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Fill the table given below by selecting the words or letters given above the table.
Note that some answers are used more than once, and some questions have multiple answers.
A. Adenine (A) B. Base C. Cytosine (C) D. DNA
F. Double helix G. Guanine (G) H. Hydrogen bond I. Radioactive isotope
J. Covalent bond K. Bacteriophage L. Protein M. Nucleic acid
N. Nucleotide O. Centrifuge P. Phosphate Q. Polynucleotide
R. RNA S. Sugar (pentose) T. Thymine (T) U. Uracil (U)
Statement Selected word/letter
1 The basic chemical unit of a nucleic acid
Protein?
2 The two kinds of nucleic acids
3 The three parts of every nucleotide Base, phosphate, sugar
4 A pair of these forms a “rung” in the DNA ladder
5 Used to “label” DNA and protein in experiments
6 The component of a bacteriophage (virus) that enters the host cell
7 Two alternating parts that form the nucleic acid “backbone”
8 The four bases in DNA A,T,C,G
9 The DNA base complementary to T Adenine
10 A virus that attacks bacteria Bacteriophage
11 The substance a phage leaves outside its host cell
12 Ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA Nucleic acid
13 Watson and Crick deduced the structure of this molecule
Dna
14 The DNA base complementary to G Cytosine
15 The sequence of these encodes DNA information
Nucleotides
16 Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of this and DNA RNA
17 The overall shape of a DNA molecule Double helix structure
18 Links adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide chain
19 Links a complementary pair of bases together
20 The four bases in RNA A,U,C,G
21 Two larger purine bases
22 A polymer of nucleotides
23 This part makes DNA an acid
24 These two bases form three hydrogen bonds
25 The amount of this in DNA equals the amount of thymine (T)
26 RNA base that is not in DNA U
27 Three smaller pyrimidine bases
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2. nucleotide, polynucleotide, sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, sugar-phosphate backbone,
pyrimidine bases, purine bases, thymine (T), adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), hydrogen bond,
complementary base pair, and double helix.
Exercise 2: 1. sugar-phosphate backbone 2. Phosphate group 3. sugar (deoxyribose) 4. Double helix 5.
complementary base pair 6. adenine (A) 7. guanine (G) 8. thymine (T) 9. hydrogen bond 10. cytosine (C)
11. nucleotide 12. Polynucleotide 13. pyrimidine bases 14. purine bases
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3. Reproduction and inheritance involve copying DNA instructions so that they can be passed to
the next generation. This process is carried out by DNA polymerases, enzymes that use each
strand of the DNA helix as a template on which to build a complementary strand.
Review DNA replication by completing the simplified diagrams that follow. The first diagram
shows the parent DNA molecule; label the nucleotides in the right-hand strand. Add five or six
nucleotides to the second diagram so that it shows the parent strands separating and being
used as templates. (Make sure you match complementary nucleotides correctly!) Complete the
third diagram so that it shows two completed daughter molecules of DNA.
Color the original DNA strands blue and the new strands gray.
4. This section describes some of the details of DNA replication. Look at the diagrams carefully and try to visualize
what is happening. (Web animations are very helpful too.) Once you think you understand the process, see if you
can match each of the numbers in the boxes on the diagram that follows with one of the lettered choices. Choices
may be used more than once.
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Summary of the key steps in the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. Study
the diagrams carefully, and then label the numbered parts and processes.
1. transcription 2. Translation 3. DNA 4. mRNA 5. RNA polymerase 6. amino acid 7. tRNA 8. anticodon
9. Large ribosomal subunit 10. initiator tRNA 11. Initiation 12. small ribosomal subunit 13. mRNA 14. start codon
15. polypeptide 16. peptide bond 17. elongation 18. codons 19. Termination 20. polypeptide 21. stop codon
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