Your Roll Number:

M.A./[Link]. Mathematics Examination, November 2019

Part II Semester III
MATH14-301(A): Algebraic Topology
Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

Instructions: " Write your roll number on the top immediately on receipt
of question paper Section A is compulsory. Attempt two questions from
each of Sections B andC.

Section A

(1) (a) Let f:I ’ X be a path and 0 = to < tË <:. < ln = l be a

partition of I. For each i = 1,2,...,n, letg, be the composition
of the linear homeomorphism I i-1, t;] with fli-1,t4]. Show
that f(gi *g2 *) *gn rel {0, 1}.
(b) Let p: ~’ X be a covering map and i¬p'(0), zo E X. 3)
Show that p :(X, i) ’ m(X,To) is a monomorphism.
(c) Let To be an interior point of D². Find (D²-{o}). (4)
(a) Letp:X ’ Xbe a coveringmap. If Xis locally path-connected, (4)
prove that each point of X has a path-connected nbd which is
evenly covered byp.

Section B

(2) (a) Define the notions of deformation retract and strong deformation E
retract. Give an example of a deformation retract of a space that
is not a strong deformation retract. Justify your claims.
(b) Suppose f. gand h are paths in a space Xsuch that f(1) = g(0)
and g(1) = h(0). Show that (f * g) *h~f* (g *h) rel {0, 1}.
(c) Show that, for odd positive integers n, the identity map on S (3)
is homotopic to the antipodal map.

(3) (a) Let Xbe a path-connected space. Show that r(X, to) n(X,a1)
for any two points to, T1 E X.
(b) Define the degree of a loop in S' based at 1. Show that two (5]
loops in S' based at 1l are homotopic rel {0, 1} if and only if they
have the same degree.
(c) If d, :X’Y are homotopic maps, prove that the induced ho
momorphisms oy : (X, zo) ’ (Y, o(zo))and y : 7(X,zo) ’
m(Y, V(o))differ by an isomorphism.
(4) (a) Determine the fundamental group of S" for n >2. (3]
 -2

that.
(b) If A is a strong deformation retract of X and zo ¬ A, prove [4
(X, zo) n(4, zo). Use it to deduce R? R'
(c) Define the degree of acontinuous map S' ’S'. Show that two (7]
continuous maps of S' into itself are homotopic if and only if the
have the same degree.
Section C

(5) (a) Suppose that g : Z ’ Y and p: Y ’ X are covering maps, If

p'()is finite for every z E X, prove that the composite pa is
a covering map.
(b) Show that, for every positive integer n, the mapping p, :S! ’
S,z+ z, is a covering map. 5)
(c) Let p:X’X be covering map,where both X and X are path 4
connected and locally path-connected. Prove that the subgroups
PuT (X, i) m(X, To), ~ ¬ p(o), constitute a conjugacy
class in m(X, To).

(6) (a) Let p: X ’ X be covering map. State and prove either The
|10]
Homotopy Lifting Property of p or The Lifting Theorem for con
tinuous maps from a connected and locally path-connected Y
into X.
(b) Does there exist an antipodes preserving continuous map S ’
S? Justify your assertion.

(7) (a) If p: X ’ X is a regular covering map, where both X and

X are path-connected and locally path-connected, show that the
group A(p) acts transitively on the fibers p ( )for every z ¬ X.
Deduce that X X/A(p).
(b) If a discrete group G acts freely and properly on a connected
space X, prove that the orbit map X ’ X/Gis a regular cover
ing map.
 Your Roll Number:

Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi

M.A./[Link]. Mathematics Examinations, Nov-Dec 2019
Part II Semester III
MATH14-301(B): Representation Theory Of Finite Groups

Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

Instructions: Write your roll number on the space provided at the top of
this page immediately on receipt of this question paper Sec A is compulsory "
Attempt any two questions each from Sec Band Sec C" AIl questions carry
equal marks Throughout this question paperG will denote a finite group and F
a scalar field.

Section A

(1) (a) Let V = F and G= Cz = (a: a² = 1). For (a, B) E V, defineis the
action by (a, B)1 = (a, B) and (a, 3)a = (B, a). Show that V an
FG-module and also find all FG-submodules of V. (2+3]
irreducible
(b) When G is a group of order 8, find the dimensions of all the
CG-modules. 3)
1then
(c) Let V be a CG-module with character y. Prove that if (u, y) =
Vis irreducible. (3]
is an
(d) Show that for any character x of G and any element g E G, x(g)
integer if x(g) is a rationai number. (3j
Section B

g ¬ G, for some
(2) (a) Prove that the representations of the form g ’ gla,other and also any
basis B of an FG-module V, are equivalent to each
FG-moudule in
two equivalent representations of G arise from some
this way. Illustrate this through an example when G= C&. (4+3)
Define the submodule
(b) Let V and W are isomorphic FG-modules.
Vo = {v E V: vg = v for all g¬ G} of FG-modules. Vand similarly the
submodule W of. W. Prove that Vo Wo as Is the
permutation module for the subgroup G of S generated by (1,2) and
Justify (3+4]
(3, 4) over F, isomorphic to the regular FG-module.
sum of irreducible CG
(3) (a) Prove that if the regular CG-module is a direct isomorphic to one of
submodules, then every irreducible CG-module is
the direct summands.
there exists a
(b) Show that the centre Z(G) of a group G is cyclic if has
faithful irreducible CG-module. Give an example of a group which
no faithful irreducible CG-module. [5+2]
 Theory Of Finite Groups -2
MATH14-301 (B): Representation

two distinct val

(a) Define a regular character. Prove that it takes only linear
(4) it for S3 and express it as a
ues on the whole of G. Evaluate the group. (2+4+4]
combination of the irreducible characters of
(b) Show that x(g) is a sum of roots
of unity and hence show that x(a-!)
CG-module
and x is a character of a
x(g), when g ¬ G is any element (2+2)
SectionC

show that (Xreg, X) = X(1) 2)

(5) (a) Let x be a character of G. Then
are isomorphic if and only if they have
(b) Prove that two CG-modules
same characters. (2+4|
a group G form a basis of the
(c) Prove that the irreducible characters of
vector space of all class functions
on G. (6]
characters of the group S; in S.
(6) (a) Determine the lifts of all irreducible (4
symmetric group of
(b) Determine the complete character table of the (10|
degree 5.
order p,where p is a prime
(7) (a) If the group G has a conjugacy class of not simple. 19
number and r >l an integer then show that Gis
G. Prove that product
(b) Define product of two characters of a groupG is a character which is
of
of an irreducible and a linear character
irreducible. {1+4)
 Your Roll Number:

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, îNIVERSITY OF DELHI

Nov-Dec. 2019
M.A./[Link]. Mathematics Examinations,
Part II Semester III
MATH14-301(C): COMMUTATIVE ALGEBRA

Maximum Marks: 70
Time: 3 hours

Instructions: Write your roll number on the space provided at the top
paper. " Throughout
of this page immediately on receipt of this questioncommutative ring with
the question paper the word ring" or R shall mean
nonzero identity. Question 1 is compulsory.

(1) Attempt any four questions.

(a) Let mË, m2, m, be pairwise comaximal ideals in R. Show
that n m, = I M;. (3.5 Marks
(b) Let Rbe a local ring. Show that there exists a prime ideal
pe Spec( R) such that R Rg. (3.5 Marks)
(c) Let B be a valuation ring of a field K. Show that B is a local
Iing. [3.5 Marks
(d) Let R be an Artin local ring and m be its maximal ideal such
that dim_(m/m) = 1, where k =R/m. Show that every ideal
in R is principal. 3.5 Marks
(e) Show that in a Dedekind domain Devery nonzero ideal has a
unique factorisation as a product of prime ideals. [3.5 Marks
Section A
(Answer any two questions)

(2) (a) Show that the contraction of a maximal ideal m of RI|z]| is a

maximal ideal of R and mn is generated by m° and z. {5 Marks
(b) Show that the nilradical of R is the intersection of all prime ideals
of R. |5 Marks]
(c) Let Ibe an irreducible ideal of R. Show that I is primary. [4 Marks
(3) (a) Let R be a discrete valuation ring. Show that R is Noetherian
one dimensional local domain. (5 Marks
(b) Let mË, m2, . ,m, be maximal ideals in R such that | m; =
0. Show that R is Noetherian if and only if R is
Artinian. [5 Marks
(c) Show that in an Artin ring R, the nilradical nilpotent.
is [4 Marks]
(4) (a) Let M be a module over a
local ring R and | , T2, ·,Tn E M
be such that their images in
M/mM forms a basis of M/mM
 - 2
MATH14-301(C):Commutative Algebra

the maximal ideal of R.

as a vector space over R/m, where m (5 Marks]
Show that c1,c2,...,Ln generates M.
generated R-modules
(b) Let R be a local ring and M, N be finitely =0 or N= 0. 5 Marks
such that MOR N=0. Show that either M
ring is Artinian. (4 Marks)
(c) Show that every zero dimensional Noetherian
Section B
(Answer any two questions)

domain R and let T be

(5) (a) Let S be a multiplicative closed set in a
field of R. Show
the image of S in K, where K is the quotient
that T-lK gt(S-R), where gt(S-'R) denotes the quotient 5 Marks
field of S-'R.
Show that S is
(b) Let S be a multiplicative closed set in a ring R. 5 Marks)
saturated if and only if R\S is a union of prime ideals.
Suppose that
(c) Let S be a multiplicative closed set in a ring R. Show that
M' ’ M ’ M" an exact sequence of R-modules.
the sequence S-M ’ S-M ’ S-M" is
exact. [4 Marks
primary decom
(6) (a) State and prove the first uniqueness theorem of 5 Marks
position of an irreducible ideal.
4,t> is
(b) Show that m =< 2,t> is a maximal ideal in Z[t and < 5 Marks)
m-primary but is not a power of m.
is not a
(c) Give an example of an integrally closed domain that [4 Marks]
field. Justify also.
k-algebra. Show
(7) (a) Let k be a field and B be a finitely generated
that if B is a field then it is algebraic extension of k. 5 Marks]
(b) State and prove Going down theorem. (6Marks)
the
(c) Let AC B be rings such that B is integral over A. Show that
Jacobson radical of A is the contraction of the Jacobson radical
of B. (3 Marks
Roll Nunber:

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

M.A./[Link]. Mathematics End-semester Examinations, December 2019
MATH14-302(A) : FOURIER ANALYSIS
Maximum Marks: 70
Time: 3 hours

Instructions:
at the top of this page iin1mediately after
"Write your roll number on the space provided
receiving this question paper.
"Section -Iis compulsory.
each of the Section II and Section - III.
"Attempt any two questions from
" Allquestions carry equal marks.

Section -I
Marks distribution : 3+4+3+4
Question - 1
(a) Let f(r) = e-,,zER. Show that for z E
R, (f* f)() = / e .
sin( ("4 )4)
K,(t) is Fejer kernel in (T),
L' then show that K, (t) = n+1 sin()
(b) If

z4 if z E [1,4) Find the Haar integral of f.

(c) Let G=R\{0} and f(r) =
if z¬ G\[1,4)
of integer modulo 3. Compute the
(d) Let G= {R' x Z' x Z3}, where Z3 is the group
dual group of G. Justify your answer.
Section - II (Attempt any two questions)
Marks distribution : 4+5+5
Question - 2
(a) If fE L'(T), show that limjn-o f(n) =0.
4
(b) Show that n=l i
(c) Let fE L'(R) and F(z) = f(t) dt. Assuning that F ¬ L' (R), show that
izf(3) =f(:), for z eR.
Marks distribution : 4+4+6
Question - 3
that f* k ’ f in L'(R) as
(a) Let fka} be a summability kernel in L'(R). Show
|A|’ 0.
R, show that f = 0 a.c.
(b) If fE L'(R) is such that f() = 0for every :¬
function f on T whose Fourier series diverges.
(c) Show that tlhere exists a continuous

P.T.0.
-1
 MATH14 - 302(A) FOURIERANALYSIS -2 -

Marks distribution : 5+4+5

Question - 4
support. Show that |fl2 =
(a) Letf:R ’R be a continuous function with compact

(b) Show that the set {f E L' (R) |F has conpact support} is dense in L'(R).
(c) Show that L'(T) is a commutative Banach algebra under convolution.

Section - III (Attempt ainy two questions)

Question-5 Marks distribution : 4+4+6

(a) Let F be a conpact subset of a topological group G, and let U be an open set in G
such that FCU. Show that there is a neighbourlhood V of the identity e in Gsuch
that(FV)U(VF) U.
(b) Let G be a topological group and let f be a continuous function on G vanishing at
infinity. Show that f is uniformly continuous.
(c) Let G be a locally compact group with left Haar measure. Show that L(G) is
commutative if and only if G is abelian.

Question - 6 Marks distribution : 6+4+4

(a) For a locally compact topological group G, show that if L' (G) has multiplicative
ide1tity with respect to convolution, then G is discrete.

(b) For a locally compact abelian group G, show that the A-topology and the P-topology
are equal.

(c) Let G= R. Show that the dual group of Gcan be identifed with R.
Question -7 Marks distribution : 4+5+5
(a) Let Gbe a compact abelian group, and let Ybe a subgroup of the dual group G
such that Y separates points of G. Show that Y =@.
(b) For a locally compact abelian group G, give a continuous isomorphismn of G into G.
Justify your answer.
(c) For a locally conpact group G, let f E L'(G) and hy() =
Jeslr)x(r)dr, for
7EG. Show that every non-zero complex homomorphisn of L'(G) is of the
h, for some y E G. form
 Your Roll Number:

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, ÜNIVERSITY OF DELHI

M. A./M. Sc. Mathematics Examinations, Nov/Dec 2019
MATH14-302(B): MATRIX ANALYSIS
Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

Instructions: " This paper is divided into three sections. Question 1 is

compulsory. " All symbols have their usual meaning unless otherwise specified.

Section A
(Answer Allquestions)
(1) (a) Is O(1; 1) a compact subgroup of GL(2; R)? Justify. (3 Marks)
(b) Give an example of a vector norm| | for which ||A|| < p(A) (3 Marks]
form some A M,.
(c) Use the Ger\gorin disc theorem to show that the matrix A has (3Marks)
distinct eigenvalues, where

A= 1/2 4 i/2
1 0 7

(d) Let AE M, be doubly sub-stochastic. Show that there is a (3 Marks]

doubly stochastic matrix S¬ M, such that A < S.
(e) Let AeM, benonnegative. Show that p(Ã) < p(A), where A [2 Marks
is a principal submatrix of A.

Section B
(Answer any Two questions)
(1) (a) Define the symplectic group S,(n; R). Show that A E S,(n; R) [7 Marks
if and only if A-1 = -NAN for some NE Man(R). Also, prove
that S,(n; R) is a matrix Lie group.
(b) Show that for each n>1, SL(n; C) is connected. (7 Marks)

(2) (a) Let A= aj ag anE M, be partitioned according to [4 Marks]

its columns and define N(A) = llalloc Is Noo:) a matrix
norm? Justify.
(b) Show that the maximum row sum matrix norm defined on M,, (C) [4 Marks]
is induced by the o-norm on C.
(c) Let AE M, be given. Show that [6 Marks]

p(A) =inf{||A|| : || ||| is an induced matrix norm}.

and |||lla and ||| |ls [4 Marks)
(3) (a) Let || |e and || ll be norms on C",norms on M,. Show that
denote their respective induced matrix
 2
MATH14-302(B): Matrix Analysis

RaBRoa =1if and only if llzll, = cllzllafor some c >0and all

(b) Let | | | | |be a matrix norm on M, and A E M,. If ||A||| <1, (4 Marks]
show that
|||Z|| (ZI| 1)||4||
s |l|(I- A)-|| < 1- ||A|||
I|Z|| +||A|||
(c) Let A= a;l ¬M, and assume that > 2. Show that the (6 Marks]
eigenvalues of A lie in the region
UzeC: |2-alle-a|< R{(A)R(A)},
which is contained in the set U{z EC: |z-a| SR{(A)}.

Section C
(Answer any Two questions)

(4) (a) Let AE M,(C) be positive semidefinite and r= rank(A). Prove 8 Marks]
that for k= 2,3, there is a unique positive semidefinite ma
trix B such that B* = A. Also show that there is a polynomial p
with real coefficients such that B = p(A).
(b) Suppose that the ordered singular values of A, BE M,(C) be [6 Marks)
o1(A) >¡z(A) >> on(A) and o1 (B) > oz(B) >> on(B).
Prove that Re tr(AB)< lO;(A)o:(B).
(5) (a) Let A, BEMp. Further, let B is positive semidefinite and each [4Marks)
main diagonal entry of B is positive. If Ais positive definite, then
show that the Schur product AoB is positivedefinite.
(b) Discuss the procedure that identify a nearest singular matrix to (4 Marks)
a given nonsingular matrix? Is it unique? Justify your assertion.
(c) State and prove Minkowski's determinant inequality. (6 Marks]
(6) (a) Suppose that the algebraic multiplicity of p(A) as an eigenvalue of [8 Marks]
a positive matrix A E M,(C) is 1. If z and y are the right and left
Perron vectors of A, then show that lim,nop(A)-A)m= ry'.
(b) Let A = a] ¬ M, be a doubly stochastic matrix and A # I. (6 Marks]
Show that there is a permutation g of {1,2, · ,7n} that is not
the identity permutation and satisfying T aio() > 0.
 Your Roll Number:

DEPARTMENT oF MATHEMATICS, UNIVERSITY OF DELII

M.A./[Link]. Mathematics Examinations, 2019
Part II Semester III
MATH14 302(C): THEORY OF BOUNDED OPERATORS
Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

Instructions: " Write your roll number on the space provided at the top of this
page immediately on receipt of this question paper. This question paper has
three sections. " Section A is compulsory. " Answer two questions frorn Section
B and two questions from Section C. " All symbols have usual meaning.

Section A (Attempt all parts; 2 x 7 marks = 14 marks)

(1) Give an example with a brief justification, for each of thefollowing: [14 Marks
(a) A compact operator with infinite dimensional range.
(b) A bounded linear operator T such that o(T) C (0, o).
(c) A bounded operator T which has no eigen values.
(d) Twoprojections whose sum is a projection.
(e) Two positive operators whose product is not positive.
(f) A partial isometry which is not an isometry.
(g) A sequence of compact operators whose limit in the strong operator
topology is not compact.
Section B (Answer any two questions; 2 x 14 marks = 28 marks)
(2) (a) Show that given any compact set KcC, there is a Hilbert space H (6 Marks
and a bounded linear operator T on H such that o(T) == K.
(b) What is meant by the approximate point spectrum oap (T) of a bounded 3 Marks
linear operator defined on a Hilbert space H. Show that avp(T) is a
closed set.
5 Marks
(c) State the Spectral Mapping Theorem for Polynomials for operators
on Hilbert spaces. Use it to determine the spectrum of an orthogonal
projection P defined on a complex Hilbert space H. F1rther, compute
Op(P) and ocomp(P).
(3) Let T be a bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space H.
[7 Marks
(a) Show that if T is a compact operator on a Hilbert space H then TS
and ST are compact operators for every bounded operator S defined
on H. Conversely, if TS is compAct, is it necessary that at least one
of T, S must be compact? Justify.
[7 Marks)
(b) If T is the Hilbert adjoint of T, show that (i) TT is compact if and
only if T is compact (ii) T is compact if and only T is compact. Hence
or otherwise deduce that if S is a compact operator on H satistying
TT< S*S then T is compact.
T : ' ’ ' given by Tr = (5 Marks]
(4) (a) Determine whether or not the operator
(To, 0, T2, 0,...) where (T0, T|,T2,...) E is compact. Justify
your answer.
space H is compact [5 Marks
(b) Show that if the operator T defined on a Hilbert
{(Tin} is (norm)
and {Z,}cH is a weakly convergent sequence then
convergent.
 - 2
MATH14 302(C):Theory of Bounded Operators

Define Tr := (I, y) z. (4 Marks

(C) Let H be a Hilbert space and v.z¬ H befxed.
Is T comnpact? Justify.
Section C(Answer any two questions: 2x 14 marks = 28 marks)
(5) LetT:H’ H, be a bounded self adjoint operator on a complex Hilbert
space H.
(4 Marks]
(a) Show that o(T) C m, M) where m = infil=1(Iu, r) and M =
SuP|zl|=1 (Tz, r).
(b) Show further that o(T) c [0, oo) if and only if T is positive. Hence or [4 Marks
otherwise prove that (I +T*T) exists as a bounded operator on H.
(c) Show that if T is positive and S is a positive operator commuting with [6 Marks
T then ST is also positive.

(6) (a) State and prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the sum of [5 Marks
two projections to be a projection. Further, determine the range of
the sum projection in terms of the ranges of the two given projections.
(b) Let {P}be a monotone increasing sequence of projections Pn on a [4 Marks]
Hilbert space H. Show that there is a unique projection P defined on
H such that P, is strongly convergent to P.
(c) Let Y be a closed subspace of a Hilbert space H, P be the orthogonal (5 Marks]
projection of H onto Y and T be a bounded linear operator on H.
Show that TP = PT if and only if T(Y) c Y and T(Yt) cyt.
(7) (a) Let W be a partial isometry on a Hilbert space H. Show that (i) The
initial space and final space of W are both closed; (ii) W* is also a
[6 Marks
partial isometry. Find the initial and final spaces of W*.
(b) Show that *W is a projection if W is a partial isometry.
(c) Show that every operator T on a finite dimensional Hilbert
(2 Marks]
can be written as A = UP, where U is a unitary space [6 Marks
operator. Is this
decomposition unique?
 Your Roll Number:

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, UNIVBRSITY OF DELHI

M.A./[Link]. Mathematics Examinations, December 2017
MATH14-303(A): ADVANCED COMPLEX ANALYSIS
Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

Instructions: Write your roll number on the space provided at the top of
this page immediately on receipt of this question paper. "Answer all parts
at the same place. All symbols have their usual meaning unless otherwise
specified.

Section A
(Answer all questions)
(1) (a) Show that f: a, b) ’ Ris convex if, for a <I<u<y<b (3 Marks)
f(u)-f() < f(y)-0)
y

(b) Let G be an open subset of C. If f} is a sequence in H(G), (3 Marks]

and f E C(G, C) such that fn +f then show that f is analytic.
(c) If |z<l and p>0 then prove that |1 - E(z) <|zp+1. [3 Marks)
(d) Deduce the maximum principle for analytic functions from the
(3 Marks
maximum principle for harmonic functions.
(e) If an entire function f satisfies |f(z)l <1 + |z|'/2 for all z ¬ C, (2 Marks
then show that f is a constant.

Section B
(Answer any Two questions)
f: G ’ Cis [6 Marks
(2) (a) Let G = {T + iy : a < r < b, y E R}, and for all z E G amd
continuous and f is analytic in G. If If(z)|< 1
YZEG z)|K2then show that |f(2)l<1 for all z e G.
condition for a (8 Marks]
(b) State and prove the Montel Theorem. Deduce a
set FC H(G) to be compact.
[6 Marks
(3) (a) Show that C(G,) is a complete metric space.
cannected region and (S Marks)
(b) Let D be the unit disk in C, Ga simply
G#C. If a¬ Gthen show that the family
F={fe H(G): f is one-to-one, f(a) =0, f'(a) >0, f(G) cD}
is non-empty and.F= FU{0}.
Factorization Theorem. Apply it to find [6 Marks]
(4) (a) State the Weierstrass of sin Z. Hence or otherwise
the infinite product representation
show that =II=l i:
Zn converges to a non [5 Marks]
(b) Let Rez, > 0, n > 1. Prove
that II
 2
MATH14-303(A): Advanced Complex Analysis

zero number if and only if the series> log z converges.

(c) Show that JIR()=+ (3 Marks]

SectionC
(Answer any Two questions)

(5) (a) Let y be a rectifiable curve and K a

compact set such that [6 Marks
Knf} = 0. Iff is continuous on fy} andE > 0, show that
such
there is a rational function R(z) having all its poles on {}
that
f(w) dw R(2) <; for all z¬ K.
a) =0 for [4 Marks
(b) Let G be an open connected subset of . Let n(y; Show
every closed rectifiable curve y in G and every a E C\G.
that Coo\G is connected.
B(a; R), and
(c) If u: B(a; R) ’ R is continuous, harmonic in the
[4 Marks]
u>0then for0 <r < R and all establish following
inequality
R-Tula) < ula + re") < R+r u(a).
R+r R-r

continuous real valued [6 Marks

(6) (a) Let Gbe a region, and let u and v be two
functions on G which have the MVP. If for each point a E ô,G,
u(z) < v(z)
lim sup,e ilz) < lim inf,o v(z) show that eitier
for all zEG or u =U.
Show that the Dirich [8 Marks
(b) What do you mean by Dirichlet Problem?
let Problem can be solved for the unit disk.

f:G-C\ {0, 1} an analytic. {6 Marks

(7) (a) Let G be simply connected and function gon Gsuch
an
function. Show that there is analytic
that
f(z) = -exp(ir cosh[2g(z)])
and g(G) contains no disk of radius 1.
(b) State and prove the Bloch Theorem. [8 Marks]
 Your Roll Number:

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS. UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

M.A./[Link]. Matlhematics Examinations. November-Decenber 2019
Part ll Semester III(For Ex-Students)
MATH14-304(B): COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Time: 3 hours Maxinum Marks: 70

Instructions: " Write your roll munber on the space provided at the top of this
page immediately on receipt of this question paper Answer any five of the following
questions " Each questioncarries 14marks as mentioned within brackets." Syrnbols
have their usual meaning. " Use of scientific calculator only for doing nunerical
calculations is allowed in this examination.

(1) Defne explicit and an impicit fnite diference scheme. Give one explicit
and one implicit scheme for the equation u, t au, =0, where a and b are
positive constants. Discuss consistency, stability and convergence to each of
thcsc schencs. 3+4+7
(2) Derive the Peaceman-Rachford ADI method for two-dimensional heat con
duction equation u = Uar t Uyy: Find the solution of the two dimensional
heat conduction equations

subject to the initial condition

u(z,y.0) =sin(a)sin(ry), 0<z,y <i
and the boundary condition
u= 0 on the boundary, t >0
using the Peaceman-Rachford ADI method with h = and A and inte
grate for one tine step. (6+8]

(3) For the boundary value problem

Vu= ugy t Uyy = 4,Jz < 1, y <1
u=0 on the boundary
Write a five point and nine point difference formulation with mesh h in both
directions. Solve the difference equations exactly for h =. (ö+8]
onedimensional un
(4) Derive explicit finite volune discretized equation of
steady hcat conduction cquation:
OT
+S

At a certaiu time
Athin plate is initially at a uniforn te1perature 400C.
plate is suddenly reduced
t= 0, the temperature of the east side of the explicit finite volume
to 0°C. The other surface is insulated. Use 3-node to calculate the tran
method in conjunction with a suitable tine step size
at time t= 40s. Recalculate the
sient tenperaturc distribution of the slab
limit given by Atin this
numerical solution using a time step size equal to the
thermal conductivity k=
method. The data are: plate thickness L = 2enn, (G+8]
10W/m/k, pc = 10x 10°J/m/k.
 2
MATH14-304(B):Conputational Fluid Dynanics

convection
Assess central and hybrid difference schenes for one-dimensional steady
(5) differencing scheme to discretize
diffusion problem. Use power-law
one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation. [8+6]
charts.
(6) Describe SIMPLE AND
SIMPLER algorithms with the aid of flow their
volume. scalar control volume and
Draw u-control volume, v-control
the convective fluxes per unit
neighbouring velocity components. Calculate and v control volumes cell
D at the u
mass F and diffusive conductence (6+8]
faces.
cylindrical finwith uniforim cross-sectional
(7) Consider a suitable geometry ofa of 100°C(T)and the end is
insulated.
area A. The base is at a tenperature temperature of 20°C. One-dimensional
The fin is exposed to an ambient
heat transfer in this situation is governed by
hP(T -To) =0
dz da.
coefficient, P the perineter, k the
where h is the conductive heat transfer
the ambient temperature. Use
thermal conductivity of the material and Toocontrol volumes to calculate the
five
a uniform grid and divide domain into that: n² = hP/(kA). L is
temperature distribution along the fin. It is given fin, L = lm, hP/(kA) =
along the
the length of the fin and z is the distance [14]
25/m².(note that kA is constant )
 Your Roll Number:

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, UNVERSITY OF DELHI

M.A./[Link]. Mathematics End Semester Examinations, December, 2019
Part II Semester III
MATHl4-304(C): COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR ODES
Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70
Instructions: Writeyour roll number on the space provided at thetop of this page immediately
on receipt of this question paper. " This question paper has three sections. " Section A is
compulsory. " Attempt ay two questions cach from Section B and Section C. " Throughout
the
is
paper notations have their usual meaning. " Use of non programmable scientific calculator
allowed. " Take all the values correct to four decimal places.

SECTION A (Attempt all) (14 marks)

(1) (a) Given the equation y' = + siny with y(0) = 1l show that it is sufficient to use Euler |2
method with step length h = 0.2 to compute y(0.2) with error less than 0.05.
(b) Consider a two parameter family of linear two step methods given by i3
yn+2 -(1+ a)yn+ + ayn = h|(1 + B)fn+2 -(a + B+ aß)fn+1 + aBfn)
where a 0 and B are free parameters for the numerical solution of first order initial
value problem. What will be the order of the above method? Justify.
(c) Derive region of absolute stability of the Euler Cauchy second order method for the 3
solution of the problem y' = Ay, y(ro) =Y0, A<0 is a constant.
3
(d) Find the range of o so that the roots of the characteristic equation of the difference
equation

(1- 9a)yn+3 -(1+ 19a)yn+2 + 5ayn+1 - ayn = 0

are less than one in magnitude.
(e) For the boundary value problem 3
2 5
1<z<2, y(1) = 1, y(2) =2
consider a second order method and replace the above problem by a set of difference
equation with h= 0.25. Write these equations in matrix form.
SECTION B (Attempt any two) (28 marks)

(2) (a) Define order of a numerical scheme. Show that the order of the linear multistep |l+37
method

uj +1 + (a - 1)uj - au,-1 = (a + 3)u, t+ (3a + 1)u,-l

is 2 if a # -1 and is 3 if a = -1. Find the values of a for which the root condition
holds.
(b) Consider the problem u' = f(t, u), u(to) = u0. Derive the Adam's Bashtorth method
of order 3 for the solution of the above problem.
(3) (a) Derive a family of explicit RK methods of order 2 tor the solution of a tirst order 7

initial value problem.

(b) Compute an approximation to u(1), u'(1), u"(1) with Taylor series method of second |7|
order and step length h = 0.5 for the initial value problem
u" + 2u" + u' u= cOst, 0<t<l, u(0) =0, u(0) = I, u"(0) =?
after reducing to a system of first order equations.
 MATH14-304(C):Computational Methods for ODEs 2

(4) (a) Consider u'= t'+ u, u(1) =2. Estimate u(1.2) with h = 0.1 using Adams Moulton (8]
third order method. Use Newton Raphson method to solve the non-linear difference
equation upto two iteration.
(b) Use classical fourth order RK method to find the numerical solution at z = 0.8 for [6)
dy = Ve+y. y(0.4) = 0.41
dr
assuming step length of 0.2.
SECTION C (Attempt any two ) (28 marks)
[8|
(5) (a) Consider the problem
-u" +p(r)u' + glz)u=r(z), a<z<b, ula) = Y, u(b) = 2, g(z) > Q. >0
and central difference scheme for its numerical approximation. If mesh spacing satisty
p(:)| <1 then show that
Ma + 2P* M3 j=0, 1, ..., N
12Q.
max([Link]|P()|, M3 =
where y; is the numerical solution and y(;) is the exact solution, P* =
max(a.b|l3'()|, M, = maxa,b|ly ()|.
flt, u), y(to) = y0. Let u" be a sequence of approximations of uj+l
(m) [6]
(b) Consider
obtained by a PECE method defined by

P : u a j - 1+h)i-1
i=1 i=1

k
u=)aquj-i+1 +h) bifjit1 + hbof(tj+1,u )
1=1 i=l

(1)
If (tj+1, u) < L (for all u near uj+1 including u ,u . ) , where L satisfies
the condition L < 1/|hbo|, then show that the sequence {u; converges to uj+l.

(6) (a) Solve the boundary value problem

utu =1, 0< r <1, u(0) = 0, u(1) =0
using Ritz finite element method with linear piecewise polynomial for three elements.
(b) Apply Galerkin finite element method using linear shape functions to the boundary (7|
value problem
-u'(z) = f(), 0 <I<l, u(0) = 0 =u(1)
lor four elements. Determine A, U and b so that the resultimg systemn of equations
is of the form AU = b.

(7) (a) Consider a boundary value problem [9]

u"= f(z, u), asz<b, agu(a) - aju(a) = 1, bou(b) + b u(b) =2
where apa, >0, lao +\a1l0, , bo bË >0, bol + b1l 0and laol + lbol #0 and
derive a fourth order accurate numerical scheme for its numerical approximation.
(b) Given pl) = C(s -1) where pis the first characteristic polynomial, find the implicit (5)
method and write the method explicitly.
 Your Roll Number:

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

M.A./[Link]. Mathematics Examination, November-December 2019
Part II Semester III
MATH14-304(D): MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING

Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

Instructions: " Write your roll number on the space provided at the top of this page
immediately on receipt of this question paper. "This question paper has three sections.
" Section A is compulsory. Answer any Three questions from Section B. " Answer
any Two questions from Section C." Use of calculator is allowed.

Section A
(1) (a) Consider the problem (2]
Minimize f()
s.t. g:() <0,i= 1,2,...
h,(¢) = 0,j = 1,2, ..m
where f, g1,i = 1, 2,...r, hj,j=1,2,...m are defined on R" and have continu
order sufficient conditions
second
ous second order partial derivatives. State
local minimizer.
for a feasible point to be a strict
in Q.1(a). What do you mean 3)
(b) Define Lagrangian for the problem considered
by saddle point of the Lagrangian?
(c) Solve the following problem geometrically
Minimize z' +y
s.t a'+ (y-1)' <1.
convex set. State the projection 3)
(d) Define projection of a point onto a closed
inequality for a closed convex set.
convex simplex method and when is it
(e) What is the stopping criteria in the
attained?

Section B (Answer any two questions.)

defined on an open set CR said to 8
(2) (a) When is a function f: U ’ R that the function
differentiable function at a point in U? Show
be Fréchet
f : R ' R defined as
if (z, y) (0,0),
j(e, y) = z +ye
l0, if (z, y) = (0, 0).
but not Fréchet differentiable at (0,0).
is Gâteaux differentiable at (0,0) the function
the nature of critical points of
(b) Find the critical points and
f(z.y) erty-2-3u2.
qualification for the problem considered in (7
linear constraint
(3) (a) Define Concave Fritz John point is a
Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT)
Q. 1(a). Alsoprove that a qualification at that
concave linear constraint
point if the problem satisfies
point. the epigraph of f
R" ’ R is convex if and only if
(b) Prove that a function f:
set in IR+1
1S a convex
 -2
MATH14-304(D):Mathematical Programming

intC. Prove that there exists

(4) (a) Let C CR be a nonempty convex set and k d
through ã and C is contained in one of the closed half
a hyperplane passing
spaces.
KKT points satisty
(b) Find the KKT points of the problem and identify which
the second-order necessary and sufficient conditions
Minimize z' + y
s.t. zy> 4, z> 0,y>0

Section C (Answer any two questions.)

(71
(5) (a) Consider the problem
(P) Minimize f(z)
s.t. g:(r)<0,i= 1, 2, ...
h,(z) < 0,j = 1,2, ...m
hË,j=1,2,...m are affine
where f, 9i, i = 1, 2, ...r are convex functions and constraint qualifica
functions defined on R". If inf(P) is finite and Slater's
tion hold then prove that there exists multiplier (A*, u) ¬ R x R" such
solution of
that (i) inf(P) = infeRn L(z, A",u); (ü) (A",u) is an optimal
the dual problem (D); (ii) inf(P) = sup (D).
(b) Using Lagrangian duality find the dual of the problem
Minimize 2z1 + 3T2
s.t. 3z1- T2 >0

(6) (a) Explain Wolfe's method to solve the problem

Maximize z = (Q, T) + (c, z)
s.t. Az=b,z >0
is an m X n
where Q is n x n symmetric negative semidefinite matrix, A
matrix and b is m × 1 vector.
(b) Use convex simplex method to solve the problem
Minimizez = + cz 4z1
s.t. z1 + 32 < 3

T1>0,T>0.
(7) (a) Consider the problem considered in Q.1(a) where each f, 9i, i = 1,2, ...r, hj, j =
1.2.... are continuous function on R. Let X be a nonempty set in R".
Let a be a continuous function on R and assume that for each u there is
E, E X such that 0(u) = f(z)+ pa(). Prove that
inf{f(z) : g(z) <0, h(z) = 0, z EX} > sup{0() : p>0}.
Also prove that f()is a nondecreasing functions of > 0, and (u) is a
nondecreasing function of u.
(b) Use Barrier function method to solve the problem
Minimize x
subject to >1
starting from the point z =0 with u=1, 3 =10 ande= 0.01.
 Your Roll Number:

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

M.A./[Link]. Mathematics Examinations, Dec. 2019
Part II Semester III
MATH14-304(E): METHODS OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS
Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

Instructions: " Write your roll number on the space provided at the top
of this page immediately on receipt of this question paper All the symbols
have their usual meaning unless otherwise mentioned.

Section A
(Answer all questions)
(1) (a) Find a two-term perturbation solution of u'tu = (1+ ¬),
u(0) = 0, 0 <e <<1. (2 Marks)
(b) Define reciprocal kernels and variational derivative. (2+2 Marks]
(c) Show that integral equation 20(z) = he(1+ o(t))dt has no 2Marks
real solution.

(d) Obtain an integral equation corresponding to IVP:

(3 Marks]
y t y +y=0; y(0) = 1, y(0) = 0.
(e) Use the Laplace transformation method to solve: (3 Marks

b() = sinz + 2 cos(z t)o(t)dt.

Section B
(Answer any two questions)

P, A) = 0, where
(2) (a) A physical system is described by a law f(E,respectively. Find
E, P, and A are energy, pressure, and area, 5 Marks]
dimensionless variables.
the equivalent physical law in terms of
(4 Marks]
(b) Show that regular perturbation fails on the BVP
y(1) = 1.
ey'+ (1+ e)y +y = 0, 0 <t<1, 0 <¬<<1, y(0) = 0, (5 Marks)
the functional
(c) Obtain the necessary condition for
F(z, y, z, Zz, zy Jdzdy,
have an extremum for a given
where R is some closed region, to
function z = z(,y).
if
are continuous in a, bl, and
(3) (a) If a(z) and B(z)
| (a(r)h(z) + 8()h (e) )dr = 0
 MATH14-304(E):METHODS OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS - 2

for every function h(a) e Di(a,b) such that h(a) = h(6) = 0,

then show that B(z) is differentiable, and B() =o(z) for all z
in (a,b]. 4 Marks
(b) Prove that differential of a differentiable functional is unique. (5 Marks
(c) Find the extremals of functional +y2 + 2ye)dz. (5 Marks]

(4) (a) Find the resolvent kernel for Volterra-type integral equation with
kernel K(z, t) = ez?-? (4 Marksl
(b) Show that Km(z, t) = [ K,(z,s) Km-r(8, t)ds,where r is apos (4 Marks)
itive integer less than m.
(c) Prove that eigenfunctions of a symmetric kernel corresponding
to different characteristic numbers are orthogonal. (6 Marks]
Section C
(Answer any two questions)

(5) (a) Obtain the solution of Abel's problem when j(z) = CyE. 5Marks
(b) Solve the integral equation [4 Marks]
o(z) - =A |(z cos t+t sin z+ cos zsint)o(t)dt.
(c) Use the Green's function to reduce the BVP: [5 Marks
y= Ay +e"; v(0) = y(/2) = 0;
to an integral equation.

(6) (a) Find the characteristic numbers and eigenfunctions of the homo
geneous integral equation if its kernel is of the form [7 Marks
sin (z +4) sin (t - ), 0<<t,
K(z, t) =
sin (t +) sin (z - ), ts< T.
(b) Soive the following integro-diferential equation: (7 Marks)
o() - o(z) +| (z-t)o()dt -Jo| o(t) dt = z, o(0) =-1.
(7) (a) Prove that the solution of Volterra integral equation [7 Marks]
d(z) = f() +A| K(z, t)ó(t)dt
is given by (z) = f(r) + AJo R(z, t;1)f(t)dt, where R(z,t; A)
is the resolvent kernel of the kernel K(z, t).
(b) Using the Hilbert-Schmidt theorem, solve the equation
(7 Marks
d(r) = 1 +À cos(z + t)o(t) dt.
Jo