1.

MATERIALS: Minimum Cover-Prestressed Cast-In-Place Concrete

Concrete Specified cover,

CONCRETE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY: exposure Member Reinforcement in.

Cast against and

For concrete density, W. between 90 and 160lb/ft3, E. is: permanently
All All
in contact with
E. = 33w.15/Ft (psi)
ground
For normalweight concrete with We = 145 lb/ft3, E. is: Slabs, joists, and
Exposed to
All
weather or 101 walls
E. = 57000 fc (psi) contact with 1-1/2
All other All
ground
REINFORCEMENT: Slabs, joists, and
All 3/4
walls
ASTM STANDARD INCH-POUND Not exposed
Primary
REINFORCING BARS to weather or
1-1/2
Beams, reinforcement
contact with
columns, Stirrups, ties,
ground
tension ties spirals, and
#3 0.11 0.376 0.375
hoops
#4 0.20 0.668 0.500
#5 0.31 1.043 0.625 Minimum cover for bundled bars must be at least the

#6 0.44 1.502 0.750 equivalent diameter of the bundle, but need not be larger
cast against and permanently
#7 0.60 2.044 0.875 than 2.0 in. For concrete

#8 0.79 2.670 1.000 exposed to earth, the minimum cover is 3.0 in.
#9 1.00 3.400 1.128
#10 1.27 4.303 1.270 2. GENERAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
#11 1.56 5.313 1.410
#14 2.25 7.65 1.693 BASIS OF DESIGN:
#18 4.00 13.60 2.257
Design Strength 2 Required Strength
AGGREGATES: 16.4.1 pM, 2 Mu pPn 2 Pu AVn 2 Vu
Nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate less or equal to: LOAD COMBINATIONS:
(a) 1/5 the narrowest dimension between sides of forms,
(b) 1/3 the depth of slab, and Primary
Load combination Equation lond
(c) ¾ the maximum clear spacing between bars.
= 1.4D (5.3.1a) D

CONCRETE PROTECTION FOR REINFORCEMENT: - 1.2D + 1.6Z + 0.5 (Z, or S or R) (5.3.1b)

= 1.2D + 1.6(Z, or S or R) + (1.0Z or 0.5W) (5.3.10) L, or Sor R

Minimum Cover in Nonprestressed Cast-In-Place Concrete
0.5(L, or S or R) (5.3.1d) W
Specified
Member Reinforcement cover, in. U=1.2D+1.0E + 1.01 + 0.: ([Link]) E
Concrete exposure
U=0.9D + 1.0W (5.3.1f)
Cast against and
All All
permanently in U=0.9D+ 1.0E (5.3.1g)
contact with ground
No. 6 through No.
Exceptions:
18 bars
Exposed to weather 1. Except for garages, areas of public assembly, and all
All No. bar, W31
or in contact with
D31 wire, and 1-1/2
ground
Of areas where L > 100 lb/ft2, the load factor on Lin
smaller
Equations 3.5.1c to 5.3.1e may be reduced to 0.5.
No. 14 and No. 18
1-1/2
bars U = 1.2D + 1.6(L, or 3 or R) + (0.5L or 0.5W)
Slabs, joists,
and walls No. 11 bar and U = 1.2D + 1. OW +
3/4 0.5L + 0.5(L, or S or R)
Not exposed to smaller
weather or in
U =1.2D + 1. 0E + 0.5L + 0.2S
Beams,
contact with ground Primary reinforce-
columns, 1-1/2 2. When Wis based on service level wind loads:
ment, stirrups, ties,
pedestals, and
spirals, and hoops U = 1.2D + 1. 6(L, or S or R) + (1. OL or 0.8W)
tension ties

U = 1.2D + 1.6W + 1.0L + 0.5(L, or S or R)

U = 0.9 D + 1.6W

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 D = Dead load
6=0.75+50(E+-0.002)
L = Live load
0.90
=
Roof Live load
= Snow load
Spiral
0.75
R = Rain load 6=0.65+83.33(&+-0.002)
W = Wind load Other
0.65
E Earthquake load
-ty 0.005
Other Loads:
Extreme Tension Steel Strain &+
1. The following loads, if present, are included with L.
Impact effects, concentrated live loads, Vehicular For deformed bars, Ety, is computed as fy/Es.
loads, Crane loads, Loads on hand rails, guardrails, and For Grade 60 deformed reinforcement, Ety 0.002.

vehicular barriers, and Vibration effects. For all prestressed reinforcement, Ety = 0.002.
2. Fluid Load, F, when present, must be included as follows:
a. Fis included with a factor of 1.4 in Eq. 5.3.1a. 3. CONTROL OF DEFLECTIONS ONE-WAY
b. Fis included with a factor of
1.2 in Eq. 5.3.1b to
SLABS AND BEAMS
5.3.1e, when F adds to the primary load.
c. F is included with a factor of 0. 9 in Eq. 5.3.1g, when F MINIMUM MEMBER THICKNESS/DEPTH:
is permanent and counteracts the effects primary load.
d. F is not included when it is permanent,
One-way slabs and beams, not supporting or attached to
and counteracts
partitions or other construction likely to be damaged by
the primary load.
large deflections, must meet minimum thickness
3. When lateral soil pressure, H, is present, it must be
requirements, unless deflections are computed.
included as follows:
For lightweight concrete with 90pcf _ Wc S
a. When H acts alone or adds to the effects of other
115pcf, multiply by (1.65 0.005wc) ≥ 1.09.
loads, H is included with a load factor of 1.6.
b. When H is permanent, and counteracts the effects of Minimum Thickness, h
other loads, H is included with a load factor of 0.9. Simple One end Both ends Cantileve
C. When H is not permanent, and counteracts the effects Membe Support continuou continuou
(psi)
of other loads, H is not included.
4. When the structure is subject to ice loads, or is in flood 40,000 1/25 1/30 1/35 1/12.5
Solid
zone, refer to ASCE 7 for the appropriate loads and load
one-
combinations. 60,000 1/20 1/24 1/28
way 1/10
5. For post-tensioned anchorage zone, a load factor of 1.2 Slab
75,000 1/17.5 1/21 1/24.5 1/8.7
must be applied to the jacking force.

Strength reduction factor o: Beams 40,000 1/20 1/23 1/26.3 1/10

or

Action or structural element Exceptions ribbed 60,000 1/16 1/18.5 1/21 1/8
Moment, axial force, or 0.65 to 0.9 Near ends of preten- one-
combined P-M (21.2.2) sioned members (21.2.3)
way
Shear 0.75 See 21.2.4 for structures 75,000 1/14 1/16.1 1/18.3
slabs 1/7
design for seismic

Torsion 0.75

Bearing 0.65
IMMEDIATE DEFLECTIONS ([Link]):
PT anchorage 1 0.85

Brackets and corbels 0.75 Ec = w.1533 /Ft (psi)

Strut and ties design
Chapter 23
per 0.75 Ec
= 57,000-/fe (psi,normat weight concrete)
Connections of precast 0.90 Effective moment of inertia, le, not to
exceed g:
members controlled by
tension yielding of steel
elements
le
Plain concrete 0.60

Anchor in concrete elements 0.45 to 0.75

(Chapter 17)

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 /2Bd(1+rald) + (r + 1)2 - (7+1)
B

For continuous members, the average of the values

le is LONG TERM DEFLECTIONS:
obtained for the critical positive and negative moment
sections. Immediate deflection: A,

For prismatic members, le may be computed at mid-span Additional long-term deflection: ALT= AsA,
for simple and continuous spans, and at supports for Total deflection: ATot# A, + A,T= (1+ A,)4,
cantilevers.

CRACKED MOMENT OF INERTIA:

o' is the ratio of A, to bd, at mid-span for simple and
Cracked transformed section is used to compute the cracked
continuous spans, and at support for cantilevers.
moment of inertia, Ter.
Table [Link].3Time-dependent factor for
Rectangular section with tension steel only:
sustained loads

Sustained load duration, months Time-dependent factor

1.0

6 1.2
12 1.4

60 or more 2.0

GROSS SECTION CRACKED TRANSFORMED SECTION

Computed deflections shall not exceed the values given in
Gross section moment of inertia is computed as: ACI Table 9.5(b)

bh3/12 Table 24.2.2-Maximum permissible calculated deflections

Deflection
Condition e considered limitation
Cracked moment of inertia is computed as: Member
Flatroofs r attachedto nonstructural elements likelyti
te deflection dne to maximmn of L. S, and i
Notsupporta
be derunzed by large deft 2/360

+ nA,(d - kd)2 Supporting ox attacbed to 1

structural e
(210/4
deflection dueto any additionallive

Depth to the neural axis, kd, is computed by taking to

cit of deflectioncalniatadto occur beforeatta

moment of areas about the neutral axis:

b V2Bd+1 -1
B and
nA, B
4. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
The modulus ratio is computed a n= Es/Ec
APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS:
E. = 29000ksi
Approximate moments and shears (6.5) may be used for design
For normal weight concrete E. = 57000/fc. where E.
of continuous beams and one-way slabs provided that:
and fc are in psi.
(a) Prismatic members,
• Rectangular section with compression reinforcement:
(b) Uniformly distributed loads,
(c) L ≤ 3D (unfactored),
(d) There are two or more spans, and

(e) The longer of two adjacent spans does not exceed the
shorter by more than 20%.

For negative moments, L, is the average of the clear lengths of

CRACKED TRANSFORMED SECTION adjacent spans.

GROSS SECTION

Cracked moment of inertial is computed as:

+ nA.(d kd ?+ (n - 1)4,(kd - d')2
I cr =
3

b (n - 1) As
B r
nAs nAs

Page 3
PhD, SE, PE
© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati,
ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
 Maximum strain at extreme concrete compression
-wh/9
0.003.

e, = 0.003(1 - 6. e, = 0.003 (C - 1
-wh/9 -wi/16
Stress in reinforcement is equal to E, times the steel strain.
Tension Force in tensile reinforcement is given by:

T. = Asfs = A,EgE, ≤ Asfy

Compression force in compression reinforcement is

given by:

C = AsS's = A'EgEs ≤ Asf,

Tensile strength of concrete is neglected in a reinforced

-v12/24
concrete section.
Spandrel-
Rectangular stress distribution has a uniformly distributed
win/2
stress of 0.85f' over depth a = B,c measured from
the extreme concrete compression fiber (10.2.7).
is the depth from extreme compression fiber to the
neutral axis.

B1 = 0.85 for 2500psi ≤ fe≤ 4000psi

ft-4000
P, = 0.85 - 0.05 for 4000psi < fo <
w16/11 1000

> B1 0.65 for 8000psi ≤ ft

0.85

0.80
wh/16
B1 0.75
0.70

#2/16 0.65

one-vey slabs with spans not exceeding 10 14, and 4,000 6,000 8,000
Deams With ZEo le/Lc >82Eg 1p/Lp.
Concrete fo
5. FLEXURE-BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS
GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND REQUIREMENTS:

DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS: Maximum strain at the extreme concrete compression fiber

is 0.003.
Strain IS proportional to the distance from the neutral axis.
The following three section types are identified in ACI
Table 21.2.2:
>
Compression-controlled section: Extreme
tension steel strain, Et, is less or equal to the
compression-controlled limit of Ety (Et $
0.002).
• Tension-controlled section: Extreme tension
steel strain, &q is greater or equal to 0.005
SECTION STRAIN COMPATIBILITY
(E, 2 0.005).

Section in a transition zone: Extreme tension

steel strain, Et, iS 0.002 < E. < 0.005.

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 Compression reinforcement may be used in conjunction
a = and M, = A,f,(d-7)
with tension reinforcement to increase section capacity
Nonprestressed flexural members with axial compressive
SECTION WITH COMPRESSION STEEL:
load less than 0.10ftAg must satisfy:
E, 2 0.004
Ecu =0.003,
When E, < 0.004, add compression reinforcement.

SECTION STRAIN COMPATIBILITY FORCE EQUILIBRIUM

Approximate Procedure 1: Use when ps $ 1.0%

SECTION
E+=0.004

STRAIN COMPATIBILITY
a =
0.85 f'.b
M,, = A,f,(d-5)
Depth of the equivalent stress block, a, is computed as: Approximate Procedure 2: Use when p, > 1. 0%

(A, - As)fy (As - As)fy

a a
0.85 fl.b
The depth from the extreme compression fiber to the neutral Exact Solution:

axis is computed as: B + VB2 + 4AC

C= A = 0.85 B f'b
(As - As)fy
C
B = Asfy - 87As C = 87A,d'

The extreme tension steel strain is computed as:

£; = 0.003 -1) 2 0.004 -

M, = A.f,(d-5)+4.f.(-d)
Substitute the expression for c into this equation to get:

(As - A)f, 3 T-BEAM SECTIONS:

0.85p1f bd
Maximum reinforcement can be computed from the following
Ecu =0.003
expression as:

A, - A,
≤ 0.364B1;
'7,
to the extreme tension steel.
Note that d is measured

NOMINAL FLEXURAL STRENGTH: SECTION STRAIN COMPATIBILITY FORCE EQUILIBRIUM

TENSION
RECTANGULAR SECTION WITH a = and M.,. = [Link](d -5)
REINFORCEMENT ONLY:
b) Depth of equivalent stress block, a, is larger than the depth
of beam flange.

be (b-by)/2

FORCE EQUILIBRIUM
SECTION STRAIN COMPATIBILITY

T, = Asly C. = 0.85f' ba + WEB

SECTION = FLANGE

Page 5
(C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.

 _0.85fth,(b, - b..) (4, - A.))f , For tension flanges in statically determinate members, bw
and
width.
is replaced with the smaller of 2b w and the flange
For structural slabs and footings of uniform thickness, the
minimum area of reinforcement is equal to the

temperature and shrinkage reinforcement:

T-BEAM REQUIREMENTS (8.12):
> For deformed bars with fy < 60,000 psi, As,min
Flange and web must be built integrally
or effectively 0.0020Ag.
bonded together. For deformed bars or welded wire with fy 2
60,000 psi, [Link] is given by:
0.0018 x 60,000
Ag 2 0.0014Ag

DISTRIBUTION OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT IN

BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS:
Flange width on each side of the beam is the least of:

Eight times the slab

Maximum spacing of reinforcement closest to the tension
thickness (8h)
face is given by:

(40, 0( 40,4
1/8th Clear span of the beam (n/8). Smax = 15 2.5cc ≤ 12
For beams with slab on one side only, the effective flange Calculate fs, the stress in the reinforcement closest to the
width is the least of:
tension face based
on unfactored moment, or use 2/3 f,.
> Six times the slab thickness (6h), Using fs = 2/3 fy. for grade 60 steel, simplifies the
One-half the clear distance to the next web (Sw/2), above equation:
> 1/12th Clear span of the beam (1,/12).
Smar =
15 - 2.5cc £ 12in
When isolated T-shape is used to provide a flange to
Tension reinforcement in T-beam flanges must be
increase the compression area:
distributed over the smaller of:
The flange thickness, hf, must be at least bw/2
8 times the slab thickness on
Effective flange width, beff, not to exceed 4bw. each side of the beam,
One-half the distance to the next beam, and
Joist construction consists of a monolithic combination of - One-tenth the beam span (24.3.4).
regularly spaced ribs and a top slab (8.13):
> Minimum width of ribs is 4 inches.
SHRINKAGE AND TEMP. REINFORCEMENT
Maximum rib depth is 3.5 times minimum rib width.

sh
Joists that do not meet these limitations must be
Where
designed as T-beams.
Ast =
S&T reinforcement bar area
=
S&T reinforcement spacing ≤ 5h and 18"
=
Member thickness/depth
Minimum psT is the larger of 0.0014, and;

MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT OF FLEXURAL 0.002 for slabs with grade

40 or 50 steel.
0.0018
MEMBERS:
>
for slabs with grade 60 reinforcement.
> (0.0018 • 60,000/f,) when with f, > 60, 000 psi.
When tension reinforcement is required, the minimum area
of steel provided is the smaller of:

As min = , and 1.33As,required

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE

Page
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6. COMPRESSION MEMBERS Structural Member Effective Moment of Inertia

Columns
SHORT COLUMNS:
Walls-Uncracked 0.71
Slenderness effects are not considered for short columns.
Walls-Cracked 0.351&
A column is short when kl,/r meets these limits:
Beams 0.351
Columns not braced against sidesway, kl/r ≤ 22.
Columns braced against sidesway Flat Plates and Flat slabs 0.251

kl/r ≤ 34 + 12(M1/M2) ≤ 40.

AXIAL STRENGTH (22.4):

M 1/ M2 is negative if the column is in single
curvature, and positive for double curvature. pPO = $[0.85f (Ag - Ast) + f yAst)
M. is the smaller factored end moment. Maximum design strength of compression members with
spiral reinforcement is:
If bracing elements resisting lateral movement of a
story have a total stiffness of at least 12 times the gross [Link] = 0.85pPo
lateral stiffness of the columns in the story, the Maximum design strength of compression members with
columns are considered braced against sidesway. tie reinforcement is:

The 0.85 and 0.8 limits account for minimum design

50.0
10.0 eccentricity of 5 and 10%.
20 0
COMBINED FLEXURE AND AXIAL EFFECTS:

4.0 -
2959 9 • Use PM interaction diagrams to design a section for
combined flexure and axial effects.
30 -
8 Normalized nominal axial strength is:

Kn = Pn/fAg
Normalized nominal flexural strength is

1 Frames Sway Frames

LIMITS OF REINFORCEMENT (10.9):

Area of longitudinal reinforcement, Ag, must satisfy:

SLENDERNESS RATIO kL,/r:
0.01Ag ≤ Ast ≤ 0.08A,
the clear column height.
The minimum number of longitudinal bars is:
0.3 times the column dimension in the direction being

considered for rectangular columns, and 0.25 for circular

> 4 bars for members with rectangular or circular ties.
3 bars for members with triangular ties.
columns.
6 bars for members with spirals.
For other shapes, r = /I/A, based on gross section.
6 bars for columns in special moment frames
Use alignment charts for k.
enclosed by circular hoops.
Relative stiffness factor 4 is computed as: Volumetric spiral ratio must satisfy:
E(E1/(columns)
Ps 2 0.45 (
Z(EI/D(beams or slabs)
W - 1.0 For columns rigidly connected to the Ag = Gross area of compression member

foundation.
Ach = Area of member measured to the outside of edges
of transverse reinforcement
W = 10.0 For column pin connection.
= Nominal yield strength of transverse reinforcement
Ec = w. 1533 /f.
of inertia:
(psi), not to exceed 100,000 psi
1 is based on effective moment

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page

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SLENDER COLUMNS:
SWAY COLUMNS:

A column is slender when

kly/r exceeds these limits: For sway columns, amplified design
moments are:

Columns not braced against sidesway, kl,/r > 22.

M, = Mins + 8, M1s
Columns braced against sidesway
M2 = Mans + 8, M2s
kly/r > 34 - 12(M,/M,) > 40. must be determined using
Effective length factor, k,

M1/ M2 is positive if the column is in effective moment of inertia, and must be 2 1.0.
single curvature,
and negative if the column is in double curvature. Moment magnification, 8s, is:

MOMENT MAGNIFICATION PROCEDURE: 8, =

1 -
• Stories may be assumed nonsway if:

2 Pu Ao When 8. > 1. 5 use the following equation:

S 0.05

2P = Total factored vertical load

Vis = Horizontal story shear
2 P , is the sum of all the factored vertical loads in a story.
Ap = First order story drift resulting from the
E Pc is the sum for all sway resisting columns in a story.
application of Vus.
NONSWAY COLUMNS:

Nonsway columns must be designed for the factored axial load, (0.2Ec1, + EgIse)
El = or
P.. and the amplified factored moment Mc.
1 + Pds
The amplified factored moment is Mc = 8M2
BEARING ON CONCRETE:
6= ≥ 1.0, P.
(kly)2 Design bearing strength of concrete is given by:
0.75P

EL =
(0.2E,1g + EgIse)
or
Where A1 is the loaded area.
1 + Bans

Bans is the ratio of the maximum sustained factored axial

load to maximum factored axial load from the same load
combination, less or equal to 1 ([Link].4).
Effective length factor, k, is equal 1.0 ([Link].3).
For members without transverse loads between supports,
Cm is given by Equation [Link].3a as:
PLAN ELEVATION
C. = 0.6 + 0.4 21 When the
M2 supporting surface is wider than the loaded area
M,/M2 is positive if the column is bent in single on all sides, the design bearing strength is increased by the
curvature, and negative for double curvature.
ratio of A2/ A1, not to exceed 2.

For members with transverse loads between supports,

Cm = 1.0.

Factored moment, M2, in Equation [Link].3a must not be

less than [Link] given by: For bearing on concrete, p = 0.65,

[Link] = P.(0.6 + 0.03h) Provide reinforcement when
the required bearing
0.6 and h are in inches.
strength is larger than the design bearing strength.
When M2min exceeds Mz, Cm is taken equal to

based on the computed end moments ratio M,/M2.

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 For members with significant axial tension, V. is computed
using Equation [Link] as:

N., is negative for tension.

Nu/ Ag is in psi.

For circular sections, bwd in the concrete shear capacity

equations is replaced by 0.8D-, where D is the section

diameter.
A2 =(x+2e)(y+2e) A2=4A1
2 is:
Reduction factor for lightweight aggregate concrete
7. SHEAR AND TORSION DESIGN 0.85 for sand-lightweight concrete.
0.75 for all lightweight concrete.
1.0 for normal weight concrete.
Linear interpolation is permitted on the basis of
volumetric fractions.
For nonprestressed members, the critical section for shear If splitting tensile strength, fct, is specified, then 1

design is permitted to be taken at a distance d away from

fet/(6.7 fc) ≤ 1.0.
face of support, provided that 3 conditions are met:
a) Support reaction introduces compression into the SHEAR STRENGTH PROVIDED BY SHEAR STEEL:
member's end region.
b) Applied load is at or near the top of the member Except for welded deformed wire reinforcement, where the
No concentrated load is applied between the face of limit is 80,000psi, f, and fyt used in shear design must
support and the critical section. not exceed 60,000psi.
For prestressed members, the critical section may be taken For shear design of prestressed members, d is the distance
at h/2 from the face of support, provided that the above from extreme compression fiber to centroid of prestressed
conditions are met. and nonprestressed longitudinal tension reinforcement,
and need not be taken less than 0.8h.

Nominal shear strength, Vs, is:

Ay is the area of shear reinforcement within spacing s.

CONCRETE SHEAR STRENGTH: For circular hoops, ties, or spirals, d = 0.8D and A,, -

2 Ayb ([Link], [Link].6).

Shear strength of members subject to shear and flexure

only, is given by Equation [Link] as:

S

D is the diameter of the concrete section.

For members subject to axial compression, shear strength Aub is the area of the bar in a circular hoop, tie, or spiral.

of concrete is computed using Equation [Link] as:

Nu/ Ag is in psi.
PhD, SE, PE Page 9
© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati,
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BEAM SHEAR DESIGN-NONPRESTRESSED: Table 7.2: Cracking torsion

1. Calculate design shear, V.,. Type of Member

2. Calculate nominal shear strength provided Nonprestressed (a)
by
Members
concrete V. = 21 fobwd.
3. Prestressed (b)
Members
increase size of section, or concrete strength, or both.
Strength reduction factor O = 0.75. Nonprestressed
Members with 41 fe (c)
Determine required area of vertical stirrups and spacing. Pcp
Axial Force
•
reinforcement is required.
If V,≤ pV./2, no shear

• If pVe/2 < Vu≤ OV c provide minimum shear AT = Acp for solid section (in.-)
reinforcement.
= A, for hollow section
• Required stirrups, A,/s, is the larger of:
A cp - area enclosed by outside perimeter of concrete cross

(0.75 /[Link]/fyt), and (50 bw/fyt). sections (in.2)

_
Stirrup spacing, s, not to exceed the smaller Ag = gross area of concrete section (in.-). For a hollow
of d/2 and 24in. cross section, A does not include the area of the

If oVe V.,, Provide shear reinforcement. void(s)

P cp = outside perimeter of concrete cross section (in.)

Required stirrups, A./ s, is the largest of:

(Vu-oV.)/(ofyd), TORSIONAL STRENGTH:

0.75 /ft bw/fyt, and Nominal torsional strength of prestressed and non-prestressed
members, Tm, is the smaller of the values calculated using
50 bw/fyt-
Equations 22.7.6.1a and 22.7.6.1b:
Stirrup spacing, s, not to exceed:
(a) T, = cot 0
The smaller of d/2 and 24in., if:

(Vuld-Vd)≤4/fibyd. (b) In = - cot 0

S

The smaller of d/4 and 12in., if: A. = 0.85A-h ([Link].1)

the area enclosed by the centerline of the
(Vu/p-V)>4/fibwd.
outermost closed transverse torsional
DESIGN FOR TORSION: reinforcement (in.-)
When Evaluating Ter Or Tth, Ny, is positive for 30° ≤ 0 ≤ 60°

compression and negative for tension. 6 =

45 degrees for members with Aps/se <
• Torsion may be neglected if Tu < $Tth- 0.4( Apsfpu + Asfy), or non prestressed members.
The value of /fit used to compute Tth and Ter must not 0 = 37.5 degrees for prestressed members with
exceed 100 psi. Aps/se 2 0.4(Apsfpu + Asfy)
• The values of fy and f yt must not exceed 60,000 psi. For solid sections, cross-sectional dimensions must be

selected such that:

When T,, > pTer and Tu is required to maintain
equilibrium, the member must be designed for torsion.
Table 7.1: Threshold torsion for solid/hollow cross sections
Type of Member For hollow sections, cross-sectional dimensions must be
Nonprestressed (a) selected such that:
Members

Prestressed
(b)
Members
For prestressed members, d need not be taken less
Nonprestressed than 0.8h.
Members with Axial
Force

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page 10

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
8. SHEAR FRICTION DESIGN
800

(psi)
800
NOMINAL SHEAR FRICTION CAPACITY:
700
When shear friction reinforcement is perpendicular to the

shear friction plane: 600

6,000 8,000 10,000

4,000
• When shear plane is subject to permanent net compression
Concrete fe (psi)
force, Pnet:
each
When concretes of different strengths are cast against
V, = (Apffy + Pnet)p
other, the lower strength concrete must be used in the
• When shear friction reinforcement is inclined relative to the
evaluation of V .max.
shear plane:
The value of f, used in shear friction design is limited
Vn = Apff y(u sin a + cos a)
to 60,000psi (11.6.6).
a is the angle between reinforcement and the shear plane. Additional reinforcement must be provided to resist net
tension across the shear plane.

9. DEVELOPMENT OF REINFORCEMENT

DEVELOPMENT OF BARS IN TENSION:

For uncoated (we 1.0) bottom reinforcement (1. =

The coefficient of friction, u, is a function of the condition 1.0), normal weight concrete (A = 1.0), and 60,000psi
reinforcement the development length is:
of the shear plane. It is equal to:
1.44 for concrete placed monolithically f't in psi #6 and smaller #7 and larger
bars bars
1. 04 for concrete placed against hardened concrete
and deformed
with surface intentionally roughed to full ¾" Clear Spacing 2 dp. wires
Clear Cover 2 d,, and
amplitude. Stirrups or ties meeting code
2400 3000
0.64 for concrete placed against hardened concrete minimums
OR
not intentionally roughened. Clear Spacing 2 2dp, and
0.71 for concrete anchored to as-rolled structural Clear Cover 2 dh.
3600 4500
steel by headed studs or by reinforcing bars.
Other cases
1 = 1.0 for normal weight concrete, and 0.75 for
lightweight concrete.

For other values of ter 1't, and A, multiply table equations

For normal weight concrete, where gis equal to 1.01
by the appropriate factor (1:te/1).
1.4, V .max is the smaller of 0.2f4c (480+ For fy other than 60,000 psi, multiply table equation
0.08f c)Ac, and 1600A. (11.6.5). by f./60,000
1600

1600 fy, and fc are in psi.

1200
tt = Reinforcement location factor
1000 = 1.3 for top reinforcement, more than 12" of fresh

800 concrete placed below bar.

= 1.0 for other reinforcement

12,000 14,000
1,000
4,000 6,000
We = Coating factor, epoxy, Or zinc and epoxy dual coated
Concrete fa(psi)
= 1.5 for coated bars with cover less than 3d, or

is the smaller of 0.2fcAc. clear spacing less than 6dp.

For all other cases, Vn,max
= 1.2 for other coated bars
and 800Ac.
= 1.0 for uncoated bars

Page 11
© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE
ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
 , times te need
not be take larger than 1.7.

Lightweight aggregate concrete factor

= 0.75 for lightweight concrete
=
6.7 /felfet ≤ 1.0, when fat is specified
= 1.0 for normal weight concrete

DEVELOPMENT OF BARS IN COMPRESSION: (c) 0.8 for 180-degree hooks of #11 and smaller bars with
transverse confinement.
Bar development in compression, Ide is computed as the
larger of:

10.02 f,/(a F)]d. and

0.0003f,d,
Compression development length may be reduced by:
As,required / As provided, when reinforcement provided
is in excess of the reinforcement required. (d) As,required/As provided when development for fy is
0.75, when reinforcement is enclosed within spiral not specifically required.
reinforcement, at least ¼" in diameter and a Minimum hook development length ≥ 8d, and 6 in.
maximum 4" pitch, or #4 ties in conformance with At discontinuous end of members, where the cover on the

7.10.5, and spaced not more than 4' on center sides and top (or bottom) over hooks is less than 2.5 in.,
provide transverse confinement.
Compression development length cannot be less than 8 in.
< 2.5in.
DEVELOPMENT OF BUNDLED BARS:
The development length of bundled bars is the individual
bar development length, multiplied by a factor of:
1.2 for 3-bar bundle.

1.33 for 4 bar bundle.

In determining spacing and cover for bar bundles, use the
equivalent diameter of the bundle.
TENSION DEVELOPMENT OF HEADED BARS:
TENSION DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD HOOKS:
Tension development length for headed bars, lat is:
• Tension development length for deformed bars with a
Lat = 0.0161.
standard hook is given as:

Lah = 0.021. te = 1.2 for epoxy coated bars and 1.0 otherwise.

Headed bars used for bar development in tension must

= 1.2 for epoxy-coated reinforcement, 1.0 otherwise.
satisfy these conditions:
= 0.75 for lightweight concrete, 1.0 otherwise.
fy ≤ 60,000psi
Length Ian can be multiplied by the following factors: #11 or smaller bars.

(a) 0.7 for #11 and smaller bars with extra cover on the Normal weight concrete only.
hook. Net bearing area of head
2 2.5in., Clear cover for bar ≥ 2d,

(b) 0.8 for 90-degree hooks of #11 and smaller bars with
transverse confinement.

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page 12

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
10. SPLICES OF REINFORCEMENT Mechanical or welded splices used for compression must
be full splices capable of developing at least 1.25fy
Splicing of reinforcement can be accomplished through
mechanical or welding means, O1 through lap splicing. SPLICE REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMNS:

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: If bar stress from factored loads is compressive, then use
compression lap splice lengths 2 12" ([Link]).
Only #11 and smaller bars may be spliced, except that
Compression Splice Lengths
compression splices are allowed for #14 and #18 bars
fy (psi) Transverse
spliced with #11 and smaller bars. < 3000psi
Confinement
Lap slicing of bars in a bundle is based on the individual
_(1)
bar's lap splice length, adjusted for the number of bars in
the bundle ([Link]).
60,000 Ties(2) 33.5d,
Bar splices within a bundle must not overlap
Spirals)
Splicing of entire bundles is not allowed.
_(1)
Transverse spacing of bars with non-contact splices in
flexural members must not be larger than one-fifth the 75,000 Ties(2)
required splice length, or 6 in. ([Link]).
Spiral(3)

(1)
Ties or spirals 1 meeting minimum requirements.
(2) Ties with an effective area 2 0.0015hs in each direction.
TENSION SPLICES OF DEFORMED BARS: (3) Spirals meeting requirements of [Link], 7.10.4, and 10.9.3

Minimum lap length for lap splices, lst. must be at

stress from factored loads is ≤ 0.5fy, AND no more
If bar
least 1. 01a for Class A splices and 1.31a for Class B
than half the bars are spliced at any one section and
splices, but not less than 12 in. ([Link]). alternate lap splices are staggered by ld, use Class
La calculated in accordance with [Link](a) based = 1.0a) ([Link]).
tension lap splice (splice length
on fy, without the 12 in. minimum. If bar stress from factored loads is > 0.5 f y, OR more than
Class A splices are splices where: half the bars are spliced at any one section, use Class I
Area of reinforcement provided is at least two time the
tension lap splice (splice length = 1.31a) ([Link]).
area required over the entire length of the splice, and
No more than one-half the total reinforcement is INTERACTION DIAGRAM

spliced within the splice length.

7-0.7
Class B splices are all other splices ([Link]).
When bars of different sizes spliced in tension, splice
Ist of the
length is the larger of la of the larger bar and
smaller bar ([Link]).

COMPRESSION SPLICES OF DEFORMED BARS:

For fy ≤ 60,000psi, compression lap splice length is equal
to 0.0005f ,dp.
For fy > 60,000psi, compression lap splice length is equal
to (0.0009f,
1/3 for fe < 3000psi
• Increase lap splice length by 0.2

(12.16.1). 0.0

When bars of different sizes

are spliced, lap length is the 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45

and the compression lap

larger of; Ldc of the larger bar
bars (12.16.2).
splice length of the smaller
and #18 bars are allowed to be spliced with #11
#14

and smaller bars.

Page 13
(C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE
ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
 11. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 12. COMPOSITE CONCRETE BEAMS
COMPUTING SECTION STRESSES: HORIZONTAL SHEAR STRENGTH:

Design of cross sections for horizontal shear is based

on:

= Vertical factored shear at the cross section

Horizontal design shear strength

= 0.75

• When surfaces are clean, free of laitance, and

intentionally roughened, or
minimum ties are provided, Inh is computed as:

Area of prestressing steel is Aps Width of cross section at contact

by = area
Effective prestress force at release, after initial losses d = Distance from extreme compression fiber to
is P. =
S piAps, where fpt is the stress in the prestressing
centroid of prestressed and nonprestressed
steel at release, after initial losses.
longitudinal tension reinforcement.
Effective prestressing force after alllosses is P, = fpeAps, Greater or equal to 0.8h for prestressed
where fpe is the effective stress in the prestressing steel concrete members
after all losses.
When ties are provided, and contact surfaces are clean and
The prestressing steel is offset from the centroid of the
free of laitance, and roughened to a full ¼" amplitude:
section by eccentricity e.

PS moment:
(260 + 0.6p,fy)Ab,d ≤ 500b, d
Mpi = -Pie and Mpf - -Pe.
Py = Ay/(bys)
Positive deal and live load moments, Mp and M1.
A = 1.0 for normalweight concrete

=
0.75 for all light weight concrete
When ¼ > p(500b,d), section must be designed using
shear friction design method.

TIES FOR HORIZONTAL SHEAR:

Use Table 11.1 to compute stresses at any section:

Table 11.1: Computation of Beam Stresses

When ties re provided to transfer horizontal shear, the
Location minimum area of ties, Av,min that must be provided is
Stage Load Top Fiber Stress Bottom Fiber given by:
1 Pect
Initial (after
release
A Aymin = 0.75 /f.
initial losses)
A AT
Tie spacing is the smaller of 4 times the least dimension of
Service (after supported element and 24 in.
all losses)
Ties for horizontal shear are single bars or wire, multiple leg
of welded wire reinforcement.
stirrups, or vertical legs
PS = Prestress loads

= Live Load
All ties must be fully anchored into interconnected
Cross section area of the beam
Moment elements ([Link]).

e is positive when the cg of the prestressing is below the

section centroid, negative otherwise.
A positive stress value computed by the above equations is
compression stress.
A negative stress value is tension stress.

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page 14

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
13. TWO-WAY SLABS

MINIMUM SLAB THICKMESS (13.1.4):

Two-way slab B Min h Min Min h
system

Flat Plate
≤ 2.0 1/36 1. /31
(without drop Flat Slab Drop Panel
panels)!)

Flat Slab (with 2.0 2,/40 1. /36 L. /34 Ignore drop panels that do not meet these minimum
drop panels)24 dimension requirements when determining required slab
0.2 2.0 L. /33 L. /31 thickness, and/or negative moment reinforcement over the

Two-Way L. /40 1. /36 1. /34 column.

Beam- Minimum Dimensions for shear caps:
Supported
1./40 1./37
Slab9)
1 1./45 1/41
22
1./54 1/46

fy (psi) 40,000 60,000 75,000

(1) Minimum slab i is 5 in ([Link]).
(2)
Minimum slab Ii is 4 in ([Link]).
(9) Minimum slab / Is 5 in. for "/m $ 2.0, and 3.5 in. for iffm > 2.0. Shear Cap
14) Minimum drop panel width is 1, /3, and min. total thickness is 1.25h.
DIRECT DESIGN METHOD:
B = Ratio of long to short dimensions: Clear spans for two-

way slabs. Slab systems that meet the limitations of 8.10 may be

A fm = Average of a, for all beams on edges of slab panel designed using the Direct Design method:
= Ratio of flexural stiffness of beam section to stiffness of A minimum of 3 continuous spans in each direction.
af
Slabs with regular panels and center to center aspect
slab (see Section 14.7)
= Length of clear span in the long direction, measured
ratio 12/4, ≤ 2.0.
from face-to-face of supports Adjacent span lengths must not differ by more than

1/3 of the longer span.

GEOMETRY TREQUIREMENTS: Column offset in either direction not to exceed 10% of

the span length between column centerlines.
0.5 Middle 0.51

Strip All loads must be gravity loads uniformly distributed

Middle over an entire panel.
Strip Unfactored live load must not exceed 2 times

unfactored dead load.

Panels with beams all sides, Eq. 8.10.2.7a must be
PANEL-
satisfied.

0.2 ≤ S5

and ap2 are calculated using Eq. 8.10.2.7b, as:

b+2ta-h)≤b+8h b+(a-h)≤b+4h Moment of inertia of the beam including

effective slab width defined in [Link]

I, = Moment of inertia of a slab section

between two adjacent panels centerlines

Moment redistribution not allowed.

Effective Beam Section

PhD, SE, PE
Page 15
C 2022 Dr.
ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
 Total factored static moment,
Mo, for a span is determined b+(a-h)≤b+4h
in a strip bounded
by centerlines of panels on either side of
support line ([Link]).
Total factored static moment M. is the
absolute sum of
the positive and
average negative factored moments 1,=(ba3/12)f
([Link]). Mo must not be less than:

M. =

L,, = Clear
span length in the direction moments are being 0.4 1

computed

12 =
Average of adjacent transverse spans ([Link].2).
For edge spans, 12 is the distance from edge to panel
1.8 1.0 1.071. .57
centerline ([Link].3). 2.0 1.0 1.061.1
2.5 1.0 1.051.08 1.111
L. is measured from face of columns,
capitals, brackets or 3.0 1.0 [Link] 1.
4.0 1.0 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.09 1
walls ([Link].1). 5.0 1.0 1.03 1.04 1.06 1.08 0.09 1.13 1.17 1.20 1.231.25 0.271.25 1.23 1.20
Circular or polygon shaped supports are treated as
square supports with the same area. SHEAR DESIGN:
In an
interior span, total static moment, M., is distributed Two way shear critical sections are located inside a
as:
perimeter, bo, that is d/2 from:
65% for factored negative moment, and
Edges or corners of columns, concentrated loads, or
35% for factored positive moment ([Link]). reaction areas, and

b+2(a-h)≤b+8h Edges of column capitals, drop panels, or shear caps.

Slab shear capacity provided by concrete, Ve, is:

V. = (2+7)a/Fibod
1.=(ba3/12)f

V. = 4A/fibod
B = Ratio of long side to short side of column,
0.4 1.0 1.6
D.6 1.0 1.4 concentrated load or reaction area
0.0 1.0 1
1.0 1. As = 40 for interior columns

1.4 1. = 30 for edge columns

1.01.01 = 20 for corner columns
2.0 1.0 1.130
[Link]
5.0 1.0 1.09 [ Shear reinforcement is permitted only when d is greater
4.0 1.0 1.06 1.101.140 .501.46
5.0 1.0 1.05 1.081 1.410.39 than 6 in. and 16 times the shear bar diameter.

Critical Shear

Flat Plate

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page 16

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
 Critical Sheor
Associated M., is used to compute R, As:

R, Mu/pfiAgh = PuelpfiAgh
d= Strength reduction factor, per ACI Chapter 21.
Cross-section area 01 the wall = Ly X bw
Ag
1 = Horizontal length of wall.
Flat Slab
Wall thickness.

DESIGN BY THE SIMPLIFIED METHOD OF 11.5.3:

Solid rectangular walls subject to combined axial load and

moment that satisfy the following requirements may be
designed using the empirical design method (14.5.1):
The resultant of all factored loads is within the middle
one third of the wall thickness.

Wall reinforcement is not less than that required by

Required shear strength, ¼, to be resisted by the slab in ACI 11.6

two-way shear is computed as the total factored load times Design axial strength, oPn. is computed as:
the area bounded by panel centerlines minus the area
inside the critical two-way shear perimeter.

0.65 (Strength reduction factor for compression

Corner
Column controlled section)

Interior k = 0.8 for walls braced top and bottom against lateral
translation and restrained against rotation at one or

both ends

1.0 for walls braced top and bottom against

translation, and unrestrained against rotation at

both ends.

2. 0 For walls not braced against lateral translation.

DESIGN FOR IN-PLANE SHEAR (11.5.4:

14. WALLS

DESIGN OF NONBEARING WALLS FOR FLEXURE

The wall is designed for flexure without consideration for any
axial load that may be present:
V, may be computed using the simplified or detailed
procedure of ACI Table [Link].
pM, 2 Mu
When computing Vc, d may be taken equal to 0.81y.
Strength reduction factor = 0.9 for e. 2 0.005 L., is the overall length of wall.
• =

Using the simplified procedure;

M.m = Nominal flexural strength.
> For walls under axial compression, V is computed as:
BEARING WALLS-AXIAL LOAD AND FLEXURE:
Walls may be designed using the simplified method of ACI
For walls under axial tension, V is computed as:
11.5.3, if the requirements of that section are satisfied.
For wall with equal reinforcement at each of the wall faces,
ACI SP-17 PM charts may be used to determine the
required reinforcement.
Given Pu. Kn, is computed as:
Page 17
© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE
ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
 N., is negative for tension.
The reinforcement ratio PL S 0.01, or
h is the wall thickness.
Vertical reinforcement is not required as compression
V, at any section must not
exceed 10fthd([Link]). reinforcement (14.3.6).
Sections closer to the base of the wall than the lesser For cast-in-place walls, the maximum spacing, Stmaxs of

of1./2 and half the wall height are longitudinal reinforcement is the lesser of 3h, and 18 in.
designed for the shear
computed at the lesser of 1w/2 and half the wall If reinforcement is required for shear, Stmax $ 1w/3.
height.
Shear strength provided by
transverse reinforcement, V: For precast walls, the maximum spacing, St,max, of
longitudinal reinforcement is the lesser of 5h, and 18 in. for
V. = exterior walls or 30 in. for interior walls.
> freinforcement is required for shear, Stmax is the
A,, =
Area of horizontal shear reinforcement within lesser of 3h, 18 in., and 1w/3 ([Link]).
spacing s
For cast-in-place walls, the maximum spacing, Stmaxs of

DESIGN FOR OUT-OF-PLANE SHEAR (11.5.5): transverse reinforcement is the lesser of 3h, and 18 in.
If reinforcement is required for shear, Smax ≤ 1/5.
For precast walls, the maximum spacing, [Link], of
transverse reinforcement is the lesser of 5h, and 18 in. for

exterior walls or 30 in. for interior walls.

Wall cross section
dimensions must be selected to satisfy
ACI Equation [Link]:
If reinforcement is required for shear, Smax is the
lesser of 3h, 18 in., and w/5 ([Link]).
Minimum reinforcement around window, door, and similar
size openings is:
Design for out-of-plane shearis carried out using the
One #5 bar in walls with one layer of reinforcement.
simplified or detailed procedure of ACI.
> Two # bars in walls with two reinforcement layers.
Using the simplified procedure, V, is computed as:
Reinforcement must be anchored to develop f , from

15. CAST-IN ANCHORS

N is negative for compression.

MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT:

Table 14.1: Minimum wall reinforcement.

Reinforcement Bar/Wire Minimum P, Minimum

Wall Type fy. psi
Type Size
(longitudinal) (Transvers
(a) (b)
60,000 0.0012 0.0020
Deformed No. 5
60,000 0.0015 0.0025
Cast-in
bars Anchor required strength is determined by elastic analysis.
No. 5 Any 0.0015 0.0025
≤ W31 or
Plastic analysis is permitted where the nominal
Welded-wire
D31
Any 0.0012 0.0020
strength is controlled by ductile steel elements and
Deformed deformation compatibility is taken into account.
Precast bars or Any Any 0.0010 0.0010
welded-wire For design of multiple anchor connections subject to a

moment, the resultant of the compression force from

Except for basement walls, walls thicker than 10 in. must
applied moment may be assumed to be located at the
have two curtains of reinforcement.
leading edge of the compression element of the attached
> One-half to two-thirds of the reinforcement must be member unless base plate stiffeners are used.
placed between in. and one-third wall-thickness from
the exterior wall face.
When base platestiffeners are used, the resultant of
the compression force
may be assumed at the leading
P The balance of the required reinforcement must be edge of the base plate.
placed between ¾ in. and one-third of the wall
thickness from the interior wall face.
Anchor group effects must be considered whenever
Transverse ties around vertical reinforcement are not anchors have spacing less than the critical spacing.
required if:

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE

Page 18
ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
 Include only the anchors susceptible to the failure STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS (17.3.3:
mode under investigation.
Strength Reduction
Strength Governed by Factor,
Failure mode under investigation Critical spacing
Ductile steel element
0.75

Concrete breakout in tension Tension, N,,

0.65
Shear, Vo
Brittle steel element
Bond strength in tension Tension, N
0.65

0.60
Shear, V.
Concrete breakout in shear Concrete
Condition

Shear
Design Strength ≥ required strength Breakout, Vet and Vebg
0.75 0.70

0.70 0.70

Modification factor, 1a, for lightweight concrete: Tension

Cast-in headed studs, headed boits, or hooked bolts
1.01 For cast-in anchor concrete failure; Breakoul and sideface blowout, Nob. Nobg, Ngb and Nabg
0.75 0.70
0.70 0.70
Pullout, Npn
A is given in Section 8.6.1 as:
1 = 1.0 For normalweight concrete
A = 0.85 For sand-lightweight concrete ANCHOR STRENGTH IN TENSION:
A = 0.75 For all-lightweight concrete Nominal strength of an anchor in tension can be controlled by

For calculation purposes, ft ≤ 10,000 psi for cast-in one of the following conditions:
anchors, and 8,000 psi for post-installed anchors.
(a) Steel strength of anchor;
For anchors governed by concrete breakout or blowout (b) Concrete breakout strength;
failure, there are two conditions:
(c) Anchor pullout strength; and
> Condition A: Supplementary reinf. is provided. (d) Side-face blowout strength.
Condition B: Supplementary reinf. is not provided.
STEEL STRENGTH OF ANCHOR:
Typical cast-in anchor materials

Reduction The nominal strength is computed using Eq. D-2 as:

Material Grade of area,
specification r type min., Nsa = [Link]
AWS D1.1
Ase.N = Effective cross-section of the anchor in tension (in-)
= Specified tensile strength of anchor steel ≤
AST A354* BD min (1.9fva, 125,000 psi)
120
ASTM A449* 1-1-1/2
> 1-1/2
CONCRETE BREAKOUT STRENGTH OF ANCHOR:
1/4-2
2-1/8-2-11
F1554 2-5/8-3
Nominal concrete breakout strength in tension is given by:
Equation 17.4.2.1a for a single anchor:
ANc
Note: All materials in this table are ductile Neb =
ANco
Dimensional properties of cast-in threaded anchors
Gross Effective Bearing Area of Heads and Nuts (Abrg) (in. 2) ANco =

Anchor Area o Area of

Anchor Heavy
Diameter Anchor
ANc = The projected area of the failure surface as
Square Hex Hex
(d,) (in.) (in.4) (Ape.N. Ape, vi) (in.2 Square
0.142 D 201 0.117 0.167
0.250 0.049 0.032
0.299
0.375 0.110 0.078 0.280 0.362
0.569
0.164
0.291 0.467
shown in Figure 17-3
0.196
0.464
0.500 0.671
0.454
0.625 0.307 0.226 0.693
0.824 .121 0.654 0.911
= ANco For an anchor with least edge distance ≥
0.442 0.334
0.750 0.891 1.188
0.462 1.121
0 875 0.601
0.606 1.855 1.163 1.501
1,000 785
1.854 2 291 1.472 1.851
0.994
2.773 1.817 2.237
0.969 2.228
1.250
1.375 1.485 1.160 2.769 3.300 2.199
2.617
2.659
3.118
For a group of anchors, ANc ≤ NANco,
1.410 3.295
1.500 1.767
1.760 2.405 1.900
5.316
where n is the number of anchors.
3.142 2,500

Wed,N Modification factor for edge effects

1. 0 if

= 0.7 + 0.3 Ca,min/(1. Shef)

= Modification factor for uncracked concrete

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page 19

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
 anchorslocated in a region of a concrete
For

Cracking in concrete must be controlled by

member where analysis indicates no cracking reinforcement distributed per 10.6.4, or equivalent crack
at service load levels:
= 1.25 For cast-in anchors, control must be provided by confining reinforcement.
= 1.40 For post-installed anchors with k, = When a plate or washer is added to the head of the anchor,
the projected are of the failure surface may be expanded
17, and by

= 1.0 washer.
When analysis shows cracking at the effective perimeter of the plate or

service load

Pep.N = Modification Factor for post-installed

anchors designed for uncracked concrete 35°

(1 GN = 1.4) without supplementary

reinforcement to control splitting ([Link]):
1.0 if [Link] 2 Cac
=
Ca,min/ Cac if [Link]
< Cac
1.5 her
1.0
For all other cases, including cast-in
=

anchors.
Effect of plates/washers on the failure surface
Cac for post-installed anchors given in 17.7.6
as: When anchor reinforcement is developed on both sides of
the breakout surface, Figure 17-6, the design strength of
2. Ohef ......For adhesive anchors
the anchor reinforcement may be used instead of the
2. 5hef ...... For undercut anchors
concrete breakout strength in determining N, (D.5.2.9).
4. Oher ...... For torque-controlled or
Strength reduction factor for anchor reinforcement
displacement-controlled expansion is p = 0.75.
anchors

Anchor reinforcement
symmetrically

Section through failure cone Elevation Section A-A

1.5 her Details of anchor reinforcement

Plan

ANco = (2 x 1.5hot) x (2 x 1.5hp) = 9hy

PULLOUT STRENGTH OF ANCHOR IN TENSION:
Computation of ANco
Nominal pullout strength of anchors in tension:

Breakout strength for single anchor in cracked concrete:

Modification factor for anchor in uncracked

concrete (D.5.3.6)
1. 4 For uncracked
=
concrete at service level
24 for cast-in anchors loads
ke =

k, = 17 for post-installed anchors = 1. 0 Where analysis indicates cracking at

service level loads
If anchors are located less than 1. 5hef from three or more
Single headed stud or headed bolt pullout strength:
edges, hef used to calculate ANc is the larger
of Camax/1.5 and s/3, where s is the maximum spacing

between anchors (D.5.2.3).

Net bearing area of the head or anchor bolt (in-)

Pullout strength in tension of single hooked bolt:

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page 20

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
 For anchors located at corners, the limiting concrete
breakout strength must be determined for each edge, and
en = Distance from the inner surface of the shaft of a j-
the minimum value must be used.
or L-bolt to the outer tip of the J- or L-bolt (in)
Where 3d, ≤ er ≤ 4.5d, Ayco = 4.5cat- (Figure 15-8)
= Diameter of anchor bolt (in)
Ave = The projected area of the failure surface on the
CONCRETE SIDE-FACE BLOWOUT STRENGTH OF A side of the member at its edge for single anchor
HEADED ANCHOR IN TENSION: or group of anchors, Figure 17-9
> For a group of n anchors, Avc ≤ nAvco-
For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to
Peay = Modification factor for edge effects (D.6.2.6)
an edge (her > 2.5ca1), the nominal side-face blowout
strength is:
= 0.7 + 0.3 Ca2z/(1.5ca1)

tov = Modification factor for uncracked concrete

(D.6.2.7)
If 1.0 ≤ Ca2/Cal ≤ 3, then Nsb must be multiplied = 1. 4 For anchors located in a region of a concrete
by (1+ caz2/ca1)/4 member where analysis indicates no cracking at
service load levels
ANCHOR STRENGTH IN SHEAR:
For anchors located in a region of concrete where analysis
Nominal strength of an anchor in shear can be controlled by
indicates cracking at service load levels, tc.v may be
one of the following conditions:
taken as:
i. Steel strength of anchor;
= 1. 0 For anchors without supplementary
Concrete breakout strength; and
reinforcement;
Concrete pryout strength.
= 1.2 For anchors with #4 or greater
reinforcement between the anchor and the
STEEL STRENGTH OF ANCHOR IN SHEAR:
edge; and
The nominal strength of cast-in headed stud anchors: = 1.4 For anchors with #4 or greater
reinforcement between the anchor and the
edge, and with the reinforcement enclosed
Effective cross-section of the anchor in shear
within stirrups spaced at not more

(in-) than 4in.

futa = Specified tensile strength of anchor steel ≤

Wh,v = Modification Factor for anchors located in a
min (1.9fya 125,000 psi)
concrete member where ha < 1.5ca1, Why is
The nominal strength of cast-in headed bolt and hooked computed using Eq. D-39 as:
bolt anchors:

ha

Where anchors are installed with built-up grout pad the

nominal strength must be multiplied by 0.8 factor.

IN SHEAR:
CONCRETE BREAKOUT STRENGTH

For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single - Center of

anchor where
it crosses the
anchor: free surface
- = 2(1.5c.1) x (1.5c.1) Side section
Edge of
concrete
Plan Elevation

Calculation of Ayco

For shear force parallel to an edge, V cb or Vebg may be

taken twice the capacity computed above.

SE, PE Page 21
© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD,
ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
Calculation of Ave for single anchors and groups of anchors
Section A-4
The
basic concrete breakout strength in shear for a single
anchor in Anchor reinforcement for shear
cracked concrete is computed as:
CONCRETE PRYOUT STRENGTH IN SHEAR:
khs = min
da ,10.61/d Nominal pryout strength, V cp, for a single anchor is

Basic computed using Eq. D-40 as:

concrete breakout strength in shear for a single anchor
•

in cracked concrete for cast-in headed studs, headed bolts,

or hooked bolts that are welded to the attached base plate:
Nominal pryout strength, Vcp, for group of anchors is
computed using Eq. D-41 as:
da,
≤ 12.13 • (/dg^aFE(Can)1.5)
Provided that: Rep = 1. 0 For hef < 2.5 in.

a. For groups of anchors, strength is determined based on Rop = 2.0 For hef 2 2.5 in.
stud farthest from the edge;
INTERACTION OF TENSILE AND SHEAR FORCES:
b. Anchor spacing s 2 2.5 in; and
C. Reinforcement is provided at the corner if Caz ≤ hef. If Vua/ (oVm) ≤ 0.2, then Nua/(pNn) ≤ 1.0
For narrow sections with limited thickness such that Ca2 < If Nua/(AN,) ≤ 0.2, then Vua/(pVm) ≤ 1.0
1.5C a1 on both sides, and ha < 1.5ca1. Cal must be less

or equal to the largest of:

If Vua/ (PVn) > 0.2 and/or Nua/(pN,) > 0.2, then;
Ca2/1.5, where Ca2 is the largest edge distance; Nua
≤ 1.2
> ha/1.5; and
5/3

When anchor reinforcement is either developed on both GEOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS TO PRECLUDE

sides of the breakout surface, or encloses the anchor and is SPLITTING FAILURE:
developed beyond the breakout surface, the design strength
Minimum spacings and edge distances for anchors and
of the anchor reinforcement may be used instead of the
minimum thickness of members must be provided to
concrete breakout strength in determining oVn.
control splitting failure, unless supplementary
Strength reduction factor for anchor reinforcement
reinforcement is provided.
is p: : 0.75.
Minimum center-to-center spacing of anchors is:
4d For cast-in anchors that will not be torqued; and
Minimum edge distance for cast-in anchors is:
Same as standard concrete cover for reinforcement in
7.7 for anchors that will not be
torqued; and
> 6da For torqued anchors.

Anchors that will not

be torqued, need not meet the spacing
and edge distance requirements, provided that a smaller
diameter, da, meets those requirements, and the anchor
capacity is based on the smaller diameter da.

Edge reinforcement and anchor reinforcement for shear

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page 22

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
 0.6.
16. PLAIN CONCRETE Strength reduction factor p =
One-way nominal shear strength:
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS:

Minimum thickness of foundation walls and exterior

basement walls is 7.5 in. Two-way nominal shear strength:
Minimum thickness of other walls is the greater 0.5.5 in.
and 1/24 the lesser of unsupported length and
unsupported height. a is the smaller of (1 + 2/B) and 2, and
Minimum thickness of footings is 8.0 in. B is the ratio of long side to short side of concentrated
Minimum base area of footing must be based on allowable load, or reaction area.
soil bearing pressure.
Maximum unsupported height of pedestals must not DESIGN FOR AXIAL LOADS:

exceed 3 times the average least lateral dimension. Walls must be designed for the eccentricity that results
Isolation Joints must be provided to divide structural plain from the maximum moment associated with the design
concrete members into flexurally discontinuous elements. axial load, but not less than 0.1h, where h is the wall
At least two #5 bars must be provided around all window thickness.
and door openings. • Strength reduction factor b = 0.6.
Extend the bars at least 24.0 in. beyond the corners of
For a member under axial compression only, Pn is
openings. computed using Equation [Link] as:

DESIGN FOR FLEXURE:

• Required flexural strength M, must be determined from

the applied loads subject to the applicable load factors. Ag Cross section area of the compression member,

• The critical section for flexure in footings shall be taken at: Height of wall center-to-center of joints, and
Face of equivalent square area, for footings supporting Wall thickness.

circular or polygon shaped concrete columns or For walls of solid rectangular cross section, subject to
pedestals. combined axial load and moment, where Mu≤ Pu(h/6),
Face of supported member for square or rectangular M. need not be considered and P. is computed as:
column or pedestal, and walls.

Halfway between the face of column and the edge of

steel base plate, for column with a base plate.
Halfway between center and face of masonry walls.
When Mu> Pu(h/6), M, is computed using equation
[Link](b) and Pm is computed using Equation [Link].
Strength reduction factor o is given in Table 21.2.1 as 0.6. The section must be proportioned such that:
Nominal flexural strength is computed as the lesser of the The tension face satisfies Equations [Link](a):
values given by:
Mu Pu
M, = 51 /fiS, at the tension face
M, = 0.85f Sc at the compression face > The compression face satisfies Equations [Link](b):
Elastic section modulus to the tension face, and
S, = Mu, Pu
< 1.0
Sc = Elastic section modulus to the compression face.

DESIGN FOR SHEAR:

shall be taken at n
The critical section for one-way shear
from critical section for flexure, or the face of concentrated
loads or reaction areas.

The critical section for two-way shear in footings shall be

face the of
taken at h/2 from critical section for flexure, or
concentrated loads or reaction areas, or a change in footing

thickness.

2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page 23

©
ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
 PE PROBLEM SET

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-1

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C501. A cast-in-place concrete T-beam is shown in the Figure.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Cast-in-place concrete, fc = 3600psi

Assumptions:
Cover shown in the figure is adequate.
Reinforcement shown is sufficient.

The maximum nominal size of coarse aggregate (in.) that can be used is most nearly:

¾
1¼

1¾

2¼

3'-6"

#5 @ 6 #4 @ 12

1' - 8"
-1.5 clr, typ

#7, tot 8 #4 @ 6"

1¾" cir
1'-o"

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-3

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C502.
Cast-in-place normal weight concrete is to be used for the construction of a water
storage facility.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

The minimum required concrete strength fe (psi) is most nearly:

(A) 2500

(B) 3200

(c) 4000
4500

C503.
Cast-in-place normal weight concrete is exposed to freezing-and-thawing cycles and
is in continuous contact with moisture. Maximum nominal size of coarse aggregate
is 1". fe = 5500psi.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Not including tolerance, the required minimum air content is most nearly:

(A) 4.5%

(B) 5.0%
5.5%
(D) 6.0%

C504. When placing concrete on a hot windy day, which of the following IS not permitted:

(A) Add cold field water to lower mix temperature and achieve desired
workability
(B) Use sprays on the concrete surfaces or cover with wet burlap to prevent
surface moisture loss.
(C) Keep mix aggregate cool by shading and sprinkling, and use cold mix water.
(D) Dampen forms and rebar with cool water prior to concrete placement.

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-4

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C505. A cantilever reinforced concrete beam with #8
longitudinal bars and #4 stirrups is
constructed with 90-degree hooks on the longitudinal bars at the free end of the

beam. Typical concrete clear cover to main rebar is 1.5 in.

The minimum required beam depth (in) is most nearly:

11
15
19
21

C506. A 10 in. wide beam section is to be detailed using #6 longitudinal bars, and #3

stirrups. Typical clear cover is ¾ in. Maximum nominal coarse aggregate size is ¾ in.

The maximum number of bars that is allowed In a single layer is most nearly:

(A)
(B) 5

(c)
(D)

C507. A 4 in. thick slab is designed as one-way slab. All reinforcement used is 80,000 psi
steel.

The minimum required shrinkage and temperature reinforcement perpendicular to

flexural reinforcement is most nearly:

(A) No reinforcement is required

(B) #3 @ 15 in.

(C) #3 @ 18 in.
(D) #3 @ 21 in.

C508. Which of the following is not required when using the approximate method of ACI

318-14 section 6.5?

All spans are equal.

The frame consists of more than one span.

Beam depth and width are constant.

(D) Unfactored dead plus live load (D+L) is less or equal to 4 times dead load
(D).

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-5

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C509. Which of the following is
not true with regards to moment redistribution of ACI 318-
14 section 6.6.5?

(A) Moment redistribution is permitted for tension-controlled sections only.

(B) Redistribution of
negative moments in a beam increases the beam's
required positive moment strength.
(C) Negative moments computed using the
approximate method of ACI
Section 6.5 may not be reduced using moment
redistribution.
(D) Only redistribution of negative moments is allowed.

C510. A beam with a 30 ft.

span supports attachments that are likely to be damaged from
large deflections. Attachments are
placed 3 months after beam construction.
Effects of attachments on beam deflections are negligible. Ignore effects of
compression reinforcement on long-term deflections.

The maximum immediate beam deflection (in) allowed is most nearly:

(A) 0.25

0.375
0.50
0.75

C511. Which of the following is not design assumption for the flexural analysis of
reinforced concrete cross-sections?

(A) Strain varies linearly across section depth.

(B) Concrete stress varies linearly with strain up concrete nominal
strength fe
(C) Steel stress varies linearly with strain up to the yield stress fy.
(D) Concrete tensile stress, ft, is equal to zero.

C512. A Cantilever beam has a clear span of 15'-0". The beam uses grade 40
reinforcement. Deflections are not computed.

Per ACI 318-14, the minimum beam depth (in) required is most nearly:

15
18
21

24

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-6

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C513. A multi-span reinforced concrete T-beam is shown in the figure.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:

Assumptions:
Use ACI 318-14's alternate to frame analysis.

The maximum required beam flexural strength (kip •ft) for negative moment is
most nearly:

(A) 80

100
110
120

20'-0" 24'-0" 20'-o"

typ

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-7

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C514. A reinforced concrete beam section is shown in the figure. The beam is to be
designed for positive moment bending.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building
Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.
Design data:
fe = 3,600psi, 60,000 psi
Zero axial load.

The maximum number of tension reinforcement bars allowed is most nearly:

(A) 5

#6

2'-0" 2", typ

#10

2", typ
1'-4"

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-8

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C515. A reinforced concrete beam section is shown in the figure. The beam is designed for

positive moment bending.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
fer = 3,600psi, fy = 60,000psi
Zero axial load.

The nominal flexural strength (kip • ft) of the beam is most nearly:

(A) 490
440
380
320

#5

2'-0" 2" typ

4 #10

2", typ
-4'

c 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-9

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C516.
A reinforced concrete beam section is shown in the figure. The beam is to be
designed for positive
moment bending.
Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
fer = 3,200psi, fy = 60,000psi
Zero axial load.

The design
flexural strength (kip ft) of the beam section is most nearly:
(A) 135
170
185
205

6"
1'-
4 #8

2"

1'-o"

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-10

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C517. A reinforced concrete beam section is shown in the figure. The beam is designed for
positive moment bending.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
f = 3,600psi, ae
fy = 60,000psi
Zero axial load.

The strength reduction factor for beam flexure is most nearly:

(A) 0.65
(B) 0.75
(C) U. 3

(D) U. U

4 #6

o 2", typ

4 #10

2'" typ

0 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-11

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C518. A reinforced concrete beam section is shown in the figure.
Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
fe = 3,000 psi, fy = 60,000psi
Zero axial load.

The
design flexural strength (kip • ft) of the beam section, for positive moment
bending is most nearly:

(A) 81
125
140
155

2'- 8"

1' - 4 "
3 #8

8'

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-12

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C519. A reinforced concrete beam section is shown in the figure.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:

fe = 5,000 psi, fy = 60,000psi

Zero axial load.

The strength reduction factor, o, for positive bending moment is most nearly:

(A) 0.65

(B) 0.75
0.85
0.90

#7

1' - 6 "
#9

2" typ

9"

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-13

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C520.
A portion of a reinforced concrete multi-story unbraced frame is shown in the figure.
Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
fer = 4,000 psi, fy = 60,000psi

The effective length factor k of

typical column is most nearly:

1.4
1.6
1.8
(D) 2.0

25'-0" 25'-0" 25'-0"

1 -6

14"
typ Ig= 9000in4 13'-0"

13'-0"

'- 6'

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-14

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C521. A column cross-section and the corresponding non-dimensional PM interaction
diagram are shown in the figure. Transverse reinforcement is circular hoops.
Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.
Design data:
D = 137kips, L= 54kips
M, = 53kip ft, M = 21kip ft
f = 4,000psi, fy = 60,000psi
= 0.8

The minimum required number of bars is most nearly:

(A) 5
(B)
(C) 9
(D) 11

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 #6 barS

T1

S,- 60

0.6

025

R = P,el ',A,h

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-10

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C522. A column cross-section is shown in the figure.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
fe = 3,000 psi, fy = 60,000psi

The design axial strength (kips) of the column is most nearly:

(A) 335

(B) 360

(C) 390
(D) 415

1'-2"

#3 Spiral

1' - 2 "
#6

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-17

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c523. A column that is part of a non-sway building frame system is shown in the figure.
Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:

Column loads as shown in the figure. t

Column critical buckling load P = 1800kips
Assumptions:
Column is slender.

The moment magnification factor for column design is most nearly:

(A) 1.0
(B) 1.2
(C) 1.4
(D) 1.6

Pu= 222 kips

M = 1000 kip* in

M = 1000 kip" in

( = 225 kips

2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-18

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C524. A column that is part of a non-sway building frame system is shown in the figure.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Column loads as shown in the figure.

Column critical buckling load P = 2400kips

Assumptions:
Column is slender.

The moment magnification factor for column design is most nearly:

(A) 0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50

P.= 597 kips

M,= 300 kip in

JMy= 1200 kip•in

1P, 600 kips

Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-19

C 2022
ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C525. A beam support is shown in the figure.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:

Assumptions:
Beam and support plate are sufficient.

Support width is sufficient.

The design bearing strength (kips) at the support is most nearly:

(A) 85

(B) 100

115
130

4 12"

Pu

ELEVATION PLAN

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C526. A simply supported beam is shown in the figure.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

The required shear strength (kips) at beam critical section is most nearly:

(A) 41
(B) 47
53
59

D=0.9 kIf. L=1.25 kIf

#6
#4

12". typ 1' - 6 "

#10
30'-0"

SECTION NEAR SUPPORT

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-21

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C527. A reinforced concrete beam section is shown in
the figure.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:

Normal weight concrete: f. = 3600psi

Yield stress of steel:
fy = 60,000psi

The design shear strength (kips) of the beam is most nearly:

(A) 31

(B) 41

(c) 48

(D) 65

2 #4

#3 @ 4"

#8

10"

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-22

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C528. A reinforced concrete column section is shown in the figure.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Column Axial load Py 200 kips
Normal weight concrete: fe = 3600psi
Yield stress of steel: fy = 60,000psi

The nominal concrete shear strength, ⅙ (kips) of the section is most nearly:

(A) 31

(B) 41
48
65

2'-0"

11/2" cir
10 #8

#4 hoops

(C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-23

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C529. A reinforced concrete beam section is shown in the figure.
Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data;
Required shear strength V,, = 34kips
Normal weight concrete: f. = 3600psi
Yield stress of steel: fy 60,000psi

The minimum shear stirrup spacing (in.) required is most nearly:

(A)

10

3 #5

1'-4" #3 Stirrups
3 #9

9"

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-24

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C530. A reinforced concrete column connected to a footing through rebar dowels is shown

in the figure.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Column-footing interface is free of laitance and intentionally roughened to a ¼"
amplitude.
Normal weight concrete: fc = 4000psi
Yield stress of steel: fy: 60,000psi

Assumptions:
Dowels are adequately developed at both ends.

The design shear strength (kips) at column-footing interface is most nearly:

100
120
150
190

D=95 kips
L=55 kips

4 #6

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-25

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C531. A 14-in.
diameter reinforced concrete column is supported on a footing. Column
main reinforcement is #9 bars.
Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:

Normal weight concrete: f. = 6000psi

Yield stress of steel: fy =
60,000psi

The minimum embedment length (in.) to develop the column longitudinal bars
(compression) into the footing is most nearly:
14
16
18
21

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-26

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C532. A reinforced concrete beam column connection is shown in the figure.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fc = 3600psi
Yield stress of steel: fy : 60,000 psi
Bars are uncoated.

Clear cover over transverse reinforcement is ¾".

The minimum embedment length (in.) to develop the beam top bars (tension) into
the joint is most nearly:

(A) 30

(B) 39

(c) 45

(D) 53

#6

#3

#6

10"

(© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-27

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C533.
A reinforced concrete beam column connection is shown in the figure.
Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:

Normal weight concrete: £! = 3200psi

Yield stress of steel: fy 60,000psi
Beam section is 12in. wide.
Clear cover over transverse reinforcement is ¾".
Bars are uncoated.

The
minimum embedment length (in.) to develop the beam top bars (tension) into
the joint is most nearly:

12
16

#6

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-28

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C534. A reinforced concrete beam column connection is shown in the figure.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fe = 3200psi
Yield stress of steel: fy 60,000psi
Bars are uncoated.

Clear cover over transverse reinforcement is ¾".

Assumptions:
Bars are under compression for all load cases.
All column bars are spliced.

The minimum required splice length (in.) of the column longitudinal bars is most

nearly:

25
30
33

39

#8 bars

#3 @ 6"

1'-4"

COLUMN SECTION

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-29

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C535. A prestressed beam with uniform load is shown in the figure.
D+

The least appropriate prestressing path is:

(A)

Centroid of
štrands

(B)
Sartroid of

(C)

Centroid of
Strands

(D)

Centroid of
Strands

0 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-30

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C536. A prestressed beam with uniform load is shown in the figure.
D+L

The most appropriate prestressing path is:

(A) Centroid of
Strands

(B) Centroid of
Strands

(C) Centroid of
Strands

D)

Centroid of
Strands

o 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-31

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C537. A prestressed beam with uniform load is shown in the figure.
D+L

The most appropriate prestressing path is:

(A)

Centroid of
Štrands

(B) Centroid of
Strands

(C)

Centroid of
Strands

(D) Centroid of
Strands

O 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-32

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C538. The cross section for a prestressed beam is shown in the figure. Beam span is 60 ft.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
0.6" diameter low relaxation strands are used.

[py = 243ksi
Area of single strand is A, = 0.217in4
Stress at release is 175ksi (after initial losses)

Top fiber stress at beam midspan due to beam self-weight is 0.94ksi

The mid-span top fiber stress (ksi) at release is most nearly:

0.01 (tension)
0.25 (tension)
1.99 (compression)
3.87 (compression)

3' - 0" in

(C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-33

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C539. The cross section for a prestressed beam is shown in the figure. Beam span is 60
ft.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
0.6" diameter low relaxation strands are used.

Jpu = 270ksi,
Area of a single strand is As = 0.217in-
Stress
at release is 175ksi (after initial losses)
Top fiber stress at beam midspan due to beam self-weight is 0.94ksi

The mid-span bottom fiber stress (ksi) at release is most nearly:

0.01 (tension)
0.25 (tension)
1.99 (compression)
3.87 (compression)

2'-0"

3'-0"

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-34

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C540. The cross section for a prestressed beam is shown in the figure. Beam span is 60 ft.

Design Code:

PCI Design Handbook: Precast and Prestressed Concrete, 7th edition, 2010.

Design data:
Beam cross-section area 864 in2
Beam section modulus 5184 in2

Prestressing force at release 800 kips

Top fiber stress at beam midspan due to beam self-weight is 0.94ksi

The concrete stress distribution at mid-span at release is most nearly:

(A) (B) (C) Top Fiber

Bottom Fiber

Prestressing
3'-0" Strands

in in

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-35

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C541. The cross section for a prestressed beam 45 ft.
is shown in the figure. Beam span is

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
0.6" diameter low relaxation strands are used.

Spu = 270ksi,
Area of a single strand is A, = 0.217in2
Stress at release is 175ksi (after initial losses)
Top fiber stress at beam midspan due to beam self-weight is 0.89ksi

Section Properties:
Ag = 448in2,

The mid-span top fiber stress (ksi) at release is most nearly:

0.01 (tension)
0.40 (tension)
0.65 (compression)
2.69 (compression)

3'-0"

2 ' - 3"

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-36

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C542. The cross section for a prestressed beam is shown in the figure. Beam span is 45 ft.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
0.6" diameter low relaxation strands are used.

Area of a single strand is A, = 0.217in-

Stress at release is 175ksi (after initial losses)
Top fiber stress at beam midspan due to beam self-weight is 0.89ksi

Section Properties:
Ag = 468in2, g = 31100in4.

The mid-span bottom fiber stress (ksi) at release is most nearly:

(A) 0.01 (tension)

0.40 (tension)
0.65 (compression)
2.65 (compression)

3'-0"

2'-3" in

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-37

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C543. A simply supported prestressed girder is shown in the figure. Girder span is 90.0 ft.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Effective
prestressing force: P, = 715 kips
Beam self-weight: Wow 800 lbs/ft.
Modulus of elasticity of Concrete: Ec = 4000 ksi
Girder Moment of inertia: 1g = 250,000 in.4

The mid-span camber (in.) from the effects of prestressing and girder self-weight is
most nearly:

0.21" (down)
0.21" (up)
1.18" (down)
(D) 1.39" (up)

45'-0" 45'-0"

25.0"
CG of Girder

15.0" Prestressing

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-38

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C544. A simply
supported prestressed girder is shown in the figure. Girder span is 80.0 ft.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Effective prestressing force: Pf = 735 kips
Beam self-weight: Wew = 750 lbs/ft.
Modulus of elasticity of Concrete: Ec. = 4000 ksi
Girder Moment of inertia: [g = 240,000 in.4

The mid-span camber (in.) from the effects of prestressing and girder self-weight is
most nearly:

0.60" (up)
0.72" (down)
1.32" (up)
2.04" (down)

80'-0"

15.0"
CG of Girder
CG of
Prestressing

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-39

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C545.
A cast-in-place slab composite with a beam is shown in the figure. Top of the
precast beam is free of laitance and roughened to a ¼" amplitude.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fe = 3600psi
Yield stress of steel:
60,000psi
Required vertical shear strength V, = 44kips

The maximum stirrup spacing (in) for beam-slab composite action is most nearly:

12

1'-6" #3
11½/2"

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-40

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 C546.
A cast-in-place slab composite with a beam is shown in the figure. Top of the
precast beam is
free of laitance and minimum ties are provided.
Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: f. = 3600psi
Yield
stress of steel: fy 60,000psi

The maximum design

shear strength (kips) for beam-slab composite action IS most
nearly:

(A) 16
21
26
31

2'-0" #3
11½/2"

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-41

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C547. in one direction and
A cast-in-place flat plate floor system with typical spans of 20 ft.
25 ft. in
the other direction is supported on square 16 in. columns.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.
Design data:

Normal weight concrete: f. = 4000psi

Yield stress of steel: fy = 60,000psi
Dead load including self-weight of slab is D = 120 psf
Live load is L = 75 psf.
Depth to tension reinforcement d = 7.5 in.

The required punching shear strength (kips) at a typical interior column is most
nearly:

88
98

117
130

C548. A cast-in-place flat plate floor system with typical spans of 20 ft. in one direction and
25 ft. in the other direction is supported on square 16 in. columns.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fc = 4000psi
Yield stress of steel: fy 60,000psi

Depth to tension reinforcement d= 7.5 in.

The design punching shear strength (kips) at typical edge column is most nearly:

89

119
134

179

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-42

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C549. A cast-in-place flat plate floor system with typical spans of 28 ft. in one direction and
32 ft. in the other direction is supported on square 24 in. columns.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fc = 4000psi
Yield stress of steel: fy = 40,000psi

The minimum required slab thickness (in.) near columns is most nearly:

10
12
13

C550. A cast-in-place flat slab floor system with typical spans of 20 ft. in one direction and

25 ft. in the other direction is supported on square 12 in. columns.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fer = 3600psi
Yield stress of steel: fy = 60,000psi

The minimum required slab thickness (in.) near columns is most nearly:

(A)

10
11

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C551. A cast-in-place flat plate floor system with typical spans of 22 ft. in one direction and

is supported on square 16 in. columns. Columns have

26 ft. in the other direction

shear caps as
shown in the figure.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fe = 4000psi
Yield stress of steel: fy 60,000psi
Depth to tension reinforcement d = 7.5 in.

The design punching shear strength (kips) at a typical interior column is most nearly:

(A) 180

(B) 215

(c) 240
(D) 285

Tension steel

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-44

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C552. A cast-in-place flat plate floor system with typical spans of 20 ft. in one direction and
25 ft. in the other direction is
supported on square 24 in. columns.
Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fe = 4000psi
Yield stress of steel:
fy = 60,000psi
Dead load including self-weight of slab is D = 120 psf
Live load is L = 75 psf.

The total factored static moment M. (kip •ft) in the short direction is most nearly:

(A) 134

165
268

330

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-45

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C553. A cast-in-place
flat plate floor system with typical spans of 22 ft. in one direction and
26 ft. in the other direction is
supported on square 24 in. columns. Typical corner
column and slab geometry is shown in the
figure.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: f. = 3600psi
Yield stress of steel: fy 60,000 psi
Depth to tension reinforcement d = 7.5 in.

The nominal punching shear strength (kips) at a typical corner column is most
nearly:

(A) 105

(B) 140

(c) 160

(D) 180

Edge of Slab

C Column

Edge of Slab

C Column

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-46

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C554. A cast-in-place flat plate floor system with typical spans of 22 It in one direction and
26 ft. in the other direction is supported on square 24 in, columns. Columns have
shear caps. Typical corner column and slab geometry is shown in the figure.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fe = 3200psi
Yield stress of steel: fy 60,000psi
Depth to tension reinforcement d = 7.5 in.

The design punching shear strength (kips) at a typical corner column is most nearly:

(A) 110

(B) 130
150
175

Edge
of Slab
Tension
steel

Edge
of Slab

C Column

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-47

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C555.
A cast-in-place beam-supported slab system with typical spans of 20 ft. in one
direction and 30 ft. in the
other direction is supported on square 24 in. columns.
Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:

Normal weight concrete: f. = 3600psi

Yield stress of steel: f, 60,000psi
Average beam to slab stiffness ratio = 1.0.

The minimum required slab thickness (in.) at interior panels is most nearly:

9
10
11

C556. A cast-in-place flat plate floor system with typical spans of 20 ft. in one direction and

25 ft. in the other direction is supported on square 16 in.

columns. Slab edges are
supported on spandrel beams. Typical beam section is 9 in. wide, and 9 in. deep
below bottom of slab.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fc = 4000psi
Yield stress of steel: fy 60,000psi

The minimum required slab thickness (in.) in the edge panels is most nearly:

8¾
9½

10¼

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-48

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C557. A cast-in-place flat plate floor system with typical spans of 26 ft. in each direction is
supported on 24 in.
square columns. Slab edges are supported on spandrel beams.
Typical spandrel beam section is 20 in. wide.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fer = 4000psi
Yield stress of steel: 60,000psi
Slab has uniform thickness h = 9.75 in.

The minimum required spandrel depth (in.) below bottom of slab is most nearly:

15
24

C558. A cast-in-place flat plate floor system with typical spans of 26 ft. in both directions is
supported on 20 in. square columns. Slab edges are supported on spandrel beams.
Typical spandrel beam section is 16 in. wide.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fe = 4000psi
Yield stress of steel: fy 60,000psi
Slab has uniform thickness h = 9.0 in.

The minimum required spandrel depth (in.) below bottom of slab is most nearly:

15
24

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-49

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C559. A cast-in-place shear wall is subject to in-plane shear. Wall is 30 ft. high and
15 ft.

long. Wall thickness is 6in.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: f. = 3000psi
Yield stress of steel: fy = 60,000psi
Wall required in-plane shear strength V = 230kips.

Assumptions:
Use simplified procedure to evaluate nominal shear strength of wall.

The minimum horizontal reinforcement is most nearly:

(A) #5 @21

(B) #5 @ 18

(c) #5 @ 15
(D) #5 @ 12

C560. A cast-in-place shear wall is subject to in-plane shear. Wall is 26 ft. high and 15 ft.
long. Wall thickness is 6in.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Normal weight concrete: fc = 3000psi
Yield stress of steel: fy = 60,000psi
Horizontal shear reinforcement is #5 @ 9

Wall required in-plane shear strength V, = 180kips.

The minimum required vertical wall reinforcement is most nearly:

#5 @18
(A)
#5 @ 15
#5 @ 12
#5 @ 9

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-50

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 C561. A precast bearing wall is shown in the figure. Top and bottom of the wall are braced
against sidesway.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:

Normal weight concrete: fc = 3000psi

Yield stress of steel: 60,000psi

Assumptions:
Applied load is concentric.
Wall does not resist flexural moments at the base.

Use empirical design method.

Footing is sufficient.
Soil bearing capacity is sufficient.

The maximum wall design Factored load W, (kips/ft) is most nearly:

(A) 24

(B) 48
72

(D) 96

18'-0"

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-51

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C562. A cast-in
anchor is shown in the figure.
Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code
requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Cast-in-place concrete, fer = 3000 psi
Steel Anchor: ½" 0, A307

Assumptions:
Concrete is not cracked under service loads.
Supplementary reinforcement is not used.

Perpendicular edge distance is greater than 24 in. on either side of the anchor.

Pedestal depth is greater than 24 in.

The design concrete breakout strength of anchor (lbs) in shear is most nearly:

1450
2000
2450
2900

c 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-52

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C563. A cast-in anchor is shown in the
figure.

Design Code:
ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Cast-in-place concrete, fc = 3000 psi
Steel Anchor: ⅓" 0, A307,

Assumptions:
Concrete is cracked under service loads.
Supplementary reinforcement is used.
Except for edge near stud, distance to other edges is greater than 24 in.
Pedestal depth is greater than 12 in.

The design concrete breakout strength of anchor (lbs) in shear is most nearly:

2400
3200
4600
5700

ELEVATION PLAN

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-53

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C564. A cast-in anchor is shown in the figure.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:

Cast-in-place concrete, f. = 2500 psi

Steel Anchor: ½" p, A307

Assumptions:
Concrete is cracked under service loads.
Supplementary reinforcement is not used.
Perpendicular edge distance is greater than 24 in. on either side of the anchor.

The design concrete pryout strength of anchor (lbs) in shear is most nearly:

(A) 7950

(B) 6200
4300
2900

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-54

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C565. A cast-in anchor is shown in the figure.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Cast-in-place concrete, fc = 2500 psi
Steel Anchor: ½" 0, A307

Assumptions:
Concrete is not cracked under service loads.
Supplementary reinforcement is used.
Perpendicular edge distance is greater than 24 in. on either side of the anchor.

The design concrete breakout strength of anchor (lbs) in tension is most nearly:
(A) 4500

(B) 5500

(c) 7600

(D) 9600

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page P-55

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C566. A cast-in anchor is shown in
the figure.

Design Code:

ACI318-14: Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete, 2014.

Design data:
Cast-in-place concrete, fe = 2500 psi
Steel Anchor: ½" p, A307, Anchor Area: = 0.196 in.2
Ag
Anchor head diameter: 0 = 1.0"

Assumptions:
Concrete is not cracked under service loads.
Perpendicular edge distance is greater than 24 in. on all sides.

The design pull out strength of anchor (lbs) in tension is most nearly:

(A) 11500
14000
16500
18900

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 PE PROBLEM SET-SOLUTIONS

Page S-1
C22022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE
ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C501. Solution:

3'-6"

#5 @6 #4 @ 12

1' - 8" #7, tot 8

1.5" clr, typ

'-0"

Maximum aggregate size is the lesser of:

(a) 1/5 the narrowest dimension between sides of forms, 12/5 = 2.4in.
(b) 1/3 the depth of slab, and, 5/3
(c) ¾ the maximum clear spacing between bars:

Vertical: 0.75 • 1.75 = 1.3125in

Horizontal:

The distance from the concrete side face to bar closest to edge is equal to the cover plus

one stirrup bar diameter plus the larger of ½ the longitudinal bar diameter or two times the

stirrup bar diameter.

0.75. (12 - 2 .1.5-5• 0.5-3 * 0.875)/3 = 0. 97 in Controls

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

C502. Solution:

Water storage facility requires concrete with low permeability [Link] = 4000psi

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS C

Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-3

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C503. Solution:

Cast-in-place normal weight concrete is exposed to freezing-and-thawing cycles and is in

continuous
contact with moisture: Exposure category F2.
Maximum nominal size of coarse aggregate is 1": Air content 6%

fe = 5500psi > 5000psi: 1% reduction in air content allowed. Use 5%.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

C504. Solution:

Adding field water to the mix is not allowed.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

C505. Solution:

11/2" cir

11/2" cir

2 • 1.5 + 16 1 = 19in.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS C

C506. Solution:

¾" aggregate, maximum aggregate size is ¾ clear spacing => min clear spacing =4/3*3/4=1"

(10 - 2 - (0.375 + 0.75) - 0.75)/ (0.75 + 1) = 4 spaces

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

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C507. Solution:

Shrinkage and temperature steel required perpendicular to mail flexural steel

Per Table [Link], Pts = 0.0018 • 60,000/80,000 = 0.00135 2 0.0014

Ats = 0.0014 • 4 12 = 0.0672

Using #3 bars requires spacing s = (0.11/0.0672) 12 = 19.64in ≤ 18in

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS C

C508. Solution:

Up to 20% difference in length of adjacent spans is allowed.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

C509. Solution:

(A) Moment redistribution is permitted for tension controlled sections only:

True.

Tension controlled sections have E, 2 0.005. Moment redistribution is

only allowed for &t 2 0.0075
(B) Redistribution of negative moments in a beam increases the beam's required
positive moment strength: True.
Redistribution of negative moment means reducing the design negative
moment. In order to maintain static equilibrium, as is required, positive
moment must increase.

(C) Negative moments computed using the approximate method of ACI Section
6.5 may not be reduced using moment redistribution: True.
This is a requirement of 6.5.3.
(D) Only redistribution of negative moments is allowed: Not true.

Both positive and negative moment redistribution is allowed.

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C510. Solution:

From Table 24.2.2, the deflection limit is 1/480 = 30 • 12/480 = 0.75in.

This is the deflection that occurs after placement of attachments.
Additional beam
deflection after 3 months is 1.0 imitial
Additional beam deflection after years is 2.0^initial

Net beam long term deflection after placement of attachments is:

2.0 intial - 1.04 initial= 1.04 initial≤ 0.75in

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS D

C511. Solution:

Concrete stress-strain is non-linear

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

C512. Solution:

When deflections are not computed minimum span to depth ratios are given in ACI Table
[Link]. See Table 3.1 of the class notes

For a cantilever beam with clear span of 15'-0", and grade 40 reinforcement =>

15
1.5 ft.= 18.0 in.
10 10

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

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C513. Solution:

U = 1.2D + 1.6L = 1.2 - 0.9 + 1.6 0.75 = 2.28klf

Use section 8.3.3: 20'-0"

20'-0" 24'-0"

1.333 = 18.667ft.

n2 = 24 - 1.333 = 22.667ft

In is the average, or 20.667ft

Controlling moment is @ face of first interior support. The average of adjacent spans must
be used.

M= Wl, /10 = 2.28 • (20.667)-/10 = 97.4kip • ft

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

C514. Solution:

Maximum tension reinforcement is implicitly specified through the limit on Et

For a beam with axial load less than 0.10fc Ag: & 2
0.004. This is satisfied when:

A, - As
<
0.36491 7, A, ≤ As 1(0.3649 5) typ

#10

3600
A, ≤ 4 -0.44 + 16 22 • 0.364 • 0.85 60000
7 typ

1'-4"
= 8.29in-, or 6 #10 bars.

Minimum center to center spacing is bar diameters: = (16 4)/5 = 2.4in < 2 •

1.27 = 2.56 Use 5 bars

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

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C515. Solution:

Since the area of compression steel is small

compared to
tension steel, we will ignore its contribution to flexural
strength, keeping in mind that the inclusion of compression #5

reinforcement will result in slightly higher flexural strength:

typ

M, = Asfy (d -5) 1.7f.b

#10

=4:127-60 (22 - 1,127 00) typ

5757 kip • in.

M.m = 480 kip • ft

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

C516. Solution:

4 - 0.79 - 60
a
0.85 f' b 0.85 . 3.2 • 12

4.6 (d-g)=4-0.79-60(16-58) 4 #8

= 2483kip • in
typ
Determine steel tensile strain:
1'-0"

& = 0.003 ( 1) = 0003 (bac 0.003 (0.85

5.81
16 = 0.00402 < 0.005

Section is in the transition zone

o = 0.65 + 83.33(E; - 0.002) = 0.65 + 83.33(0.00402 - 0.002) = 0.818

pM, = 0.818 2483 = 2031kip • in = 169kip ft

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-8

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C517. Solution:

Strength reduction factor for beam lexure is a function of

tension steel strain.
#6

First ignore compression steel:

2 ' - 0"
4 1.27 60 4 #10
a = 6.22in
0.85 • 3.6 16

typ
a 6.22
'-4"
B1 = 0.85 = 7.32 in.
0.85

d - c 22- 7.32
= 0.003 0.33 . 0.006 > 0.005 Tension controlled section
7.32

Including the effects of compression reinforcement will increase the tension steel strain, which
would not change the conclusion that the section is tension controlled, therefore o = 0.9.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS D

C518. Solution:

3•0.79•60
a
= 1.743in
0.85 'b 0.85-3•32

M, = 3:0.79-60(14 - 129
Mm = 1867kip • in

By inspection, section is tension

controlled:

p = 0.9

oMn = 0.9 - 1867 = 1680kip •in

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS C

Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-9

© 2022 Dr.
ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
 C519. Solution:

Strength reduction factor for beam flexure is a

function of tension
steel strain.

#7
First ignore compression steel:

4 • 1.0 - 60
a
#9
0.85 f. b 0.85 • 5.9

a 6.27 typ
B1 = 0.80 = 7.84 in.
0.80

18- 7.84
E, = 0.003. = 0.33 . - ' 0.0039 < 0.005 Section in transition zone
7.84

Section contains top and bottom steel: Solve quadratic in c (neutral axis depth).

87 A'd'
c2. C

0.85 B.f. b

87, 4.60 - 87 . 4. 0.6

B = = 1.02
0.85 • 0.8. 5.9

87 2.4+2
C = 13.65
0.85 - 0.8 - 59

VB2 + 4C 1.02 + /1.022 + 4 • 13.65

4.24

0.003 0.003 (19-1)= 0,0083 tension controlled section

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS D

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-10

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C520. Solution

25'-0" 25'-0" 0"

6"

typ
4' x 14"
L 9000int 13' 0"

== 3200in 13' -0"

:6"

= 4 = ( El /L)/( El /Lw)

X / = 07-3200/145= 1545
100 0

/ly = 0.35-9000/25 = 126

= 4 = 154.5/126 = 1.27
K = 1.4

C RRECI ANVS VV K I A

Page S-11
12022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE
02
ALL. RRIGHTS
AL Reserved.
 C521. Solution:
2.0

16

14

#b Dar S

10

ho0pS

0 6

0.4

0.2

0.0
0 n
[Link]

= P l ,"

P = 1.2D + 1.6L = 1.2 +137 + 1.6 * 54 = 250.8kips

My = 1.2M, + 1.6 = 1.2 +53 + 1.6 * 21 = 97.2kip* ft = 1166kip* in

Assume section is compression controlled. Circular hoops = 0.65

Nominal axial strength Pn = Pu/ = 250.8/0.65 = 386kips

Nominal flexural strength M„ = Mu/ = 1166/0.65 = 1794kip * in

K„ = Pn/f Ag = 386/(4 + 201) = 0.48

R„ * = M„/f'Agh
„h = 1794/ (4. 20116) = 0.14

Required steel is just under 2%, say 1.9%

As = 0.019 201 = 3.819in Use 9 bars

I nC CURRECI AIVSVC I

0 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-12

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C522. Solution:

Spiral reinforced column -

#3 Spiral

6 #6

"'-2"
Ag - Ast = 14 14 - 6 • 0.44 = 193.36

pPn = 0.85 • 0.75 [0.85 • 3 • 193.36 + 60 • 6 • 0.44]

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS D

C523. Solution:

222 kips

\My= 1000 kip-in

JMy= 1000 kip•in

225 kips

Non-Sway building frame Cm/(1- P1/0.75Pc)

Single curvature M1/M2 is positive.

Cm = 0.6 + 0.4 • 1000/1000 = 1.0

1.0
= 1.2
225
0.75P. 0.75 • 1800

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-13

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C524. Solution:

[P.= 597 kips

Non-Sway building frame
= Cm/(1- P,/0.75Pc) M., = 300 kip-in

Double curvature
M,/ M2 is negative.
Cm =
0.6 - 0.4 • 300/1200 = 0.5

0.5
6 = kip-in
- = 0.75 J My= 1200
600
0.75P. 0.75 • 2400 [P, - 600 kips

Moment magnification cannot be less than one; otherwise it would be a reduction not
magnification.
You have to either design for the
factored moments, or magnified factored moments, but never for
reduced moments, at least not as a result of slenderness. Since o is less than 1, use 1.0

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

C525. Solution:

12"

ELEVATION PLAN

Bearing area A, = 4 • 6 = 24in-

Similar area is 2 in. larger all around A2 2) (2+ 6+ 2) = 80in2

80
= = 1.826 < 2
24

= 0.65(0.85 • 3.6 • 24 • 1.826) = 87.15kips

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-14

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C520. Solution:

i
(

2 #6 #4

12", typ tt uili

30 –0" 4 #10

C|

SE CTION NE AR sUPPORT

sa

h
Shear is computed at d away from face of support, or;
6+ 18 – 1 – 0.5 – 1.27/2 = 21.865in. from CL support.

Vy = (1.2 0.9+ 1.6 *1.25) * (30/2 – 21.865/12) = 40.6kips

THE CcORRECT ANSwER IS A

C527. Solution:

2 #4
d = 16 – 0.75 – 0.375 – 0.5 = 14.375in
#3 a 4"
V = 2byd = 23600-10 +14.375 = 17.25kips

= A =2 0n1-6 3= 47,43kips 4

V = V,+V, = 17.25 + 47.43 = 64.68kips

V = 0.75 64.68 =— 48.54kips

IHE CURRECI ANSWER I

0 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-15

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C528. Solution:

=2(1+z000A, Pu
*g /
V(0.8D )

200
V. =2(1-+
* 2.* 452)r 3600 (0.8 * 24?) = 67.4kips 1" clr
10

#4 0 4 hoops

THE cORRECT ANSWER IS D

C529. Solution:

d = 16 – 1.5 – 0.375 – 1.128/2 = 13.56 ine

V. = 2 b d = 2V360 9. 13.56 = 14.6 kips #3 Stirrups
3 #9

V, = Vu/ – V = 34/0.75 – 14.6 = 30.7 kips

, = 307 =A 3-011-60- 13.5.56

1V2" clr

268.5
S =- = 8.75 in.
30.7

4b„d = 29.2 kips <V, = Spacing not to exceed d/4 or 12"

d/4 =13.56 = 3.39 in.

l
THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

O 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
Page S10
C530. Solution:

D=95 kips
L=55 kips

- 16"d

#6

Concrete cast against hardened concrete, with surface

intentionally roughened, u = 1.0

(Aps fy + PD) = (4 • 0.44 • 60 + 95) • 1.0 = 200.6kips

Maximum shear friction for fc = 4000psi is:

[Link] = 0.2fc Ac = 0.2 • 4 201 : 161kips Maximum shear friction controls,

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

C531. Solution:

Compression development length is computed as:

lac = 0.02 Fy//fe dp = 0.02 • 60,000/ 6,000 d; = 15.49d, ≤ 0.0003f,d, = 18d,

ldc = 18 1.128 = 20.3in

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS D

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-17

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C532. Solution:

#6

4" clr
#3
#3

#6

4" clr
10"

Concrete under bar exceeds 12", bars are top bars, multiply development length by =
1.3

Bar spacing s = (10 – 2 -(0.75 +0.375) – 0.75)/3 = 2.333 > 3d,

Clear spacing >2dy, and cover>» dy, for #6 bars la = [2400/ d, = (2400/3600
0.75 = 30in.

a = |240 /fd,= 1.3 ▇ ▇ =39in.

In CUn E I AIVSVVC I5 B

0 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-18

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C533. Solution:

Uncoated bar Ve = 1.0

60,000
lah = 0.02te db = 0.02 • 0.75 = 15.91in.
V3200

Assuming the hook tail has at least 2" of cover behind it, we can

reduce the development by 30%

lah = 0.7 • 15.91 = 11.14in, say 12in.

With hook embedment of 12 there will be more than 2 in. behind the hook tail< OK

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS C

C534. Solution:

#8 bors

#3 @ 6"

COLUMN SECTION

All bars are in compression:

Transverse reinforcement is #3 @ 6 ties = 2 • 0.11 = 0.22

0.00 15hs = 0.0015 16 • ( 0.0015 • 16 • 6 = 0.144 < 0.22 , Use compr. splice Case 2

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-19

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C535. Solution:

The least appropriate prestressing path is?

These types of problems are best answered by plotting the moment diagram shape on top of the
PT paths.

(A) y

Moment

(B) Moment

C)

Moment

D)

Moment

B, C, and D could be made to work. A is on the wrong side of the beam

THE cORRECT ANSWER IS A

2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-20

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C536. Solution:

The most appropriate prestressing path is?

These types of problems are best answered by plotting the moment diagram shape on top of the
PT paths.

Moment
(A

(B) Moment

* Moment
(c)

(D Moment

A matches the moment diagram best.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

0 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-2I

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C537. Solution:

The most appropriate prestressing path is?

Monent
(A)

Monent
(B)

* Monent
(c)

D) Monen

C matches the moment diagram best.

IhE URiEI AIV VV I

2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
Page S- L
C538. Solution:

First compute section properties:

A = bh = 36 24 = 864in2

I = bh3/12 = 24 363/12 = 93312in+

S= 1/c = 93312/18 = 5184in3

Prestress eccentricity e = (36/2) -
Initial prestress force P, = 20Asfpi = 20 0.217 • 175 = 760kips

Top fiber stress (PS+SW):

Pi Pie 760 760 14
+ 0.94 = -0.023ksi (tension)
A 864 5184

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

C539. Solution:

First compute section properties:

A = bh = 36 24 = 864in-
= bh3/12 = 24 • 363/12 = 93312in4
Ch = c = h/2 = 18in

S = 1/c = 93312/18 = 5184in3

Prestress eccentricity e = (36/2) - (5 + 3)/2 = 14in

Initial prestress force Pi = 20Asfpi - 22 • 0.217 • 175 = 760kips

Oswt = 0.94 -Oswt = -0.94 ksi
Bottom fiber stress (PS+SW):
Pie 760 760 14
0.94 =
1.99 ksi (Compression)
A s 864 5184

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS C

C 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-23

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C540. Solution:

(A) (B) (D) Top Fiber

Bottom Fiber

2'-0"

Prestressing
3'-0" Strands

Beam cross-section area 864 in2

Beam section modulus 5184 in-
Prestressing force at release 800 kips

Top fiber stress at beam midspan due to beam self-weight is 0.94ksi

Beam self-weight causes compression at the top of the beam, and tension at the bottom.
So if beam self-weight stress at the top is 0.94 ksi (compression), then beam self-weight
stress at the bottom is -0.94 ksi (tension)

Top fiber stress (PS+SW):

Pi Pie 800 800•14

Oti + Osw.t + 0.94 = -0.29ksi (tension)
A 864 5184

Bottom fiber stress (PS+SW):

Pi Pie 800 800 14

0.94 = 2.14 ksi
Obi
864 5184
(Compression)
A

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS C

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-24

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C541. Solution:

3'-0"

1 0. 3
1 6.7 "

Prestress eccentricity e = 27 - 10.3 - (5 + 3)/2 = 12.7in

Initial prestress force P; = 12Asfpi = 12 • 0.217 • 175 = 455.7kips
Top fiber stress (PS+SW):
Pi 455.7 455.7 12.7 10.3
Oti + Osw + 0.89 = -0.01 ksi (tension)
A 448 31100

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

C542. Solution:
3'-0"

1 0. 3 "
16.7".
Ch = 27 - Ct = 27 - 10.3 = 16.7 in
top of beam Oswt 0.89ksi
Self-weight stress at =

16.7
-0.89 -1.44ksi
Self-weight stress at bottom of beam Osw.b
= =
= -Osw.t 10.3

Prestress eccentricity e = 27 10.3 - (5 + 3)/2 = 12.7 in

Initial prestress force Pi = 12Asfpi = 12 • 0.217 • 175 = 455.7 kips
Bottom fiber stress (PS+SW):
455.7 455.7 • 12.7 • 16.7
Pi 1.44
468 31100
A

Tbi = 2.64 ksi (compression)

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS D

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-25

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C543. Solution:

45'-0" 45'-0"

25.0"
CG of Girder

CG of

15.0" Prestressing
Girder span is 90.0 ft.

Effective prestressing force: P, = 715 kips

Beam self-weight: Wsw = 800 lbs/ft.
Modulus of elasticity of Concrete: E. = 4000 ksi
Girder Moment of inertia: 1g 250,000 in.4

Mid-span camber (in.) from the effects of prestressing and girder self-weight?

Self-weight Deflection down: Asw: 5WswL4/(384Eclg)

5 x 0.8 X 904 X 123
1.18 in.
384 x 4000 X 250,000

Vertical Prestress force at mid-span: Vp = 4 Pe/L

4 X 715 x (25 - 5)
= 52.96 kips
90 x 12

Deflection due to vertical prestress resultant (up): Aps= V) L3/(48Ec1g)

52.96 X 903 X 123
= 1.39 in.
Aps= 48 X 4000 X 250,000

Net camber: Ac= Aps - D sw 1.39 - 1.18 = 0.21 in.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-26

©

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.

C544. Solution:

40'-0" 40'-0"

15.0"
CG of Girder

CG of
Prestressing

Girder span is 90.0 ft.

prestressing force: P, = 735 kips

Effective

Beam self-weight: Wsw = 750 lbs/ft.

Modulus of elasticity of Concrete: Eci = 4000 ksi

Girder Moment of inertia: 1g 240,000 in.4

Mid-span camber (in.) from the effects of prestressing and girder self-weight?

Self-weight Deflection down: Agw= 5WswL/(384Eclg)

Asw= 0.72 in.

384 x 4000 X 240,000

Prestress End moments: Mp Pre = 735 X 15 = 11,025 kip in.

Deflection due to prestress moments (up): Aps= Mp L2/(8Eclg)

1.32 in.
Aps=
8 x 4000 X 240,000

Net camber: Ac= Aps - Asw: 1.32 - 0.72 = 0.60 in.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-27

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C545. Solution:

d = 18 1.5 = 16.5in. = 1.375ft.

1' - 6 " 11½/2"

p(500b,d) = 0.75 0.5 . 9 - 165 OK

260

44/(0.75 . 9 • 16.5) - 0.26

Ps 2 0.00375 = 0.00375b = 0.0334 Controls
0.6 • 60 S

by V3600 50
0.75,/f. 0.75 9 = 0.007 in2/in > = • 9
60,000 60,000
0.0075 in2/in
Using #3 stirrups S = 2• 0.11/(0.0334) = 6.5in
Maximum spacing not to exceed the smaller of 4 times the least dimension of supported
element and 24 in.

Use #3 stirrups @ 6in.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

C546. Solution:

Top of the precast beam is free of laitance and minimum ties are provided.

Since it is not intentionally roughened: Vnh = 80b,d

d = 24 - 1.5 = 22.5 in.

-0
2 11/2"

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-28

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C547. Solution:

Critical shear perimeter is at d/2 from face of column.

Critical shear perimeter width and length is C + d 16 + 7.5 = 23.5 in.

Factored Load U = 1.2 • 120 + 1.6 • 75 = 264 psf

Area inside critical shear perimeter AD = (23.5/12)2 = 3.84 ft-

Required two-way shear V, U(A- Ao) = 0.264 • (20 • 25 - 3.84) = 131 kips

For a typical slab system, the computation of Ao can be skipped, as it won't change the
computation of the required shear strength by much.

For flat slabs, where the shear is being evaluated outside the drop panel, effect of Ao on
required shear strength is significant and should be considered.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS D

C546. Solution:

Design punching shear strength:

This is an edge column, so the shear perimeter is on 3 sides of the column only.
Shear perimeter bo = 2• (16+ 7.5/2) + (16 + 7.5) = 63 in.
Nominal shear is the smaller of:

(2+7)= (2+2)=6, bo 63
5.57, 4 controls

V4000
V = 4A/fc bod 63 • 7.5 = 119.5 kips
1000

Vc = 0.75 119.5 = 90 kips

EDGE COLUMN

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

Critical Shear

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C549. Solution:

Flat plate and 40 ksi steel => minimum thickness is

given by
Amin = 1,/36
L, = 32 - 24/12 = 30 ft.
hmin = 30 • 12/36 = 10 in.

Two-way slab system B Min h Min h Min n

Flat Plate (without drop panels)(1) ≤ 2.0 1/36 1/33 1/31

fy (psi) 40,000 60,000 75,000

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

C550. Solution:

Flat slab and 60 ksi steel => minimum slab thickness is given by

12/12 = 24 ft.
hmin = 24 • 12/36 = 8 in.

Thickness at columns should include drop panel. Minimum total thickness= 1.25hmin
1.25hmin = 1.25 • 8 = 10 in.

Min n
Two-way slab system Min h Min h

Flat Plate (without drop panels)(4) ≤ 2.0 1./36 L,,/33 1,/31

Flat Slab (with drop panels)2.4) ≤ 2.0 1./40 Im/36

fy (psi) 40,000 60,000 75,000

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS C

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-30

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C551. Solution:

Tension steel

The shear cap effectively increases the column width by 8 in. on each side, or a total
effective width of 16+ 2 • 8 = 32 in.

Shear perimeter is measured from the effective column width:

Shear perimeter bo = 4 • (32 + 7.5) = 158 in.

Design punching shear strength:

Nominal shear is the smaller of:

and

40 • 7
3.89 controls
158

(4000
V = 3.89A/Fe bod = 3.89 • -1000
•158 • 7.5 =
291.5 kips

oVc = 0.75 291.5 = 219 kips

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-31

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C552. Solution:

Compute total factored static moment M. (kip : ft) in the short direction.
Total static moment is computed as:

M, =

1= Clear span length in the direction moments are being computed

12 = Average of adjacent transverse spans ([Link]).
In = 20 - 2 = 18 ft.
12 = 25 ft.
Factored Load
U = 1.2 • 120 + 1.6 • 75 = 264 psf
0.264 • 25 182
MO 267.3kip•ft

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS C

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-32

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C553. Solution:

Edge of Slab

1'-0"
_ 2 ' - 0" C Column

Edge of Slab

C Column

Normal weight concrete: fe = 3600psi, 1 = 1.0

Depth to tension reinforcement d = 7.5 in.

The effective shear perimeter is shown in dashed lines. Another possible punching shear
perimeter is d/2 all around the column. The smaller of these two perimeters must be used.

4 • (24 + 7.5) = 126 in.

Shear perimeter bo = 2 • (24+ 12+ 7.5/2) = 79.5 in.

Nominal shear is the smaller of:

and 41/fibod

(2+1) - (2+1) =6. (2 + 4d)=1

7.5
= 3.89 controls
79.5

V3600
V. 3.891 /febod = 3.89 • 1000
10 - • 79.5 • 7.5 = 139.2 kips

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-33

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C554. Solution:

Edge,
ofSlab
Tension
S

Ed iob
| I

12"

Normal weight concrete: f = 3200psi = 1.0

Yield stress of steel: fy = 60,000psi

Depth to tension reinforcement d = 7.5 in.

The effective shear perimeter is shown in thick dashed lines.

Shear perimeter bo = 2 (24 + 12 + 12 + 7.5/2) = 103.5 in.

Nominal shear is the smaller of:

(z+ F a (2+ ) d, and4 , byd

(2+ )-( + - (2+ )-(2+1) - 345 - coatrels
V = [Link] = 3.45 +1.0. V320. 103.5+7.5 = 151.5 kips
1000

Design punching shear strength:

V, = 0.75 -151.5 = 113.6 kips

THE cORRECT ANSwER IS A

2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-34

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C555. Solution:

Normal weight concrete: fd = 3600psi

Yield stress of steel: fy = 60,000psi
Average beam to slab stiffness ratio a/m = 1.0.

Min h Min h
Two-way slab system

L./36 1/34

Two-Way Beam-Supported Slab(3) 1./37

fy (psi) 40,000 60,000 75,000

Span aspect ratio B = 30/20 = 1.5

Interpolate between the limits for B = 1, and B = 2.

1/36 = 28 • 12/36 = 9.33 in.

1 /40 = 28 • 12/40 = 8.4 in.

hmin = (9.33 + 8.4)/2 = 8.865 in.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-35

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C556. Solution:

For interior
panels minimum slab thickness h = 1/33
In = 25 - 1.333 =
23.667 ft.
h = 23.667/33 = 0.717 ft = 8.61 in., say 8.75 in.
Edge panel thickness must be increased by 10% unless beam relative stiffness At 2 0.8.

Beam is 9 in. wide by 9 in.

deep below bottom of slab. Total beam depth including slab is
17.75in.

b = 9 in.
b/h = 1.03

a = 17.75 in. a/h = 2.03

Use Table on page 112 of handout

b+(a-h)≤b+4h

1,=(ba3/12)f

0.4 1.0 1.311

0.6 1.0
0.8 1.01
1.0 1.01

1.6 1.
1.8
2.0 1.0 1.06 1.50 1.46

2.5 1.0 1.05 1.08 1.1

Say f = 1.38, then Ip = (ba3/12)f = (9 • 17.75$/12) 1.38 = 5788 in4

Is = b,h3/12 = 12.5 12 • 8.75$/12 = 8374 in+

at= (Ecblo)/(Ecsls) = 5788/8374 = 0.69 < 0.8 Increase slab thickness by 10% for

edge panels.

Edge panel thickness he = 1.1 . 8.61 = 9.47 in.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS C

© 2022 Dr. Foued Zayati, PhD, SE, PE Page S-36

ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C557. Solution:

For interior panels minimum slab thick h = 1/33

L, = 26 - 2.0 = 24.0 ft.

h = 24/33 = 0.73 ft = 8.73 in.

Edge panel thickness must be increased by 10% unless beam relative stiffness a+ ≥ 0.8.

1.1h = 8.73 1.1 = 9.6 in. This thickness is adequate for at < 0.8.

Slab has uniform thickness h = 9.75 in.

Since 1.1h is less than the actual slab thickness of 9.75 in., no beam is required.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

C558. Solution:

For interior panels minimum slab thickness h = 1/33

In = 26 - 2.0 = 24.0 ft.

h = 24/33 = 0.73 ft = 8.73 in.

Edge panel thickness must be increased by 10% unless beam relative stiffness a; ≥ 0.8.

1.1h = 8.73 • 1.1 = 9.6 in. This thickness is adequate for at < 0.8.

Slab has uniform thickness h = 9.00 in < 9.6 provide spandrel with at ≥ 0.8.

Is = b,h3/12 = 13 12.93/12 = 9477 in4

at = 0.8 = (Ecblo)/(Ecsls) Ip = 0.8/, = 0.8 • 9477 = 7582 in.2

Ip = (ba /12)f. Say f = 1.3 a = V121p/(bf) = /12 • 7582/(16 • 1.3) = 16.4 in.

Say 17 in. b/h = 16/9 = 1.78, and a/h = 17/9 = 1.88 f = 1.38

Ip = (ba3/12)f = (16 173/12) • 1.38 = 9040 in4 + OK

Depth below slab is 17 - 9 = 8 in.

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

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C559. Solution:

Wall is 30 ft. high and 15 ft. long. Wall thickness is 6in.

Normal weight concrete: fe = 3000psi
Yield stress of steel: fy = 60,000psi
Wall required in-plane shear strength V, = 230kips.
Use simplified procedure to evaluate nominal shear strength of wall.

V3000
V= 2/find = 2/Fe h(0.81,) = •6 0.8 •15 • 12 = 94. 6kips
1000
Required V = ⅒/ o V = 230/0.75 - 94.6 = 212 kips
212
= 0.0245
60 . 0.8.15 • 12
Using #5 bars S= 0.31/0.0245 = 12.63 in. Use #5 @ 12

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS D

C560. Solution:

Wall is 26 ft. high and 15 ft. long. Wall thickness is 6in.

Normal weight concrete: fc = 3000psi

Yield stress of steel: fy = 60,000psi
Horizontal shear reinforcement is #5 @

Wall required in-plane shear strength V = 180kips.

V3000
V. = 2/fahd = 2/fch(0.8lw) 24
1000
• 6 0.8 • 15 • 12 = 94. 6kips

¢V = 0.75 • 94.6 = 71kips

Since V > ¢⅙ = P1 2 0.0025 + O.5 (2.5 - tyr) (Pc - 0.0025) ≤ P. (see page 14-7)
= 0.31/(9 • 6) = 0.0057

P1 2 0.0025 0.5 (2.5 - 45) (0.0057 0.0025) = 0.0039

PL = 0.31/(6• s) 0.31/(6p1) = 0.31/(6 0.0039) = 13.25 in

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS C

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C561. Solution:

18'-0"

30'-0"

Top and bottom of the wall are braced against sidesway: K = 1.0

Normal weight concrete: fc = 3000psi

Yield stress of steel: fy = 60,000psi

Applied load is concentric: Use the empirical design method of ACI 14.5.1

Use empirical design method

Footing is sufficient.
Soil bearing capacity is sufficient.

4.22 kips/in = 50.7klf

Deduct wall self-weight:

W,, = W - 1.2 X 0.15hwh = 50.7 - 0.15 X 18 x 0.75 = 48.675 klf

W. = 48.675 klf

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

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C562. Solution:

Cast-in-place concrete, fe = 3000 psi

Steel Anchor: ½" 0, A307

Concrete is not cracked under service loads. =>

1 c.v = 1. 4

Supplementary reinforcement is not used. => Condition B => • = 0.70

Perpendicular edge distance is greater than 24 in. on either side.
Pedestal depth is greater than 24 in.. -, Wh,y = 1. 0

Design concrete breakout strength of anchor (lbs) in shear?

Nominal concrete breakout strength, Vehi is computed as:

Ca2 > 24 in > 1.5ca1 4.5" Ped.N = 1. 0

0.2

= Smaller of

0.2 0.2
Thef
V0.5 = 10.33 . /0.5 = 7.3

khshalfe(Car)1.5 = 7.3 • V3000 31.5 = 2078 lbs

pVcb = 0.7 • 2909 = 2036 lbs

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

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C563. Solution:

ELEVATION PLAN

Cast-in-place concrete, fc = 3000 psi

Steel Anchor: ½" 0, A307

Concrete is cracked under service loads with supplementary reinf. => Wc,v = 1.2

Except for edge near stud, distance to other edges is greater than 24 in.
0.75
Supplementary reinforcement is used. => Condition A => p =

Perpendicular edge distance is 3.0 in. on one side.

Pedestal depth is greater than 12 i n . .

Design concrete breakout strength of anchor (lbs) in shear?

Shear is parallel to the concreteedge, Vcb may be taken twice the capacity
computed using Eq. 17.5.2.1a, i.e. twice the capacity perpendicular to the edge:
Avc

Cal = 4.0"

1.5ca1 4.5" Wed,N = 1.0

Ca2 > 24 in >

0.2

khs = Smaller of

0.2
(her V0.5 = 10.33 . V0.5 = 7.3
Ida = 7(
da
kns ha fe (Ca1)15 = 7.3• V3000 • 415 = 3199 lbs

= 2.0 • 1.0 • 1.2 • 1.0 3199 = 7676 Ibs

= 0.75 • 7676

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS D

Page S-41
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ALL RIGHTS Reserved.
C564. Solution:

Cast-in-place concrete, fe = 2500 psi

Steel Anchor: ½" 0, A307

Concrete is cracked under service loads. => 1cN = 1.0

Supplementary reinforcement is not used. => Condition B => o = 0.70

Perpendicular edge distance is greater than 24 in. on either side.

Design concrete pryout strength of anchor (lbs) in shear?

Nominal concrete pryout strength, Vop, is computed as:

k cp = 2.0 For hef ≥ 2.5 in.

ANc
ANco
32 81 in.2

ANc = (1.5 x 3 + 4) x (3 x 3) = 76.5

Camin < 1.5hef = 1.5 • 3 4.5"
ed,N = 0.7 +0.3 Camim/(1.5hef) = 0.7 + 0.3 • 4/4.5 = 0.967
N, = kohaVfcher15 = 24•1.0•V2500 •31.5 = 6235 lbs
76.5
81

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A

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C565. Solution:

Cast-in-place concrete, fam = 2500 psi

Steel Anchor: ½" @, A307

Concrete is not cracked under service loads. => tcN = 1.25

Supplementary reinforcement is used. => Condition B => o = 0.75

Perpendicular edge distance is greater than 24 in. on either side.

Design concrete breakout strength of anchor (kips) in tension?

Concrete breakout strength in tension:

ANc
ANco
Uncracked concrete under service loads => 1 c.N = 1.25
= 1.0

42 = 144 in.2
ANco = 9he, =9 X
ANc = (3 x4) • (1.5 4+ 3) = 108 in.2

= 0.7 + 0.3 [Link]/(1.5hef) = 0.7 + 0.3 x 3/(1.5 x 4) = 0.85

108
0.85 • 1.25 • 1.0 • 9600 = 7650 lbs
144

THE CORRECT ANSWER IS B

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C566. Solution:

Cast-in-place concrete, f = 2500 psi

Steel Anchor: " 0, A307, Anchor Area: Ag = 0.196 in.
Concrete is not cracked under service loads. => cP= 1.4
Design concrete breakout strength of anchor (kips) in tension?

:= 0.70

Nominal pullout strength in tension:

Npn = Np
Np = 8Abrgfe
Npn = Np= ▇
pn = 1.4 8x( ▇ – 0.196) x 250 = 16503 lbs
N.

Npn = 0.7 16503 lbs = 11552 lbs

IhE CURKEI AIVSVE I A

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