B 1100ECT303122103

Reg No.:

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL

Fifth Semester [Link] Degree Examination December 2021 (2019
Course Code: ECT303
Course Name: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Max. Marks: 100 Duration:3 Hours
PART A
(Answer all questions; each question caties 3 marks) Marks

I What are the methods of filtering long sequence? explain. 3

2 Give any three properties of DFT. 3

3 Calculate the 4- point DFT of cos(zn) 3

rl
4 Find Circular time reversal of [8, 5, 3, l] 3

5 Approximation
Explain the design steps of IIR filter using Butterworth 3

6 What is the advantages of frequency sampling technique in FIR filter design 3

7 What is Cascade implementation of IIR filter? 3

8 What is a linear phase filter? What conditions are to be satisfied by an FIR 3

flter in order to have linear phase?

9 Give any three differences between DSP processor and general purpose 3
microprocessors.

10 Write down any three applications of DSP Processor.

PART B
(Answer [Link] question _from each module, each question canies 14 marks)

' Module -1
ll a) Using an example elaborate the working of Overlap Save method while filtering a 7

long sequence with small sequence

b) Differentiate between Overlap methods and normal fiItering 7

12 a) Explain how DFT can be used as a linear Transformation 7

b) Calculate the DFT of [3, 19,6 ,15]. Also plot the magnitude and phase 7
response

Module -2

l3 a) Derive the Decimation in Time algorithm for Fast Fourier transform.

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 1100ECT3A3122t03

b) Find the DFT of [3,4,8,1] using the above method 7

14 a) Illustrate the procedure for finding IDFT using radix-2FFT algorithm 5

b) Find the IDFT of fI5,2l,2,l3l using the above method 9

Module -3

15 a) 10
Design a digital Butter worth lowpass filter satisfying the constraints

0.707 < ltt(e;')1

lHl"r';;
Using bilinear Transformation, T:1 Sec

b) What is Gibb's phenomenon? 4

16 a) Design a maximally flat analog filter of order 2 with cut-off frequency 0.6 4
rad/sec

b) Design a digital lowpass filter and implement the above question using 10
Impulse Invariance method.

Module -4

T7 a) Obtain the Direct form-I ,Direct form-Il cascade and parallel form realization 10
of y[n]: - 0.1 y[n-l] + 0.2yln-21 + 3 x[n] + 3.6 x[n-l] + 0.6xln-21
b) Find the impulse response of a filter given by H(Z) - t - Z-1 + 2Z-1 + 4
3Z-1 + \Z-L. Does this represent a linear phase realizatior.J? Comment.
18 a) Represent the output of a signal being upsampled by a factor of 3, then down
sampled by a factor of 12 followed by upsampled by a factor of 4

b) Explain what is aliasing in Multi-rate signal processing. What is the use of

Anti-aliasing filter? Explain.

Module -5
19 a) In detail, explain the architecture of DSP Processor TMS 320C6713 7

b) Illustrate the quantisation noise in ADC. 7

20 a) List out the advantages and disadvantages of floating point DSP Processors. 7

b) Explain the usage of a DSP Processor for any two day to day applications. 7

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B 1100ECT303122204 Pages: 3

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Fifth Semester [Link] Degree Regular and Supplementary Examination Dec 2022 (2019 scheme)

Course Code: ECT 303

Course Name: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
(Answer all questions; each question carries 3 marks) Marks

1 1 𝑛 3
Compute the DFT of the sequence x[n] = (2) [∑3𝑘=0(𝛿(𝑛 − 𝑘))]

2 Explain Digital signal processing system with a block diagram. 3

3 Discuss the need for FFT. Justify your answer in terms of computational 3
complexity, memory requirement etc.
4 Find the DFT of the sequence using DIT FFT algorithm x[n] = {1, -1, 0} 3
5 Compare FIR and IIR filters. 3
6 1 3
Analog transfer function of a digital filter is given by (𝑠) = 𝑠+3 . Comment

on the stability of the filter. Obtain the digital transfer function of the same
using impulse invariance method. Where sampling time is T.
7 What is Multirate signal processing? Obtain interpolated and decimated 3
versions for the sequence x[n] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} by a factor 2.
8 Obtain the direct form structure for the FIR filter with transfer function 3
𝐻(𝑧) = 1 + 2𝑧 −1 + 3𝑧 −2 + 4𝑧 −3 + 5𝑧 −4 + 6𝑧 −6 + 7𝑧 −7
9 What is meant by pipelining? Give its significance in DSP processors. 3
10 The effect of ADC quantization noise plays very important role in DSP 3
processors. Justify.
PART B
(Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks)

Module -1
11 a) State the following properties of DFT (i) Linearity (ii) Time Reversal 6
(iii) Parseval’s theorem
b) Illustrate the concept of circular convolution property of a DFT sequence 8
for the discrete time sequences x[n] = {1, 2, 1, 2}, h[n] = {2, 4, 6, 8}

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 1100ECT303122204

12 a) What is the significance of zero padding? If number of zeros are padded on 6

(i) Left of the signal (ii) Right of the signal. Comment on its effect on the
spectrum.
b) Find the linear convolution sum of the sequence x[n] = {1, 2, -1, 2, 3, -2, 8
-3, -1, 1, 1, 2, -1} and h[n] = {1, 2} using overlap add method.
Module -2
13 a) Write down the principle of in-place computation in FFT. 4
b) Compute the IDFT of the sequence X[k] = {1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1} using 10
DIT algorithm.
14 a) Explain the principle of DIF FFT algorithm and obtain the final flow graph 10
for the same.
b) Find the 4-point DFT of sequences x[n] = {1, 2, 0, 1} and 4
y[n] = {2, 2, 1, 1} by computing the 4-point DFT only once.
Module -3
15 a) Design a Butterworth filter using bilinear transformation. 10
Specifications of desired LPF are
𝛱
0.707 ≤ |𝐻(𝑤)| ≤ 1 ; 0≤𝑤≤
2
3𝛱
|𝐻(𝑤)| ≤ 0.2, ≤𝑤≤𝛱
4
Given that T= 1 sec.
b) Explain Gibbs phenomenon. 4
16 a) For the desired frequency response 8

−𝑗3𝜔
3𝜋 3𝜋
𝐻𝑑 (𝜔) = {𝑒 ,−
4
≤ 𝜔≤
4
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Determine for N = 7 using rectangular window.
b) Explain the principle of frequency sampling technique for FIR filter 6
design.
Module -4
17 a) Obtain direct form I, direct form II and parallel form structure for the 10
system
1 1
𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑦(𝑛 − 1) + 𝑦(𝑛 − 2) + 𝑥(𝑛) + 𝑥(𝑛 − 1)
2 4
b) Write a short note on anti-aliasing filter and anti-imaging filter 4

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 1100ECT303122204

18 a) Obtain the cascade form realisation using direct form II 7

2 + 𝑧 −1 + 𝑧 −2
𝐻(𝑧) =
1 1 1
(1 + 𝑧 −1 ) (1 − 𝑧 −1 ) (1 + 𝑧 −1 )
2 4 8
b) Write down the principle of linear phase in FIR filter with a structure. 7
Module -5
19 a) With a detailed block diagram, explain the architecture of typical DSP 10
processor family TMS320C67XX.
b) Write a short note on truncation and rounding with examples? 4
20 a) What are the various data formats in DSP processors? Explain with 8
suitable examples.
b) MAC is the heart of DSP processor. Justify. 6
***

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B 1100ECT3031222031100ECT303122101 Pages: 3

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
[Link] Degree S5 (R, S) / S5 (PT) (R, S) Examination December 2023 (2019 Scheme)

Course Code: ECT 303

Course Name: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
(Answer all questions; each question carries 3 marks) Marks

1 State and prove Parseval’s theorem. 3

2 Obtain linear convolution of the sequences 𝑥(𝑛) = {1,2,3} & ℎ(𝑛) = 3
{−1, −2} using circular convolution.
3 Find the number of complex multiplications involved in the calculation of a 64- 3
point DFT using (i) direct computation (ii) radix-2 FFT algorithm
4 What is twiddle factor ? 3
5 Derive the mapping between s and z in bilinear transformation. 3
6 Given the specification pass band attenuation is 1 dB , stop band attenuation is 30 3
dB, pass band edge frequency 200 rad/sec and stop band edge frequency 600
rad/sec . Determine the order of the Butterworth Analog filter?
7 Draw the direct form realization of FIR system. 3
8 Why antialiasing filter is used in decimating systems? 3
9 What are the different stages in pipelining? 3
10 Compare Von Neumann and Harvard architecture. 3
PART B
(Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks)

Module -1
11 a) Consider the length -12 sequence defined for 0≤ n≤ 12 is x(n) = {3, -1, 2, 4, -3, - 8
2, 0, 1, -4, 6, 2,5} with a 12-point DFT .Evaluate the following functions of X(k)
without computing DFT:

a. X(0)
b. X(6)

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 1100ECT3031222031100ECT303122101

11
c. ∑𝑘=0 X(k)
11
d. ∑𝑘=0 |𝑋(𝑘)|2

b) State and prove time shifting property of DFT. 6

12 a) Find the convolution of x(n) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} and h(n) = {2, 4, 6} using 7
overlap add method.
b) Find the 4-DFT of the sequence {1, 1, 1, 0} and plot |X(K)|. 7
Module -2
13 a) Given (𝑛) = (𝑛 + 1) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 7. Find (𝑘) using DIT – FFT algorithm. 8
b) Compare DIT and DIF algorithms. 6
14 a) Explain how a 2N point DFT of a 2N point real-valued sequence can be found by 6
computing a single N point DFT.
b) Find the IDFT of the sequence 𝑋(𝑘) = {4, 1 − 𝑗2.414, 0 ,1 − 𝑗0.414, 0, 1 + 8
𝑗0.414, 0, 1 + 𝑗2.414} using DIF – FFT algorithm
Module -3
15 a) Design a Butterworth filter using bilinear transformation. 8
Specifications of desired LPF are
0.9 ≤ |𝐻(𝑤)| ≤ 1 ; 0 ≤ 𝑤 ≤ 𝛱/2
|𝐻(𝑤)| ≤ 0.2, 3𝛱/4 ≤ 𝑤 ≤ 𝛱
𝛱
𝑇 = 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐, 𝐴𝑝 = 0.9 , 𝐴𝑠 = 0.2, 𝑤𝑝 = 2 , 𝑤𝑠 = 3𝛱/4
b) Derive equations for magnitude and phase responses of FIR filter whose impulse 6
response is symmetric and length N even.
16 a) 𝑒 −3𝑗𝑤 , |𝑤| ≤ 3𝛱/4 10
The desired frequency response of LPF is 𝐻𝑑(𝑤) = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒
Determine the frequency response of FIR filter if hamming window is used.
(N = 7)
b) Convert the analog filter H(s) given below in to a second order Butterworth 4
digital filter using impulse invariance technique.

Module -4
17 a) When is a cascade form realization preferred in FIR filters? 7
Obtain cascade realization with minimum number of multipliers for the system
function

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 1100ECT3031222031100ECT303122101

1 1 1
𝐻(𝑧) = ( + 𝑧 −1 + 𝑧 −2 ) (1 + 𝑧 −1 + 𝑧 −2 )
2 2 3
b) How upsampling and downsampling affect the frequency spectrum of a signal 7
x(n) with frequency spectrum X(ejω) ? Explain the need of low pass filter prior to
downsampling
18 a) What are multirate DSP systems? Give the output of decimation by M system in 4
time domain.
b) Obtain the cascade and parallel form realization for the system 10
𝑦(𝑛) = −0.1𝑦(𝑛 − 1) + 0.2 𝑦(𝑛 − 2) + 3 𝑥(𝑛) + 3.6 𝑥(𝑛 − 1) + 0.6 𝑥(𝑛 − 2)
Module -5
19 a) Explain the effects of coefficient quantization in IIR and FIR filters. 7
b) What are the main features of a DSP processor? Give the significance of MAC 7
unit in a DSP processor.
20 a) Draw the block diagram of TMS320C67XX and briefly explain the function of 10
each block.
b) Write a short note on finite word length effects in DSP systems. 4
***

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 B 1100ECT303122202 Pages: 3

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
[Link] Degree S5 (R, S) / S5 (WP) (R) / S5 (PT) (R,S) Examination November 2024 (2019 Scheme)

Course Code: ECT 303

Course Name: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
(Answer all questions; each question carries 3 marks) Marks

1 Given x(n) = { 1, 2, -3, -4, 5, -1 }. Without calculating DFT find ∑5𝐾=0 −1𝐾 𝑋(𝐾) 3
2 Calculate the number of real multiplications and additions involved in the 3
computation of 32- DFT using direct computation.
3 FFT algorithm is an in-place algorithm. Justify the statement. 3
4 Distinguish between the butterflies used in DIT and DIF FFT algorithms. 3
5 Explain the significance of linear phase FIR filters. How they could be identified from 3
impulse response.
6 Explain Gibb’s phenomenon? How it could be eliminated. 3
7 Realize the filter using minimum number of multipliers 3
H(z) = (2 + 2z-1 ) ( 0.5 - 0.25z-1 +0.5z-2 )
8 Why antialiasing filter is used in decimating systems? 3
9 Distinguish between fixed point and floating point arithmetic. 3
10 What is the range of Mantissa in floating point representation? 3
Find the floating point representation of the number 1.5
PART B
(Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks)

Module -1
11 a) In many signal processing applications, we often multiply an infinite length sequence by 7
a window of length N. The time domain expression for such a window is
1 1 2𝜋𝑛
𝑤(𝑛) = ( ) + cos( ). If X(k) is the DFT of the input sequence x(n),
2 2 𝑁
then what is the DFT of the windowed sequence y(n)=w(n)x(n)?
b) Determine response of a low-pass filter with impulse response h(n) = [ 1, 1] for 7
an input x(n) = [1 ,0 ,3 ,2 ,0 ,1 ,4 ,1 ,2 ] using overlap save method.

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 1100ECT303122202

12 a) x[n] = [1,-1,2,3,0,0] and X[K] is its 6 point DFT. Given that Y[K]=W32KX[K]. 4
Without computing IDFT, determine the time domain sequence y[n].
b) i) State Circular frequency shift property. 4 – DFT of the signal x(n) ={a, b, c, d} 10
is X(K).Using circular shift property find the IDFT of X(K-2) ?
ii) Find linear convolution of the sequence {1,2,3,4} and {1,2,1} using circular
convolution.
Module -2
13 a) Compute the DFT of the sequence {1, 1, 2, 4, 2, 3, 4, 1} using radix 2 DIT - FFT 7
algorithm.
b) Explain how IFFT can be computed using FFT algorithm. And find the 4 point 7
sequence whose DFT is (2, 1-j, 0, 1+j) using DIF-FFT algorithm.
14 a) Compute the DFT of the sequence {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} using radix 2 DIF - FFT 7
algorithm.
b) Given x(n) ={3, 0, 1, 1} and h(n) = {2, 0, 1, 2}. Find the 4 point DFTs of these 2 7
sequences using a single 4 point DFT?
Module -3
15 a) Design a 6th order linear phase FIR filter with following specifications using 8
Hamming window. |𝑯(𝒆𝒋𝝎 ) | = 𝟏 for 𝟎 ≤ |𝝎| ≤ 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝝅
| 𝑯(𝒆𝒋𝝎) | = 𝟎 for 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝝅 ≤ |𝝎| ≤ 𝝅
b) Comment on the nature of group delay and phase delay in an FIR filter with 6
symmetrical impulse response. And prove that the zeros of such a filter exist in
reciprocal pairs?
16 a) Design a digital Butterworth Filter that has -2dB pass band attenuation at 10
250 Hz and at least -15dB stop band attenuation at 500 Hz. Sampling frequency
is 2000 Hz. Find the cut off frequency by matching pass band criterion.
Use Bilinear transformation (T = 1 sec).
b) Compare FIR and IIR Filters. 4
Module -4
17 a) Realize the system described by the difference equation 11
y(n) = -0.1y(n - 1) + 0.72y(n - 2) + 0.7x(n) - 0.252x(n - 2) in Direct form 2,
Cascade form and Parallel form?
b) Calculate the number of multiplications, additions and memory locations 3
required for Direct form-II realization of the system
y(n) = 2y(n - 1) + 3y(n - 2) + 2x(n) - 3x(n - 2).

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 1100ECT303122202

18 a) Realize the system described by the difference equation 8

y(n) = -0.1y(n - 1) + 0.2y(n - 2) + 3x(n) +3.6x(n – 1) + 0.6x(n – 2) Cascade
form and Parallel form?
b) Explain the process of interpolation and justify the relevance of anti-imaging 6
filter during interpolation.
Module -5
19 a) With a neat diagram explain the architecture of TMS320C67xx processor. 8
b) A system is described by the transfer function H(z) = 1 ÷ (1 - 0.9 z-1 + 0.2z-2 ) 6
For the given IIR system find the location of poles before and after quantisation ,
when it is realised in Direct form 1 form. Assume a word length of 4 bits
including sign bits while truncating.
20 a) Derive the expression for steady state noise power due to input quantisation by 8
rounding and truncation.
b) Distinguish between zero input limit cycle oscillation and Overflow oscillations. 6
***

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B 1100ECT303122201 Pages: 3

Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
[Link] Degree S5 (S, FE) / S5 (PT) (S) Examination June 2024 (2019 Scheme)

Course Code: ECT 303

Course Name: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
PART A
(Answer all questions; each question carries 3 marks) Marks
1 DFT of a real valued signal X(k). = { j , 1+j, A, 1-j, -1, B, -1-j, C}.Find the 3
energy of the signal?
2 Determine the circular convolution of the following sequences, x(n) = {1 , 2, 3, 1 } 3
and h(n) = {4, 3, 2, 2 }
3 FFT algorithm is an in-place algorithm. Justify it? 3
4 Calculate the number of real multiplications and real additions involved in the 3
calculation of 512- DFT using direct computation?
5 Given the specification pass band attenuation is 1 dB , stop band attenuation is 3
30 dB, pass band edge frequency 200 rad/sec and stop band edge frequency 600
rad/sec . Determine the order of the Butterworth Analog filter?
6 Describe the need for employing window technique for FIR filter design? 3
7 Why antialiasing filter is used in decimating systems? 3
8 Calculate the number of multiplications, additions and delay elements required 3
in the direct form II realization of following system.
y( n ) = 3y(n - 1) +2y(n - 2) + 4x(n) + 0.4x(n - 1) +0.8 x(n-2)
9 Differentiate between Harvard and Von-Neumann architecture used in DSP 3
processors?
10 Obtain the floating point arithmetic representation of numbers 6.5 and 1.5? 3
PART B
(Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks)

Module -1
11 a) Find the 4-DFT o the sequence 𝑥(𝑛) = 6 + sin (2𝜋𝑛) 5
𝑁

b) Find the convolution of x(n) = {2, 1, -1, -2, -3, 5, 6, -1, 2, 0, 2, 1} and 9
h(n) = {3, 2, 1} using overlap save method?

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 1100ECT303122201

12 a) Obtain the response of an LTI system with impulse response h(n) = { 1, 1, 1} 5

for an input x(n) = {1 , 2, 3, 1} using circular convolution?
b) Given two sequences x1(n) = {0,1, 2, 3, 4 }, y(n) = {1, 0, 0, 0, 0}; Determine a 9
sequence x2(n) so that Y(k) = X1(k) X2(k)
Module -2
13 a) Draw the flow diagram of 16 point radix – 2 DIT FFT algorithm 9
b) Find the 4- IDFT of the sequence X(k) = {10, -2+2j, -2, -2-2j}using radix 2 5
DIT FFT algorithm
14 a) Compute 8-DFT of the sequence x(n) ={0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0, 0, 0, 0} using radix 8
2 DIT FFT algorithm
b) Given at g(n) ={1, -1, 1, -1} and h(n) = {0, 2, 4, 6} find the 4 point DFTs of 6
these 2 sequences using a single 4 point DFT?
Module -3
15 a) Design an Analog Butterworth low pass filter that has 2 dB pass band 8
attenuation at a frequency of 20 rad/sec and at least 10 dB stop band attenuation
at 30 rad/sec.
b) Apply bilinear transformation to 𝐻(𝑠) = 2 6
( 𝑠 + 1 )( 𝑠 + 2 )
with T = 1 sec and find

H(z)?
16 a) Determine the filter coefficients of a linear phase FIR filter of length N = 15, 10
which has a symmetric impulse response and a frequency response that satisfies
1 , 𝑘 = 0, 1, 2, 3
2𝜋𝑘
the conditions, 𝐻 ( 15 ) = { 0.4 , 𝑘=4
0 , 𝑘 = 5, 6, 7
b) Explain the significance of linear phase FIR filter and comment on its impulse 4
response?
Module -4
17 a) Obtain the cascade and parallel structure of the system y( n ) = - 1 y(n - 1) + 8
4
1
y (n - 2) + x(n) - 2x(n - 1) + x(n - 2)
8
b) Obtain the transposed direct form-II structure for the system 6
y( n ) = 0.5y(n - 1) - 0.25y(n - 2) + x(n) + x(n - 1)
18 a) Realize the system function using minimum number of multipliers 6
H(z) = (1 + z-1) (1 + 0.5z-1 + 0.5z-2 + z-3)

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 1100ECT303122201

b) For the given multi rate system develop an expression for output y(n) as a 8
function of input x(n)
x(n) ↑ 5 ↓10 ↑ 2 y(n)
Module -5
19 a) Draw the architecture block diagram of TMS320C67XX and explain functions 10
of each block?
b) Differentiate between truncation and rounding? 4
20 a) Explain the effect of coefficient quantization in IIR and FIR filters? 8
b) If quantization noise has uniform distribution with zero mean, find the 6
quantization noise in ADC with step size Δ?
***

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