid air and the
phenomenon is called humidity.
Question.13. Give two properties of solid.
Answer. (1) Solids have fixed shapes and are rigid. (2) Solids cannot be compressed.
Question.14. What will happen if the pressure is reduced on solid carbon dioxide
(dry ice)?
Answer. If the pressure is reduced on solid carbon dioxide it will directly change into
gaseous state without melting.
Question 15. dame any three substances that show sublimation.
Answer: Ammonium chloride, camphor and naphthalene balls.
Question 16. Sponge is solid, but we can still compress it. Why?
Answer: Sponge is a solid with minute pores in it. When we press the sponge the air
present in these pores is released out and hence we are able to compress it.
Question 17. What is normal atmospheric pressure?
Answer: The atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1 atmosphere and taken as the
normal atmospheric pressure.
Question 18. What is Kelvin?
Answer: Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature (0°C = 273 K).
Question 19. Give two examples of diffusion.
Answer: Milk drops dissolved in water and perfume sprayed in a room.
Question 20. Give the temperature at which water exists in two different
phases/states.
Answer: At 0°C water can be in solid or in liquid state.
At 100°C water can be in liquid or in gaseous state.
NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Science Chapter 1 SAQ
Question 1. Why do we see water droplets collected on the outer surface of a glass
container, containing ice?
Answer: The water vapour present in air, comes in contact with the cold outer
surface of the container thereby condensing it to form water droplets.
Question 2. Explain why solids have fixed shape but liquids and gases do not have
fixed shape.
Answer: Solids have fixed shape due to strong intermolecular force of attraction
between them. The liquids and gases have molecules with less intermolecular force
of attraction and hence they can flow and take shape of the container.
Question 3. Liquids and gases can be compressed but it is difficult to compress
solids. Why?
Answer: Liquids and gases have intermolecular space, on applying pressure
externally on them the molecules can come closer thereby minimizing the space
between them. But in case of solids there is no intermolecular space to do so.
Question 4. A balloon, when kept in the sun, bursts after some time. Why?
Answer: The balloon has air filled in it. The balloon when kept in the sun gets heated
and the air inside it also gets heated. The molecules of air get energy, and vibrate
faster thereby exerting large force on the walls of the balloon. Due to this expansion
of gases the balloon bursts.
Question 5. Why do people perspire a lot on a hot humid day?
Answer: On a hot, humid day, due to the heat our body starts sweating for the
cooling mechanism i.e., by evaporation and gets a cooling effect. But the air cannot
hold any more water on a humid day and therefore the sweat or perspiration is seen.
Question 6. Distinguish between evaporation and boiling.
Answer:
Question 7. Why is it advisable to use a pressure cooker at higher altitudes?
Answer: At higher altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is low and the water boils very
fast and evaporates at a faster rate therefore the pressure is required to increase the
cooking process and this is done by using a pressure cooker which increases the
pressure inside the container and cooks food faster.
Question 8. What are fluids?
Answer: The states of matter that can flow due to less intermolecular force of
attraction, are liquids and gases and are called as fluids.
Question 9. One kg cotton and one kg sand, which is more denser? Why?
Answer: One kg sand is denser than 1 kg cotton because density = mass/volume .
The volume required by cotton is more than the sand and density and volume are
inversely proportional.
Question 10. Why is water liquid at room temperature?
Answer: At room temperature, the molecules of water have some intermolecular
force of attraction and the room temperature cannot provide sufficient heat for these
molecules to overcome their force of attraction and therefore remain in liquid phase.
Question 11. State the differences between solid, liquid and gas.
Answer:
Question 12. Cotton is solid but it floats on water. Why?
Answer: Cotton has a large number of pores, in which air is trapped. Hence reducing
its density and increasing the volume. Therefore cotton floats on water. But when
these pores get filled with water it starts sinking.
Question 13. Why are arc solids generally denser than liquids and gases?
Answer: Density of a substance is given by a formula= Mass/Volume
In case of solids the molecules are tightly packed and hence large mass is
concentrated in very small volume. Hence their density is more. But in case of liquids
and gases, their molecules have intermolecular space and hence they don’t have
large mass concentrated in small volumes. So the density of solids is generally more
than that of the liquids and gases.
Question 14. On a hot sunny day, why do people sprinkle water on the roof or open
ground?
Answer: During hot sunny days, the surface of roof or ground absorbs large amounts
of heat and remains hot, on sprinkling water on these surfaces, the water absorbs
large amounts of heat from the surface due to its large latent heat of vaporisation
thereby allowing the hot surface to cool.
Question 15. On a hot sunny day, why do we feel pleasant sitting under a tree?
Answer: Tree has a lot of leaves which constantly show transpiration. Transpiration
is loss of water through small tiny pores of leaves called stomata. When this water
comes on the surface of the leaf the water evaporates thereby causing a cooling
effect. Therefore we feel pleasant sitting under the tree on a hot sunny day.
Question 16. The U’mpeuiUnc at which liquids change into vapours is very high, for
example, water vaporises at 100°C then how is it possible for water to evaporate at
room temperature or at other temperatures?
Answer: The molecules of water present on the surface of the exposed area which
are in very small fraction, gains the energy from the surrounding. With this higher
kinetic energy they are able to break the force of attraction between them and hence
get converted into vapour state.
This phenomenon of change of a liquid into vapours that takes place at any
temperature below its boiling point is called evaporation.
Question 17. Name the factors that affix l evaporation.
Answer: The rate of evaporation will increase with
(1) an increase of surface area,
(2) an increase of temperature,
(3) a decrease in humidity,
(4) an increase in wind speed.
Question 18. The melting point of ice is 273.16 K. What does this mean? Explain in
detail.
Answer: Ice is solid at 0°C i.e., 273° K. The molecules of ice are tightly packed. These
molecules have to overcome the force of attraction with which they are held
and hence they gain this heat from the surroundings but the temperature remains the
same as their energy is used to overcome the force of attraction between the
particles. The particles have their state and start vibrating freely and a stage reaches
when the solid ice melts and is converted to liquid state at the same temperature i.e.,
273 K.
Question 19. How is the high compressibility property of gas useful to us?
Answer: The gases have high compressibility. This property is used in the following
situation:
(1) LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is a fuel which is made up of petroleum gas. On
compressing this petroleum gas it forms liquid.
(2) Oxygen cylinders in the hospitals have compressed gas filled in them.
(3) CNG (compressed natural gas) is a natural gas, methane, which is compressed
and used as a fuel in vehicles and at home.
Question 20. With the help of an example, explain how diffusion of gases in water is
essential?
Answer: The gases from the atmosphere diffuse and dissolve in water. Gases like
oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in water, are essential for the survival of aquatic
animals and plants.
Animals breathe in this oxygen dissolved in water for their survival and plants can
use carbon dioxide dissolved in water for photosynthesis.
NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Science Chapter 1 LAQ
Question 1. Pressure and temperature determine the state of a substance. Ex-plane
this in detail.
Answer: (1) Any matter i.e., solid, liquid or gas when experiences an increase in
temperature then they change their state.
Take ice cubes in a beaker or heat them slowly, the temperature increases and the
ice melts to form liquid. Heat this liquid further and it will become steam.
(2) On lowering down the temperature of any matter, show change in their state.
Take the steam that is coming out of a boiling water and allow it to cool down, it
condenses to form water and on further cooling of this water we get ice.
(3) On applying pressure and reducing temperature we can liquefy gases or change
them into solid.
Example: Take carbon-dioxide gas, reduce its temperature and apply a lot of pressure
on it so that it changes into solid carbon dioxide, called diy ice, which is used as a
refrigerant for cooling.
If the pressure on it is decreased it directly changes into gas.
In LPG cylinders, the petroleum gas is cooled and with a lot of pressure changes it
into liquid state.
While using this LPG, we release the pressure exerted on it and hence it comes out in
the form of gas.
Question 2. Explain giving examples of the various factors on which the rate of
evaporation depends.
Answer: The rate of evaporation depends on the following factors:
(1) Surface area: If the surface area is increased the rate of evaporation also
increases.
(a) To dry the clothes we spread them to dry faster.
(b) Tea in a saucer cools faster than in a cup.
(2) Temperature: If the temperature is increased the rate of evaporation also
increases. Due to increase in temperature the particles gain more kinetic energy and
change their phase from liquid to gaseous. Water will evaporate faster in the sun
than in the shade.
(3) Humidity: It is the amount of water vapour present in air. The air can hold a
definite amount of water vapour, at a given temperature. If the amount of water
vapour is high in the air then the rate of evaporation decreases. On hot and humid
days, desert coolers are not effective as the air cannot hold any more moisture to get
the cooling effect.
(4) Wind speed: With the increase in wind speed, the rate of evaporation increases.
The particles of water vapour move away with the wind, decreasing the amount of
water vapour in the surrounding.
Value Based Questions
Question 1. Adil parked his bicycle on a sunny day in a parking stand of his school
campus. When the school got over Adil saw his burst cycle type. Thereafter he kept
less air in his cycle types and did not inflate them fully.
(a) Why did the type burst?
(b) Why is air compressible?
(c) What value of Adil is reflected in the above act?
Answer: (a) The tyre burst because the air inside the tyre got heated and therefore
exerted pressure on the walls of the tyre.
(b) Air is compressible because it has large intermolecular space.
(c) Adil showed the value of intelligence, awareness, and self-responsibility.
Question 2. Akshay’s friend visited his house in Mumbai and he was surprised to
see air conditioners installed in all of his rooms. His friend advised Akshay to use
water-coolers and save electricity. On this Akshay told him that the water-cooler is
not at all effective in coastal areas.
(a) Why are water-coolers not effective in coastal areas?
(b) What are the other two factors on which evaporation of water depends?
(c) What value of Akshay’s friend is seen in this act?
Answer: (a) Water coolers are not effective in coastal areas due to high rates of
humidity.
(b) The other two factors on which evaporation of water depends are temperature
and surface area.
(c) Akshay’s friend showed the value of a concerned citizen, morally responsible and
friendly in nature.
Question 3. Sita lived in a village and could not afford a refrigerator in her house.
She knew how to keep water cold and preserve all perishable items in her house.
She kept a cloth surrounding the earthen pot to keep water cool, she also kept
vegetables fresh by keeping them in a wet gunny bag and timely sprinkled water
over it.
(a) Why did Sita keep wet cloth surrounding the earthen pot?
(b) Suggest one more method of keeping the house cool in summer.
(c) What value of Sita is reflected in the above case?
Answer: (a) The wet cloth gave a cooling effect to the pot, as the water in the cloth
evaporated and evaporation caused a cooling effect.
(b) By sprinkling some water on the lawn/veranda of the house can keep the house
cool.
(c) Sita showed the value of responsible behaviour.
Question 4. Shreya commutes in a CNG fitted van to school every day along with
many other students. She told the van driver to get the CNG connection certified
and timely checked it for any leakage or loose connection of pipes. She told the
driver to be more careful during summers.
(a) What is CNG?
(b) Why should one be more careful with CNG cylinders during summer?
(c) What value of Shreya is seen in the above act?
Answer: (a) CNG is Compressed Natural Gas used as fuel.
(b) During summers, the CNG connections and cylinder need to be checked because
the gas expands due to heat and if there would be any leakage then it would cause
fire in the vehicle.
(c) Shreya showed the value of concerned citizens and morally responsible
behaviour.
