Solution
HALOALKANES (CHEMICAL PROPERTIES)
Class 12 - Chemistry
1.
(c) 2-Methylbutan-2-ol
Explanation:
2-Methylbutan-2-ol
2.
(b) 3-bromo-1-chlorocyclohexene
Explanation:
IUPAC name: 3-bromo 1-chlorocyclohexene
3.
(b) CH3C*HClCH2Br
Explanation:
CH3C*HClCH2Br
4. (a) SOCl2 in presence of pyridine
Explanation:
The hydroxyl group of an alcohol is replaced by halogen on reaction with concentrated halogen acids, phosphorus halides, or
thionyl chloride. Thionyl chloride (SOCl2) is preferred because the other two products SO2 and HCl are escapable gases.
Hence, the reaction gives pure alkyl halides.
ROH + SOCl2 → RCl + SO2 (g) + HCl (g)
5.
CH3
(b) C H 3 C H2 − C − OH
|
CH3
Explanation:
Alkyl halides can be obtained by treating alcohol with haloacids. The reactivity of tertiary alcohols with the haloacids is the
highest and primary alcohols are the lowest. Formation of alkyl chloride using primary and secondary alcohols requires the
usage of a catalyst ZnCl2, where dry hydrogen chloride gas is passed through a solution of alcohol or by heating a mixture of
alcohol and concentrated aqueous halogen acid. Reaction with tertiary alcohols does not require a catalyst and can be carried
out by using tertiary alcohols. the reaction is conducted by simply shaking with concentrated HCl at room temperature.
6. (a) CH 2 = C − CH3
|
Br
Explanation:
CH2 = C − CH3 belongs to vinyl halides
|
Br
7.
(b) passing dry hydrogen chloride gas through a solution of alcohol.
1/4
Explanation:
The preparation of alkyl chloride is carried out by passing dry hydrogen chloride gas through a solution of alcohol.
ROH + HCl → RCl + H2O
The reactions of primary and secondary alcohols with HCl require the presence of a catalyst, ZnCl2. With tertiary alcohols, the
reaction is conducted by simply shaking with concentrated HCl at room temperature.
8.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
9.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
A is false but R is true.
10.
(d) BrCH2CH2CH2CH3 and CH3CH2C ≡ CH
Explanation:
CH3CH2C≡ BrCH2CH2CH2CH3+NaNH2→ CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2C≡ CH+NH3+NaBr
NaNH2 is a very strong base it will abstract H from alkyne (But-1-yne in this case) and then nucleophilic substitution reaction
will occur as shown where the resulting compound will be Oct-1-yne as here the reactants contain a total of 8 C.
CH3
11. (a) CH 3 − C = CH2
Explanation:
(CH3 ) C − Br + Na − O − Me ⟶ CH3 − C = CH2 + NaBr + CH3 OH
3
|
CH3
iso−butene
Tert-halide with strong base favours elimination reaction not the substitution reaction.
12.
(b) (a), (b), (c)
Explanation:
Asymmetric/chiral carbon atom is that in which all of its four valencies with four different groups or atoms (can not be
superimpose). In molecules (i), (ii), and (ii), all have asymmetric carbon as each carbon has satisfied all four valencies with
four different groups of atoms.
Dry acetone
13. a. CH3CH2CH2CH2-Cl + NaI −−−−−−−→ CH3CH2CH2CH2-l + NaCI
b. 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane is more reactive as it gives more substituted alkene on elimination / Gives more stable product
according to Saytzeff Rule.
c. IUPAC name of given compound is 4-Bromo-4-methylpent-2- ene.
14. i. 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane
a. alc KOH heat
b. HBr peroxide.
2/4
ii. Chloroethane to butane
Na wurtz reaction
iii. Benzene to diphenyl
a. Bromine, ferric bromide
b. Na Dry ether fitting reaction
15. In SN2 reaction, steric factors determine the reactivity. more reactive alkyl halides have less steric hindrance. Hence, the
decreasing order of the reactivity of alkyl halides is 1o > 2o > 3o. The order of reactivity as follows:
i. 1-bromopentane > 2-bromopentane > 2-bromo-2-methylbutane
ii. 1-bromo-3-methylbutane > 3-bromo-2-methylbutane > 2-bromo-2-methylbutane
iii. 1-bromobutane > 1-bromo-3-methylbutane > 1-bromo-2-methylbutane> 1-bromo-2, 2 dimethylpropane
Cl Br
| | 1
16. i. 4
C H3 −
3
C H−
2
C H − C H3
2-Bromo-3-chlorobutane
F Cl
| |
ii. F − 2
C H− C − F
1
Br
1-Bromo-1-chloro-1, 2, 2-trifluoroethane
iii. C l − C H − C ≡ C −
4
2
3 2 1
C H2 − Br
1-Bromo-4-chlorobut-2-yne
iv.
2-(Trichloromethyl)-1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3 - heptachloropropane
v.
2-Bromo-3, 3-bis (4-chlorophenyl) butane
vi.
1-chloro-1-(4-iodophenyl)-3, 3-dimethylbut-1-ene
17. Some alkyl halides undergo substitution reaction whereas some undergo elimination reaction, and this is determined by the
structure of the alkyl halide as well as the reagents used in the reaction. To understand the structural features of alkyl halides, their
reactivity towards substitution mechanisms can be observed. Primary alkyl halides prefer to undergo substitution reaction by SN2
mechanism which is a one-step reaction involving cleavage of the halide from the carbon atom and simultaneous attachment of
3/4
the attacking nucleophile. On the other hand, tertiary halides undergo elimination reaction due to the formation of a stable
carbocation. Tertiary halides also prefer to undergo SN1 unimolecular substitution reaction which is a two-step process mediated
by the formation of a stable carbocation after cleavage of the halide atom.
The given reaction is for a primary alkyl halide undergoing SN2 substitution.
The given reaction is for a tertiary alkyl halide undergoing SN1 substitution. The mechanism is determined by the strength of the
base used. In case of usage of a weak base, aqueous KOH, the reaction undergone is substitution while in case of a strong base,
alcoholic base, the reaction underwent is elimination.
4/4
