HKDSE Exam Series — Integrated Practices for Mathematics (Section A) (Compulsory Part) (Second Edition) Solution Guide

5 Polynomials 4.
6.
True
False
5.
7.
True
True

Let’s Try (p.48)

Instant Drill (p.50)
1. (a) (6x2 + 2x – 6) – (2x2 – 5x – 10)
1. (a) 25s2 – 4t2
= 6x2 + 2x – 6 – 2x2 + 5x + 10
= (5s)2 – (2t)2
= 4x2 + 7x + 4
= (5s – 2t)(5s + 2t) [1A]
(b) (3x – 1)(x2 – 2x – 1)
(b) 2 2
25s – 4t + 5s + 2t
= 3x3 – 6x2 – 3x – x2 + 2x + 1
= (5s – 2t)(5s + 2t) + (5s + 2t) [1M]
= 3x3 – 7x2 – x + 1
= (5s + 2t)(5s – 2t + 1) [1A]
2. (a) 4ay – 8az + 12a2
= 4a(y – 2z + 3a)
2. (a) 4p2 – pq – 3q2
(b) 6x2 + 3xy – 4x – 2y
= (4p + 3q)(p – q) [1A]
= 3x(2x + y) – 2(2x + y)
(b) 4p – pq – 3q + 2q – 2p
2 2
= (2x + y)(3x – 2)
= (4p + 3q)(p – q) + 2(q – p) [1M]
(c) 16 – 25a2
= (4p + 3q – 2)(p – q) [1A]
= 42 – (5a)2
= (4 – 5a)(4 + 5a)
3. By remainder theorem,
(d) 2x2 – 3x – 2
f(–1) = 3
= (2x + 1)(x – 2)
4(–1) – k(–1) + 3 = 3
3
[1M]
3. x + x–2
2

–4 + k = 0
x – 1 x3 + 0x2 – 3x + 7
k=4 [1A]
x –x
3 2

x2 – 3x `f(x) = 4x – 4x + 3 3

x2 – x By long division,
– 2x + 7 4x2 + 12x + 32
– 2x + 2 x–3 4x + 0x – 4x + 3
3 2

5
4x – 12x
3 2

Quotient = x + x – 2
2
12x2 – 4x
Remainder = 5 12x2 – 36x
4. Remainder = f(2) 32x + 3
32x – 96
= (2)3 – 5(2)2 + 3(2) – 2
99 [1M]
= 8 – 20 + 6 – 2 2
The quotient is 4x + 12x + 32. [1A]
= –8

4. (a) We have f(x) = (x2 + ax – 6)(x – 5) + bx + c. [1M]

Concept Builder (p.49)
f(x) = x3 + ax2 – 6x – 5x2 – 5ax + 30 + bx + c
1. False = x3 + (a – 5)x2 + (b – 6 – 5a)x + 30 + c
2. False Also f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + x + 27.
(a + b)2  a2 + 2ab + b2 a – 5 = –6 [1M]
3. True a = –1 [1A]
The degree of the remainder must be a polynomial of
degree 1 or less.
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 5 Polynomials

(b) (i) g(x) = k(x2 + ax – 6) + bx + c, where k is a non- (b) f(x) = (x – 2)2(x + 2) – 3

zero constant.
= (x2 – 4x + 4)(x + 2) – 3
f(x) – g(x) = (x + ax – 6)(x – 5) – k(x + ax – 6)
2 2
= x3 – 4x2 + 4x + 2x2 – 8x + 8 – 3
[1M]
= x3 – 2x2 – 4x + 5 [1A]
= (x2 + ax – 6)(x – 5 – k)
Since x – 1 is a factor of f(x), by long division,
Thus, f(x) – g(x) is divisible by x2 + ax – 6. [1]
x – x–5
2
(ii) f(x) – g(x) = 0
x – 1 x3 – 2x2 – 4x + 5
(x2 – x – 6)(x – 5 – k) = 0 [1M]
x –x
3 2

(x – 3)(x + 2)(x – 5 – k) = 0 [1M]

–x2 – 4x
The roots of the equation are –2, 3 and 5 + k. –x2 + x
Thus, all the roots of the equation f(x) – g(x) = 0 – 5x + 5
are real. – 5x + 5
The claim is agreed. [1]
` f(x) = (x – 1)(x2 – x – 5) [1A]
Consider x – x – 5 = 0.
2

5. (a) f(1) = (1 – 2)(1 + 1)(1 + 3) + 8 [1M]

∆ = (–1)2 – 4(1)(–5)
= –8 + 8
= 21 > 0
=0
` x2 – x – 5 = 0 has 2 distinct real roots.
By factor theorem, x – 1 is a factor of f(x). [1]
` The roots of f(x) = 0 are all distinct.
(b) (x – 2)(x + 1)(x + 3) + 8
Thus, David is correct. [1]
= (x2 – 2x + x – 2)(x + 3) + 8
= (x2 – x – 2)(x + 3) + 8
7. (a) Consider the coefficients of x4, we have
= x3 – x2 – 2x + 3x2 – 3x – 6 + 8
2p = 10
= x3 + 2x2 – 5x + 2 [1A]
p=5 [1A]
Since x – 1 is a factor of f(x), by long division,
Consider the coefficients of x , we have
3

x + 3x – 2
2

pq – 4 = 1 [1M]
x–1 x + 2x – 5x + 2
3 2

5q = 5
x – x
3 2

q=1 [1A]
3x2 – 5x
3x2 – 3x Since x + 2 is a factor of f(x), we have
–2x + 2 f(–2) = 0 [1M]
–2x + 2 [2(–2) + (–2) + r][5(–2) – 2(–2) – 6] = 0
2 2

` f(x) = (x – 1)(x + 3x – 2)
2
[1A] 6+r=0
(c) Consider x + 3x – 2 = 0.
2
r = –6 [1A]
∆ = 32 – 4(1)(–2) [1M] (b) f(x) = 0
= 17 > 0 (2x + x – 6)(5x – 2x – 6) = 0
2 2
[1M]
` x2 + 3x – 2 = 0 has 2 distinct real roots.
2
[1A] (2x – 3)(x + 2)(5x – 2x – 6) = 0 [1M]
` f(x) = 0 has 3 distinct real roots.
2
[1] Consider the discriminant of 5x – 2x – 6 = 0.
(–2)2 – 4(5)(–6) = 124 > 0 [1M]
6. (a) f(2) = (2 – 2)2(2 – h) + k = –3 [1M] ` 5x2 – 2x – 6 = 0 has 2 distinct real roots. [1M]
k = –3 [1A] ` f(x) = 0 has 4 real roots. [1A]
f(1) = (1 – 2)2(1 – h) – 3 = 0
1–h =3
h = –2 [1A] 27
HKDSE Exam Series — Integrated Practices for Mathematics (Section A) (Compulsory Part) (Second Edition) Solution Guide

8. (x + 1)(x2 + x – 1) Exam Type Questions (p.58)

= x3 + x2 – x + x2 + x – 1 Conventional Questions
= x3 + 2x2 – 1 Section A(1)
The answer is D.
1. (2x + 5)(x – 3) + 1  Ax2 + Bx + C
L.H.S. = (2x + 5)(x – 3) + 1
9. x2 + 3x – 16y2 + 12y = x2 – 16y2 + 3x + 12y
= 2x2 – 6x + 5x – 15 + 1
= (x – 4y)(x + 4y) + 3(x + 4y)
= 2x2 – x – 14 [1M]
= (x + 4y)(x – 4y + 3)
Comparing the coefficients of like terms and the constant
The answer is D. terms, we have
A=2 [1A]
10. Substituting x = –2, we have B = –1 [1A]
a(–2)(–2 + 3) + (–2) = b(–2)(–2 + 2) – (–2)
2
C = –14 [1A]
–2a + 4 = 2
2a = 2 2. (3x + 2)(x + A) + 5  3x2 – 7x + B
a=1 L.H.S. = (3x + 2)(x + A) + 5
The answer is B. = 3x2 + (2 + 3A)x + 2A + 5 [1M]
Comparing the coefficients of like terms and the constant
terms, we have
11. f(–1) = (–1) – 4(–1) + k = 0
9 4

2 + 3A = –7 [1M]
k=5
A = –3 [1A]
f(x) = x9 – 4x4 + 5
2A + 5 = B
f(2) = (2)9 – 4(2)4 + 5
B = –1 [1A]
= 453
The answer is C.
3. A(2x – 1)(x + 2) + B(x + 1) + C  2x2 – 5x + 1
L.H.S. = A(2x2 + 3x – 2) + Bx + B + C
Step-by-step (p.58)
= 2Ax2 + (3A + B)x + (B + C – 2A) [1M]
1. a2 – 4b2 + 7a – 14b
Comparing the coefficients of like terms and the constant
= (a2 – 4b2) + 7(a – 2b) terms, we have
= (a – 2b)(a + 2b) + 7(a – 2b) 2A = 2
= (a – 2b)(a + 2b + 7) A=1 [1A]
3A + B = –5 [1M]
2. 2x2 + 5x – 10 B = –8 [1A]
x + 1 2x3 + 7x2 – 5x + 9 B + C – 2A = 1
2x3 + 2x2 –8 + C – 2(1) = 1

5x2 – 5x
C = 11 [1A]

5x2 + 5x

–10x + 9

–10x – 10

19
Quotient = 2x2 + 5x – 10
Remainder = 19

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 5 Polynomials

4. (a) For p = 1, q = 5; 9. (a) 4m – 8n = 4(m – 2n) [1A]

For p = 2, q = 1. (b) 2
2m – 3mn – 2n 2

The possible values of p are 1 and 2. [1A] = (2m + n)(m – 2n) [1A]
(b) 4x + 9x + k  (x + p)(4x + q)
2
(c) 2
2m – 3mn – 2n – 4m + 8n2

4x + 9x + k  4x + (4p + q)x + pq
2 2
[1M] = (2m + n)(m – 2n) – 4(m – 2n) [1M]
4p + q = 9 and k = pq = (m – 2n)(2m + n – 4) [1A]
From (a), when p = 1 and q = 5,
k=5 [1A] 10. (a) 4a2 + 12ab + 9b2
when p = 2 and q = 1, = (2a + 3b)2 [1A]
k=2 [1A] (b) 2
4a + 12ab + 9b – 25c 2 2

= (2a + 3b)2 – (5c)2 [1M]

Guidelines
= (2a + 3b – 5c)(2a + 3b + 5c) [1A]
If p = 3, then q = –3  0 which violates the given
condition.
11. (a) 2x3 + 3x2y + x2
= x2(2x + 3y + 1) [1A]
5. (a) a + ab + ac
2
(b) 2x + 3x y + x – 8x – 12y – 4
3 2 2

= a(a + b + c) [1A] = x2(2x + 3y + 1) – 4(2x + 3y + 1) [1M]

(b) a2 + ab + ac – a – b – c = (2x + 3y + 1)(x – 4) 2
[1A]
= a(a + b + c) – (a + b + c) [1M] = (2x + 3y + 1)(x – 2)(x + 2) [1A]
= (a – 1)(a + b + c) [1A]
Common Mistakes
6. (a) x – 2xy + y
2 2 Do not stop here because the term x2 – 4 can be
further factorized.
= (x – y)2 [1A]
(b) 2x – 2y – x + 2xy – y
2 2

= 2(x – y) – (x2 – 2xy + y2) [1M]

12. (a) a2 – 9b2
= 2(x – y) – (x – y) 2
= (a – 3b)(a + 3b) [1A]
= (x – y)(2 – x + y) [1A]
(b) a – 9(a – 2)
2 2

= [a – 3(a – 2)][a + 3(a – 2)] [1M]

7. (a) p2 – 9q2
= (6 – 2a)(4a – 6)
= p2 – (3q)2
= 4(3 – a)(2a – 3) [1A]
= (p – 3q)(p + 3q) [1A]
(b) p2 – 9q2 – p – 3q Guidelines
= (p – 3q)(p + 3q) – (p + 3q) [1M] Substitute b = a – 2 in (a) to get the result.

= (p + 3q)(p – 3q – 1) [1A]

13. (a) x2 + 2xy – 8y2

8. (a) a – 3a – 4
2

= (x – 2y)(x + 4y) [1A]

= (a – 4)(a + 1) [1A]
(b) x + 2xy – 8y – 2x – 8y
2 2

(b) a2 – 3a – 4 + ab – 4b
= (x – 2y)(x + 4y) – 2(x + 4y) [1M]
= (a – 4)(a + 1) + b(a – 4) [1M]
= (x + 4y)(x – 2y – 2) [1A]
= (a – 4)(a + b + 1) [1A]

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HKDSE Exam Series — Integrated Practices for Mathematics (Section A) (Compulsory Part) (Second Edition) Solution Guide

14. 4 – 3 (c) From (b),

2x – 7 3x – 2
f(x) = (x – 1)(2x + 1)(x + 2) = 0
= 4(3x – 2) – 3(2x – 7) [1M]
(2x – 7)(3x – 2) x = –2, – 1 , 1 [1M] + [1A]
2
= 12x – 8 – 6x + 21 [1M]
(2x – 7)(3x – 2)
= 6x + 13 [1A] 18. (a) Let p(x) = (ax + b)(x2 + 3x + 2). [1M]
(2x – 7)(3x – 2)
p(1) = (a + b)(6) = 6
a+b=1 ......(1)
15. 4x2 – 6x + 7
p(2) = (2a + b)(12) = 36 [1M]
x+2 4x3 + 2x2 – 5x + 7
2a + b = 3 ......(2)
4x3 + 8x2
–6x2 – 5x (2) – (1): a = 2
–6x2 – 12x b = –1 [1A]
7x + 7 The quotient is 2x – 1.
7x + 14
(b) p(x) = (2x – 1)(x2 + 3x + 2) = 0
–7 [1M]
(2x – 1)(x + 2)(x + 1) = 0 [1M]
Quotient = 4x2 – 6x + 7 [1A]
x = –2, – 1 and 1 [1A]
Remainder = –7 [1A] 2
p(x) = 0 has 3 rational roots. [1A]
16. f(–1) = 3(–1)2 + k(–1) – 3 = –2 [1M]
3–k–1=0
19. (a) f(3) = 33 – a(3)2 + b(3) + 60 = 27
k=2 [1A]
20 – 3a + b = 0 ... (1)
` f(x) = 3x + 2x – 3
2

f(2) = 2 – a(2) + b(2) + 60 = 0

3 2
[1M]
Remainder = f(2)
34 – 2a + b = 0 ... (2)
= 3(2)2 + 2(2) – 3 [1M]
(2) – (1):
= 13 [1A]
14 + a = 0
a = –14 [1A]
Section A(2)
Substituting a = –14 into (1),
17. (a) f(1) = 2(1)3 + 3(1)2 – 3(1) – 2 [1M]
20 – 3(–14) + b = 0
=0 [1A]
b = –62 [1A]
(b) a f(1) = 0
(b) ` f(x) = x + 14x – 62x + 60
3 2

` x – 1 is a factor of f(x). [1A]

x + 16x – 30
2

2x + 5x + 2
2
x–2 x + 14x – 62x + 60
3 2

x–1 2x + 3x2 – 3x – 2
3
x – 2x
3 2

2x – 2x 3 2
16x2 – 62x
5x2 – 3x 16x2 – 32x
5x2 – 5x –30x + 60
2x – 2 –30x + 60
2x – 2
` f(x) = (x – 2)(x2 + 16x – 30) [1M]
f(x) = (x – 1)(2x + 5x + 2)
2
[1M]
= (x – 1)(2x + 1)(x + 2) [1A]

30
 5 Polynomials

Consider x2 + 16x – 30 = 0. (b) 5x(x + 2)2 – 3x + 2 = 0

x = –16 ± √
162 – 4(1) (–30) 5x(x2 + 4x + 4) – 3x + 2 = 0
[1M]
2
5x3 + 20x2 + 17x + 2 = 0
= –16 ± √
376
2 (x + 1)(5x2 + 15x + 2) = 0 [1M]
which are irrational numbers. x = –1 or 5x + 15x + 2 = 0
2

x = –1 or x = –15 ± √
` The roots of f(x) = 0 are not all rational numbers. 15 – 4(5)(2) 2
[1M]
[1] 2(5)
x = –1 or x = –15 ± √
185
[1A]
10
20. (a) We have f(x) = (x2 + ax – 10)(x + 2) + bx + c.
Since –15 ± √
[1M] 185
are irrational numbers, the claim
f(x) = x + ax – 10x + 2x + 2ax – 20 + bx + c
3 2 2
10
is agreed. [1A]
= x3 + (a + 2)x2 + (2a + b – 10)x + c – 20
Also f(x) = x3 – x2 – 16x + 1.
22. (a) f(1) = (1)3 + a(1)2 + 3(1) – 4 = 0 [1M]
a + 2 = –1 [1M]
1+a+3–4=0
a = –3 [1A]
a=0 [1A]
(b) (i) g(x) = k(x2 + ax – 10) + bx + c, where k is a non-
zero constant. (b) (i) QP = 4m + 12 2

f(x) – g(x) = (x2 + ax – 10)(x + 2) – k(x2 + ax – 10) Area of OPQR

[1M] = m(4m2 + 12) sq. units [1M]
= (x + ax – 10)(x + 2 – k)
2
= (4m + 12m) sq. units
3
[1A]
Thus, f(x) – g(x) is divisible by x + ax – 10. [1]
2
(ii) 4m + 12m = 16
3

(ii) f(x) – g(x) = 0 m3 + 3m – 4 = 0

(x2 – 3x – 10)(x + 2 – k) = 0 [1M] Consider the function in (a).
(x – 5)(x + 2)(x + 2 – k) = 0 [1M] f(x) = x3 + 3x – 4
The roots of the equation are –2, 5 and k – 2. x – 1 is a factor of f(x).
Thus, all the roots of the equation f(x) – g(x) = 0 m + m+4
2

are real.
m–1 m + 0m + 3m – 4
3 2

The claim is agreed. [1]

m – m
3 2

m +
2
3m
21. (a) f(–1) = 5(–1)(–1 + 2) + a(–1) + b = 0
2
[1M] m –
2
m
–5 – a + b = 0 4m – 4
4m – 4
a = b – 5 ... (1)
f(–3) = 5(–3)(–3 + 2)2 + a(–3) + b = 3b – 10 [1M] ` m3 + 3m – 4 = (m – 1)(m2 + m + 4) [1M]
–15 – 3a = 2b – 10 Consider m + m + 4 = 0. 2

3a + 2b + 5 = 0 ... (2) ∆ = 12 – 4(1)(4) [1M]

Substituting (1) into (2), we have = –15
3(b – 5) + 2b + 5 = 0 <0
5b = 10 The equation has no real roots.
b=2 There is only 1 value of m such that the area of
[1A] the rectangle is 16 sq. units. Patrick is correct.
When b = 2, a = –3. [1]

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HKDSE Exam Series — Integrated Practices for Mathematics (Section A) (Compulsory Part) (Second Edition) Solution Guide

23. (a) f(x)  (lx2 + 5x – 2)(x2 + mx + n) 26. x2 + mx + n  (x – 2)(x – n) + 3

= lx4 + 5x3 – 2x2 + mlx3 + 5mx2 – 2mx + nlx2 + Substituting x = 0, we have
5nx – 2n
02 + m(0) + n = (0 – 2)(0 – n) + 3
= lx4 + (5 + ml)x3 + (5m + nl – 2)x2 +
(5n – 2m)x – 2n [1M] n = 2n + 3

Comparing the coefficients of x4, [1A] n = –3

l=3 The answer is A.

Comparing the coefficients of x3,

5 + m(3) = 2 27. ax(x – 2) + x2  bx(x – 3) + 2x

m = –1 [1A] Substituting x = 3, we have

f(2) = [3(2)2 + 5(2) – 2](22 – 2 + n) a(3)(3 – 2) + (3)2 = b(3)(3 – 3) + 2(3)

= 20(2 + n) 3a + 9 = 6
f(–2) = [3(–2)2 + 5(–2) – 2][(–2)2 – (–2) + n] a = –1
=0 The answer is B.
Since f(2) = f(–2),
20(2 + n) = 0 [1M]
n = –2 [1A] 28. 5x2 + m(x – 2) + 5  mx(x + 2) + n(x + 1)
(b) f(x)  (3x2 + 5x – 2)(x2 – x – 2) = 0 Comparing coefficients of x2 terms,
3x2 + 5x – 2 = 0 m=5
(3x – 1)(x + 2) = 0 [1M] Comparing coefficients of x terms,
m = 2m + n
x = –2 or 1 [1A]
3 n = –5
x2 – x – 2 = 0
The answer is D.
(x – 2)(x + 1) = 0 [1M]
x = –1 or 2 [1A]
29. 3x2 + a(x – 2) + 12  ax(x + 2) + b(x – 2)
` f(x) = 0 has 4 real roots. [1A]
Consider the x2 terms.

Multiple-choice Questions a=3

Section A Consider the constant terms.

–2(a) + 12 = –2b
24. (x + y)(x – y + 2)
–2b = 6
= x2 – xy + 2x + xy – y2 + 2y
b = –3
= x2 + 2x + 2y – y2
The answer is D.
The answer is C.

30. ax – ay + bx – by – az – bz
25. 1 – 1
4x – 3 4x + 3 = a(x – y) + b(x – y) – z(a + b)

= 4x + 3 – 4x – 3 = (x – y)(a + b) – z(a + b)
(4x – 3)(4x + 3) (4x – 3)(4x + 3)
= (a + b)(x – y – z)
= 6
16x2 – 9 The answer is B.
The answer is A.

32
 5 Polynomials

31. a2 – 5a – b2 + 5b 37. f(–2) = 4(–2)3 – a(–2)2 + 2(–2) + 12 = 0

= a2 – b2 – 5a + 5b –32 – 4a – 4 + 12 = 0
= (a – b)(a + b) – 5(a – b) 4a = –24
= (a – b)(a + b – 5) a = –6
The answer is A. ` f(x) = 4x + 6x + 2x + 12
3 2

Remainder = f(2) = 4(2)3 + 6(2)2 + 2(2) + 12

32. 9a2 – 12a – b2 + 4b = 9a2 – b2 – 12a + 4b = 72
= (3a – b)(3a + b) – 4(3a – b) The answer is D.
= (3a – b)(3a + b – 4)
The answer is C. 38. f(5) = 4(5)2 – 8(5) + c = 0
c = –60
33. (2a + b) – (3a – b) f 1 =4 1
( ) ( ) – 8( 12 ) – 60 = 1 – 4 – 60
2 2 2

2 2
= (2a + b – 3a + b)(2a + b + 3a – b)
= –63
= 5a(2b – a)
The answer is D.
The answer is C.

39. Remainder = f(–1) = (–1)2016 – 3(–1)2 + 1

34. 2
2c – 50
=1–3+1
= 2(c2 – 25)
= –1
= 2(c – 5)(c + 5)
The answer is A.
The answer is C.
40. Since f(x) is divisible by x – 1, f(1) = 0.
35. 2
2x – 2x – 5xy + 9y – 18y 2
For f(x – 2), when x = 3,
f(3 – 2) = f(1) = 0
2 2
= 2x – 5xy – 18y – 2x + 9y
= (2x – 9y)(x + 2y) – (2x – 9y) ` x – 3 is a factor of f(x – 2).
= (2x – 9y)(x + 2y – 1) The answer is A.
The answer is B.
41. The answer is A.
   MC-shortcut
For candidates who have no idea on how to 42. f(–1) = (–1)7 + a(–1)5 + b = 0
factorize, they can expand each option to find the
correct one. –1 – a + b = 0
For B, b=a+1
(2x – 9y)(x + 2y – 1) Remainder = f(2) = (2) + a(2)5 + a + 1
7

= 2x2 + 4xy – 2x – 9xy – 18y2 + 9y = 33a + 129

= 2x2 – 2x – 5xy + 9y – 18y2 The answer is C.

36. f(–1) = (–1)3 – 2(–1)2 + k(–1) – 1 = 0

–1 – 2 – k – 1 = 0
k = –4
The answer is A.

33