Mabini College Inc.

College of Criminal Justice Education

Daet, Camarines Norte

Name:__________________________ Course:____________________
Year&Block:____________________ Schedule:__________________

CRIM4 – Professional Conduct and Ethical Standard

CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS

1. PRIMORDIAL POLICE RESPONSIBILITY - the primary • responsibility of the police is
crime prevention.
 The primary responsibility of any police officer is to prevent crime before it happens. This
means their role is not just to respond after a crime is committed but to actively work to
reduce the chances of crime occurring in the first place. This can be done through visible
patrolling, community engagement, education, and collaboration with the public. Preventing
crime helps maintain peace and order and builds trust between the police and the community.
2. LIMITATION OF POLICE Authority - laws set limits to the power of the police, police
officers are not exempted from obeying the laws they are enforcing.
 Police officers are not above the law. While they are granted powers to enforce laws and
maintain peace, those powers are limited by the same laws they enforce. Officers must
respect individual rights, follow legal procedures, and never misuse their authority. Any
abuse or overreach can lead to legal consequences and loss of public trust.

3. KNOWLEDGE OF THE LAW AND OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES

- Police officers are expected to know and understand the laws they are enforcing
- Police officers must fully understand their duties and responsibilities as police officers
- Police officers must know and fully understand the relationship of the PNP organization with other
law enforcement agencies and other government agencies. To ensure the coordination and
cooperation in fulfilling public safety duties.
4. USE OF PROPER MEANS TO OBTAIN PROPER ENDS - police officers must only employ
legal methods in the conduct of their work.
 Even if the goal is to catch a criminal or solve a case, police officers must only use legal
and ethical methods. Using shortcuts, unlawful practices, or abuse of power may lead to the
dismissal of a case or violation of human rights. The end does not justify the means if the
process violates laws or ethical standards.
1. COOPERATION WITH PUBLIC OFFICIALS - police officers must cooperate with other
public officials and government agencies.

 Police work is not done in isolation. Officers must maintain harmonious and professional
relationships with other government officials and agencies. Effective law enforcement often
requires coordination with prosecutors, judges, social workers, and local government units.
Cooperation enhances service delivery and ensures a united approach to public safety.

1
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

2. PROPER CONDUCT AND BEHAVIOR - police officers. must always observe proper
conduct and behavior both in their personal and official life.

 Police officers must always demonstrate discipline, integrity, and professionalism, both
while on duty and in their personal lives. Since they serve as role models and public figures,
any misconduct—even off-duty—can reflect poorly on the entire police organization. Proper
conduct includes being respectful, honest, courteous, and lawful.

3. CONDUCT TOWARDS THE COMMUNITY - police officers must never forget that they are
public servants.

 Police officers are public servants, and their duty is to serve and protect the people. They
should treat every individual with respect, fairness, and dignity, regardless of social status,
race, or background. Positive community relationships improve public cooperation and trust
in the police.
4. CONDUCT IN ARRESTING LAW VIOLATORS - police officers must always adhere to the
prescribed rules when effecting arrests of suspects.
 When arresting individuals, officers must strictly follow legal procedures, including
informing suspects of their rights (Miranda doctrine), using only necessary force, and
avoiding any form of abuse or humiliation. Proper arrest procedures protect the rights of the
accused and maintain the integrity of the criminal justice process.
5. FIRMNESS IN REFUSING GIFTS - police officers must never ask for nor accept gifts or
special favors.
 Police officers must never ask for or accept gifts, bribes, or special favors in exchange for
services or protection. Accepting gifts can lead to corruption, bias, and loss of integrity.
Officers must maintain their independence and objectivity and uphold the principle that
justice cannot be bought.
6. IMPARTIAL PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE - police officers must be fair in presenting
evidence.
 During investigations and in court, police officers must present evidence fairly and without
bias. They should not manipulate, hide, or fabricate evidence to influence the outcome of a
case. Their responsibility is to ensure that the truth comes out and that justice is served,
whether or not it supports the prosecution or the defense.

7. ATTITUDE TOWARDS POLICE PROFESSION - police officers must have a high regard
for the police profession and must be proud that they are police officers; police officers must
strive to, improve their knowledge and skills in order be the best police officers that they can be.

 A good police officer must take pride in their profession and continuously strive to become
better at their job. This includes:
 Embracing the values of honesty, service, and discipline.
 Seeking professional growth through training and education.

2
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

 Treating the police profession not just as a job, but as a calling to serve the public with
dedication and excellence.

PNP CORE VALUES

1. Love of God – emphasizes of spiritual grounding in life. Evry police officer belief in higher
power. It reminds that true service must be rooted in morality and divine guidance. Strengthens their
commitment to justice, integrity and human dignity.
2. Respect for Authority – respect the chain of command
3. Selfless Love and Service to People – essence of policing is SERVANTHOOD – deep genuine
concern to the people even if requires personal sacrifice.
4. Sanctity of Marriage and Respect for Women – respect his family and treat every woman
without discrimination or bias.
5. Responsible Dominion and Stewardship over Material Things.
6. Truthfulness

PNP STAND OF BASIC ISSUES

1. PNP IMAGE - PNP shall live in accordance with the PNP Core Values and shall possess the
following virtues:
a. HONOR – cornerstone of police professionalism. Always upholding one’s dignity and reputation.
Stand with tall and pride, integrity, fairness and justice.
b. INTEGRITY- act honestly in all situation. Remain truthful, transparent and ethical.
c. VALOR - ability to sacrifice life and limbs for the sake of country. Highest form of bravery.
Willingness to sacrifice one’s life for the protection of others.
d. JUSTICE- ensure that all individual are treated equally.
e. HONESTY - ability to keep the truth. Foundation of trust in any profession
f. HUMILITY - service without arrogance. It requires to treat others with respect. You are not
superior to those they serve. You need to understand that your role is on service.
g. CHARITY - ability to help the needy. You must be willing to help those in need.
h. LOYALTY TO SERVICE- means dedication to the mission of law enforcement. Prioritize the
needs of people and community.

1. CAREER MANAGEMENT - the PNP shall formulate and implement policies and human
resources development system for all PNP personnel, from recruitment to retirement.

 This system focuses on ensuring that each officer receives proper training, development, and
opportunities for growth throughout their career. It includes recruitment policies, career
progression plans, professional development, and a system for addressing performance
reviews. The PNP ensures that all officers are prepared for the challenges of police work,
continually improving their skills and knowledge as they advance in their careers.

3
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

3. POLICE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP - the primary basis for consideration in the selection
of personnel for employment and deployment shall be the individual's capabilities and competent
leadership.

 Leadership is a fundamental component of effective police management. Competent

leadership and capabilities should be the primary criteria for selecting individuals for
employment and deployment within the PNP. The selection process is based on an officer's
leadership potential, proven track record, and ability to handle responsibilities. It is not
based on rank or connections, but on the individual’s skills, performance, and
commitment to the service. Police leadership should always demonstrate integrity,
professionalism, and a deep commitment to serving the public and the force.

2. EQUALITY IN THE SERVICE - there shall be judicious and equitable distribution of

opportunity to prove one's worth in the PNP service; the PNP shall strictly adhere to the rule
of merit and fitness system.

 Every police officer, regardless of rank or background, must be given a fair chance to prove
their worth and progress in the organization. Opportunities for promotions, assignments, and
training should be based on merit and fitness, ensuring that individuals with the right
capabilities and qualifications are the ones chosen for leadership and operational roles.

3. DELICADEZA - all members of the PNP must have moral courage to sacrifice self-
interest.
 when faced with temptations or conflicts of interest. PNP members must have the moral
courage to make decisions that benefit the service and the public

6. POLICE LIFESTYLE - the PNP shall endeavor to promote a lifestyle that is acceptable and
respectable in the eyes of the public because the public expects a police officer to live a simple, yet
dignified life.
Note: SIMPLE LIVING means Public officials and employees and their families shall lead
modest lives appropriate to their positions and income.
 This principle, known as Simple Living, underscores the importance of setting a good
example for the public. Police officers are not just law enforcers; they are also role models
in society. Their personal lifestyle should promote humility, modesty, and respect,
showing the public that they are dedicated to serving rather than seeking personal gain or
luxury.

4. POLITICAL PATRONAGE - all PNP members must inhibit themselves from soliciting
political patronage in matters pertaining to assignments, promotions, trainings and awards.

 Police officers must avoid any form of political patronage. This means refraining from
seeking influence or favors from political figures for things such as promotions,
assignments, or training opportunities. The principle of neutrality in political matters
ensures that the police force remains unbiased and free from political influence, allowing
them to serve the public impartially. Officers should focus on their duty and advancement
based on merit and performance, not on political connections.

4
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

8. HUMAN RIGHTS - all PNP members shall respect and protect human dignity and man's rights
to life, liberty and property.

 The PNP’s commitment to human rights is fundamental. Every police officer is tasked with
respecting and protecting the dignity of every individual. Officers are bound to uphold the
rights to life, liberty, and property, ensuring that all actions taken are in accordance with the
law and international human rights standards. Respecting human rights means treating all
individuals with fairness, regardless of their background, status, or the crime they are
accused of, ensuring due process is followed and torture, discrimination, and unjust
treatment are avoided.

PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

Sec. 1. Standards of Police Professionalism - PNP members shall perform their duties with
integrity, intelligence, competence in the application of specialized skill and technical knowledge
with excellence and expertise.
 Police officers are expected to be skilled, honest, and knowledgeable professionals.

Sec. 2. Police Professional Conduct

1.1. Commitment to Democracy - Uniformed PNP members shall commit themselves to the
democratic way of life and values and maintain the principle of public accountability. They
shall at all times uphold the Constitution and be loyal to our country, people and organization
above their loyalty to any person.
 Police officers must remain loyal to:
 The Philippine Constitution,
 The country and its people, and
 The PNP organization
1.2. Commitment to Public Interest – PNP members shall always uphold public interest over and
above personal interest. All government properties, resources and powers of their respective
offices must be employed and used effectively, honestly and efficiently, particularly to avoid
wastage of public funds and revenues. PNP members must avoid and prevent the
“malversation” of human resources, government time, property and funds.

 PNP members should always put public interest before personal gain. This includes:
 Using government time, funds, property, and resources honestly and efficiently,
 Avoiding waste and misuse (also called malversation) of any public resource.

1.3. Non-Partisanship - PNP members shall provide services to everyone without discrimination
regardless of party affiliation in accordance with existing laws and regulations.
 Police services must be given equally to everyone, regardless of political beliefs or
affiliations. Officers must stay neutral and not favor any political party or candidate.
5
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

1.4. Physical Fitness and Health - PNP members shall strive to be physically and mentally fit and in
good health at all times. Toward this end, they shall undergo regular physical exercises and
annual medical examination in any PNP Hospital or Medical facility and actively participate in
the Physical Fitness and Sports Development Program of the PNP.

 Officers must be physically and mentally fit to handle the demands of police work. This
includes:
 Regular physical exercise,
 Annual medical checkups, and
 Active participation in the PNP’s fitness programs.

1.5. Secrecy Discipline - PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified information
against unauthorized disclosure, including confidential aspects of official business, special
orders, communications and other documents, roster or any portion thereof, contents of criminal
records, identities of persons who may have given information to the police in confidence and
other classified information or intelligence material.

 PNP members must protect confidential information, including:

 Criminal records,
 Identities of informants,
 Classified reports, orders, and communications.
Unauthorized sharing of sensitive info is a serious violation.

1.6. Social Awareness - PNP members and their immediate family members shall be encouraged to
actively get involved in the religious, social and civic activities to enhance the image of the
organization without affecting their official duties.

 PNP members (and their families) are encouraged to:

 Join religious, civic, or social activities,
 Improve the public image of the police,
 Stay engaged with the community — as long as it does not interfere with official duties.

1.7. Non-Solicitation of Patronage – PNP members shall seek self-improvement through career
development and shall not directly or indirectly solicit influence or recommendation from
politicians, high ranking government officials, prominent citizens, persons affiliated with civic
or religious organizations with regard to their assignments, promotions, transfer or those of
other members of the force, nor shall they initiate any petition to be prepared and presented by
citizens in their behalf. Moreover, they shall advise their immediate relatives not to interfere in
the activities of the police service particularly in the assignment and reassignment of personnel.

 Officers should earn promotions and assignments through merit, not through:
6
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

 Political favors,
 Influence from powerful people, or
 Petitions by relatives or friends.

1.8. Proper Care and Use of Public Property - PNP members shall promote and maintain sense of
responsibility in the protection, proper care and judicious disposition and use of public.

 Officers must treat government property (e.g., firearms, vehicles, office equipment) with
care and responsibility, using them only for official purposes.

1.9. Respect for Human Rights - In the performance of duty, PNP members shall respect and protect
human dignity and uphold the human rights of all persons.

 PNP members must:

 Protect the dignity and rights of all persons,
 Avoid using excessive force or violating the rights of suspects or civilians,
 Follow the law and human rights standards in all actions.

1.10. Devotion of Duty - PNP members shall perform their duties with dedication, thoroughness,
efficiency, enthusiasm, determination, and manifest concern for public welfare, and shall refrain
from engaging in any activity which shall be in conflict with their duties as public servants.

 Officers must avoid conflicts of interest in performing their duties.

2.11. Conservation of Natural Resources - PNP members shall help in the development and
conservation of our natural resources for ecological balance and posterity as these are the inalienable
heritage of our people.
 Police officers should also support environmental protection by:

 Avoiding actions that harm nature,

 Helping preserve forests, water, and other natural resources for future generations.
1.11. Discipline – PNP members shall conduct themselves properly at all times in keeping with the
rules and regulations of the organization.

 PNP members must:

 Follow the rules and regulations of the organization,
 Show professional behavior in all situations,
 Maintain self-control and orderly conduct.

1.12. Loyalty - PNP members shall be loyal to the Constitution and the police service as manifested
by their loyalty to their superiors, peers and subordinates as well.

7
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

 Loyalty means:
 Faithfulness to the Constitution and police service,
 Supporting superiors, peers, and subordinates,
 Upholding unity and teamwork within the organization.

1.13. Obedience to Superiors - PNP members shall obey lawful orders of and be courteous to
superior officers and other appropriate authorities.

 Officers must:

 Follow lawful orders from their superiors,

 Maintain respect and courtesy towards authority,
 Understand the importance of the chain of command.

2.15. Command Responsibility - In accordance with the Doctrine on Command Responsibility,

immediate Commanders/Directors shall be responsible for the effective supervision, control and
direction of their personnel.
 Leaders in the PNP are responsible for the actions and performance of their personnel.
This includes:

 Proper supervision,
 Control and direction,
 Accountability for what their team does.
Sec. 3. Ethical Standards - Ethical Standards shall refer to established and generally accepted moral
values. Ethical acts to be observed are the following:
3.1. Morality - PNP members shall adhere to high standard of morality and decency and shall set
good examples for others to follow.
 Officers must:

 Be morally upright and decent,

 Set an example in their personal and professional lives,
 Reflect values such as honesty, responsibility, and humility.
3.2. Judicious Use of Authority - PNP members shall exercise proper and legitimate use of authority
in the performance of duty.
 Police officers should use their powers:

 Responsibly, fairly, and legally,

 Without abusing their authority or acting on personal bias.
8
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

3.3. Integrity - PNP members shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest
practices in accordance with the provisions of RA 6713 and other applicable laws.
 Police officers must:

 Avoid being involved in corruption or dishonest activities,

 Remain truthful and incorruptible, in line with RA 6713 (Code of Conduct for Public
Officials).
3.4. Justice - PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the rights of others so that they can
fulfill their duties an exercise their rights as human beings, parents, children, citizens, workers,
leaders, or in other capacities and to see to it that others do likewise.
 PNP members must:

 Treat everyone fairly,

 Respect the rights of others in all their roles (as citizens, workers, parents, etc.),
 Promote equal treatment under the law.
3.5. Humility - PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not the
masters of the people and toward this end, they should perform their duties without arrogance. They
should also recognize their own inadequacies, inabilities and limitations as individuals and perform
their duties without attracting attention or expecting the applause of others.
 Police officers should:

 Recognize that they are servants of the people, not their masters,
 Be modest and respectful, not arrogant or boastful,
 Acknowledge their limitations and avoid seeking praise or attention.

3.6. Orderliness - PNP members shall follow logical procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to
them to minimize waste in the use of time, money and effort.
 Officers should:

 Follow logical and efficient procedures in their work,

 Avoid wasting time, money, or resources,
 Keep their tasks organized and systematic.

3.7. Perseverance - Once a decision is made, all PNP member shall take legitimate means to achieve
the goal even in the face of internal or external difficulties, and despite anything which might
weaken their resolve in the course of time. Once a task or decision is made,
 police officers must:
9
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

 Stay committed and focused,

 Work through challenges or difficulties,
 Never give up, even when things get tough.

CRIM4 – Professional Conduct and Ethical Standard

Module 5
Final, 2nd Semester SY 2024-2025

UNIT 5
TOPIC : Police Community Relation

Overview
This units focuses on the Police Community Relations (PCR) is the collaborative effort
between the police force and the community to create a safer and more harmonious environment.
The primary goal of PCR is to build trust, understanding, and cooperation between law enforcement
officers and the public. By engaging with the community, police can address issues more effectively,
prevent crime, and improve the quality of life for citizens. Key components of PCR include
communication, transparency, accountability, and mutual respect. It focuses on community
involvement, listening to concerns, and working together to solve problems. Ultimately, PCR helps
foster a sense of security, reduces the likelihood of conflicts, and ensures that law enforcement meets
the needs of the community it serves.

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this unit, learners are expected to:
1. Understand the importance of community engagement, trust-building, and communication in
fostering positive police-community relations.
2. recognize the social, cultural, and economic factors that impact community-police
interactions and the role of diversity in shaping PCR efforts.
3. understand the value of partnerships between police, local government, and the community to
collectively address crime and social issues.

IMPORTANT TERMS
POLICE – a group of persons established, maintained and organized for keeping order, safety,
protection of lives and property and for prevention and detection of crimes.
COMMUNITY
- Refers to the civilian populace or the public in general, and shall be used interchangeably with
the terms, public, citizenry, society and private sector.
- A body of people organized into political, municipal or social unity or a body of persons living
in the same locality.
10
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

- Derived from the Latin words, communis, which means common, and tatis which means
fellowship.
 Refers to the civilian populace or the public in general

o This means the people who live in a certain area and are not part of the police or
military.
o The terms public, citizenry, society, and private sector can all be used to mean the
community.

 A body of people organized into political, municipal, or social unity

o A community can also mean a group of people who are connected by living in the
same town, city, or area, or who are united by shared interests or values.

 Derived from Latin: communis (common) and tatis (fellowship)

o This shows that the word "community" comes from Latin roots that mean sharing
things in common and having a sense of belonging or fellowship. Block F.

POLICE COMMUNITY-RELATIONS
- The sum total of the dealing between the police and the people its serves, and whose goodwill
and cooperation it craves, for the greatest possible efficiency in the service.

 This means every interaction (big or small) between the police and the public affects how
well they work together.
 The police need the trust and cooperation of the community to do their job effectively.
 Good relationships help in preventing crime, solving cases, and creating a safe, peaceful
society.
 Refers to the reciprocal attitudes of the police and the community.
 This points to mutual respect and trust.
 It's not just how the police treat the community—but also how the community views and
treats the police.
 Positive attitudes on both sides lead to stronger cooperation and better results in law
enforcement.

PUBLIC RELATIONS – the act of bringing about better understanding, confidence and
acceptance for an individual organization.
 Public Relations is about making people understand and trust an individual or group by
showing them in a positive and truthful way.

POLICE PUBLIC RELATIONS – the continuing process by which endeavors are made to obtain
the goodwill and cooperation of the public for effective enforcement of the law and accomplishment
of the police purposes.
11
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

 Key Points:

 It is a continuous process, not a one-time event.

 It focuses on building trust, communication, and positive relationships.
 Success in policing is not possible without public support—people must trust the police,
follow the law, and be willing to help (e.g., report crimes or testify).
 It includes community programs, public education, media relations, and transparent
communication.

HUMAN RELATIONS – consist of the fundamental rules both moral and legal, which govern the
relationship of men in all aspects of life.
 Human relations are the basic rules and principles, both moral (what is right and
wrong) and legal (based on law), that guide how people treat each other and interact
in all areas of life—at work, in the community, at home, etc.

MEDIA/MAMSS MEDIA
- The channels through which information is disseminated to the public
- May be in the form of television, movies, radio or newspaper, and the like
- Media refers to the various channels or tools used to deliver information, news, or
entertainment to the general public.

PROPAGANDA – the planned use of mass communication for public purpose.

 Propaganda is the deliberate and strategic use of mass communication (like TV,
radio, newspapers, or social media) to influence public opinion or behavior—usually
for a specific purpose or agenda.

POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE – refers to how the people in the community perceive or regard the
police.

 Police Public Image is how the community sees, thinks about, and feels toward the
police.
It reflects the overall perception the public has based on:

- Police behavior and performance

- Media portrayal
- Personal experiences and community stories
- Communication and transparency
-

PRINCIPLE OF POLICING BY SIR ROBERT PEEL

1. The basic mission for which police exist is to prevent crime and disorder as an alternative to the
repression of crime and disorder by military force and severity of legal punishment.

12
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

 Prevention over repression: The police should focus on preventing crime and disorder,
rather than punishing or using military force. This principle highlights the importance
of proactive law enforcement, such as community engagement and crime prevention
strategies, over reactive measures.

2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police
existence, actions, and behavior and the ability of the police to secure and maintain public respect.
 Dependent on public support: Police must act in ways that earn and maintain the
public’s approval. Their actions should be respectful, transparent, and accountable to
ensure that people trust and cooperate with them. Public confidence is the foundation of
effective policing.

3. The police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to
be able to secure and maintain public respect.
 Willing cooperation: The police cannot enforce laws effectively without the
cooperation of the public. This cooperation should be voluntary, not forced, and is
achieved through community involvement and positive relationships with citizens.

4. The degree of the cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately the
necessity for the use of physical force and the compulsion in achieving police objectives.
 Minimize physical force: The more cooperation the police receive, the less they need
to use force. The principle calls for persuasion, advice, and warnings before physical
force is used, emphasizing that force should always be a last resort.

5. The police seek and preserve public favor, not by catering to public opinion, but by constantly
demonstrating absolutely impartial service to the law, in complete independence of policy, and
without regard to the justice or injustice of the substance of individual laws; by ready offering of
individual service and friendship to all members of society without regard to their race or social
standing, by ready exercise of courtesy and friendly good humor, and by ready offering of individual
sacrifice in protecting and preserving life.
 Impartial service: Police should seek public favor by acting with complete
impartiality, integrity, and courtesy. They must serve all citizens equally, regardless
of their social status, race, or background. The goal is to build trust and show that the
police are there to protect and serve everyone.

6. The police should use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to
restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient to
achieve police objectives; and police should use only the minimum degree of physical force that is
necessary on any particular occasion for achieving police objectives.
 Limit use of force: Physical force should only be used when necessary, and even then, it
should be minimal. The use of force should be carefully measured against the situation,
and persuasion or other methods should always be tried first.

13
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

7. The police at all times should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the
historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police are only
members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties that are incumbent on every
citizen in the intent of community welfare.
 Community as partners: The police are part of the public. Their role is not to be
separate from the community but to be integrated into it. This principle emphasizes
that police are public servants, working for the common welfare and safety of society.

8. The police should always direct their actions toward their functions and never appear to usurp the
powers of the judiciary by avenging individuals or the state, or authoritatively judging guilt or
punishing the guilty.
 No usurpation of judicial power: The police should not act as judge, jury, or
executioner. Their role is to enforce the law, not to decide guilt or punish criminals.
Judicial power lies with the courts, not the police.

9. The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police
action in dealing with them.
 Measured by absence of crime: The effectiveness of the police is not determined by
how often they make arrests or take action, but by how successfully they prevent crime
and maintain order without needing visible intervention. A crime-free environment is
the true test of effective policing.

FOUNDATION OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS - The foundation of community relations is

EFFICIENT SERVICE.
 The foundation of community relations being efficient service highlights that effective
relationships between the police and the public are built on the quality and efficiency of
the services provided by law enforcement.

REQUIREMENTS FOR GOOD COMMUNITY RELATIONS

1. Sincerity in serving the public - What it means: Police officers must be genuinely
committed to serving the public’s best interests. This sincerity means they should be honest,
empathetic, and dedicated to helping people, not just fulfilling a duty for the sake of it.
2. Full knowledge of the job - What it means: Police officers must be well-trained and
knowledgeable about their duties, laws, policies, and procedures. This also includes an
understanding of the local community, its concerns, and issues.
3. Deep conviction in the mobility of his work as a necessary service to promote individual or
national welfare - What it means: Police officers should have a strong belief in the value of
their work, understanding it as critical to the well-being of individuals and the nation. They
should view their role not as a job, but as a service to society.
4. Sound police ethics - What it means: Police officers must adhere to high ethical standards
—being honest, fair, and transparent in their actions. This includes respect for human
rights, avoiding corruption, and maintaining integrity at all times.
14
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

5. High standard of management and operation - What it means: Effective community relations
require that police departments are well-organized, efficient, and have strong leadership.
This includes clear policies, procedures, and proper management structures to ensure that the
department functions smoothly.

THREE (3) ASPECTS OF POLICE-COMMUNITY

RELATIONS
1. COMMUNITY SERVICE activities that provide service to the community may be in the form of
medical-dental mission, sports clinic, feeding programs, seminars, etc.
 What it means: These are activities carried out by the police or law enforcement to
directly benefit the community. The goal is to provide support to the public in various
forms, whether through healthcare, education, or social welfare.

Examples:
 Medical-Dental Missions: Police organizing free health services for underserved
communities.
 Sports Clinics: Providing opportunities for youth to engage in healthy activities, often
promoting teamwork, discipline, and positive relationships with law enforcement.
 Feeding Programs: Assisting in providing food to low-income families.
 Seminars/Workshops: Educating the public on important issues, such as crime prevention,
safety, and legal rights.

2. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
- involvement of the community in the various social projects, particularly, in the area of crime
prevention.
 ensures that law enforcement doesn’t act in isolation but in collaboration with the people
it serves. When the community is involved in preventing crime, it strengthens trust and
makes policing more effective.

- awareness of the community of their role in crime prevention

3. PUBLIC RELATIONS
- activities directed at creating and maintaining favorable impressions to the public.
- projection of the police public image to the people to gain their support and cooperation.
 Public relations helps build a strong foundation of trust and cooperation between law
enforcement and the community. When people have a good impression of the police,
they are more likely to support their efforts and cooperate in crime prevention and
maintaining order.

15
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

OBJECTIVES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS

1. To maintain and develop the goodwill and confidence of the community for the police;
2. To obtain cooperation and assistance;
3. To develop public understanding and support and appreciation for the service of the police;
4. To create broader understanding and sympathy with the problems and needs of the police;
5. To facilitate law enforcement and compliance;
6. To build public opinion in favor of the police;
7. To achieve the police purpose of preserving the peace, protection of life and property, and the
prevention of crime.

PRINCIPLES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS

1. Community support must be maintained.
2. Community resentment must be avoided
3. Community goodwill must be developed.
4. Community must be kept informed.

THE POLICE OFFICER’S INDIVIDUAL AND PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS

CATEGORIES OF INDIVIDUAL PUBLIC RELATIONS

1. DOMESTIC RELATIONS - Police Officer's dealing with his family, parents and immediate
relatives.
2. NEIGHBORHOOD RELATIONS - Police Officer's dealing with his neighbors.
3. COMMUNITY RELATIONS - Police Officers' dealing with citizens of the community, city or
town where he lives, and his membership or contribution to the civic organization or community
associations in the locality.
4. CHURCH RELATIONS - Police Officer's dealings with the religious congregation or faith where
he belongs.
5. GOVERNMENT RELATIONS - Police Officer's dealings with the government and its
instrumentalities.

16
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

CATEGORIES OF PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS

1. INTRA-DEPARTMENTAL RELATIONS – Police Officers relations with men and women in his
own department, superiors, the station commanders as well as the city or municipality mayors where
he is assigned.
2. INTER-DEPARTMENTAL RELATIONS - Police Officers relations with other police agencies.
3. CITIZENS' RELATIONS - includes all dealings or contacts with the citizens in relation to the
enforcement of the law and maintenance of peace and order, together with the giving of information
to the public of criminal and non- criminal activities.
4. COMPLAINANTS' RELATION - includes a police officer's dealings with complaints, the
techniques of interviews, manner of approach, and treatment of witnesses, as well as in formers or
assets.
5. RELATION WITH ACCUSED PERSONS - consists of proper treatment of suspects, the
recognition of their constitutional rights during custodial investigation and the handling of accused
persons during confinement.
6. RELATIONS WITH THE STATE PROSECUTORS OR FISCALS - includes a peace officer's
duty to cooperate during preliminary investigations and gatherings of further evidence when so
recovered by the fiscal.
7. JUDICIAL RELATIONS - consists of peace officer's duties towards the courts when appearing as
witnesses and honesty in testimony.
8. GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS - includes his dealings- with other non-police agencies of the
government both national and local; in connection with official duties such as request for
verification, coordination, or whatever help are needed.

FOUR (4) GENERAL APPROACHES IN POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS

1. EXTERNALLY-ORIENTED. APPROACH - directed towards the general public or various
enclaves within the society.
2. YOUTH-ORIENTED APPROACH - directed the majority of police efforts towards the youth of
the community.
3. SERVICE-ORIENTED APPROACH - emphasis is given to the alleviation of social problems as
the basic objective of the program.
4. INTERNALLY-ORIENTED APPROACH - essential* characteristics is the realization that the
officer on beat creates community relations because 'Every officer of the organization is a police-
community relations officer.

TYPES OF POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS

17
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

1. PUBLIC INFORMATION PROGRAM - designed to bridge the communication gap between the
police and the public.
FORMS OF MEDIA USED
a. PERSONAL MEDIA - consists of face-to-face communication, such as meetings, rallies,
delivering speeches and house-to-house visitation
b. MASS MEDIA - includes printed matter and audio-visual communications
2. PUBLIC RELATIONS PROGRAM - designed to maintain harmony and mutual support between
the police and the community; designed to "sell' the police to the public.
3. CIVIC ACTION PROGRAM - designed to maintain and encourage community development.
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL PROGRAM - designed to condition both friendly and hostile public,
ensuring the facilitation of the attainment of police objectives.

DUTIES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER

1. He shall issue press releases from time to time regarding police activities which are of public
concern
2. He shall build good image through actual commendable performance, without inefficiency and
corruption; and
3. He shall evaluate public opinion and attitude with respect to policies, methods and personnel of
the police station.

DUTIES OF CIVIC ACTION OFFICER

1. He shall encourage and actively participate in athletic competitions to promote youth development
by wisely coordinating with the social elements of the populace;
He shall initiate fund-raising campaigns for juvenile delinquents who are being rehabilitated;
3. He shall be alert to safeguard the community against loss and damages to properties and possible
death, in the events of calamity;
4. He shall render possible assistance, especially to the men folk in enabling them to obtain the
means of productive endeavors and discourage them from loitering in the street or engaging
uneconomic activities, such as illegal gambling and others.

MEASURES TO ENHANCE POLICE PUBLIC IMAGE

1. increased police visibility through the dispersal of personnel from the headquarters to the field
offices;
2. efficient and optimized delivery of police services to the communities;

18
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards
 Mabini College Inc.
College of Criminal Justice Education
Daet, Camarines Norte

3. constant dialogue and meetings with the barangay officials in their respective territorial
jurisdictions;
4. Community service-oriented policing by conducting seminars for the traffic aides, police aides and
the barangay tanod; and
5. Coordination with the media for image enhancing projects.

ASSIGNMENT/PROGRESS CHECK
ESSAY: Utilization of additional sheet of paper if necessary is permissible. Rubrics of your essay is
attached and found in the next page of this module.
1. What is the main purpose of the police in relation to the community?
2. Define Police Community Relations (PCR) and explain its significance in maintaining public
trust.
3. How does "Community" relate to the role of the police in society?
4. What are the core principles of Sir Robert Peel’s policing philosophy?
5. How does the principle of "The test of police efficiency" define the success of policing?
6. How should police officers maintain professional relationships with their families, neighbors,
and community?
7. How can the police use media to improve community relations?
8. What is the role of public information programs in bridging the gap between the police and
the community?

19
PCol. Adelene Maghinay Florendo, PNP (Ret) PSSgt Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo, 2020 Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards