1.
#Create DB
CREATE DATABASE database_name;
Example:
CREATE DATABASE equip_db;
2. #Drop DB
DROP DATABASE database_name;
Example:
DROP DATABASE equip_db;
NB: Above command may fail if anyone is connected to the DB hence use below
command first
ALTER DATABASE database_name SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;
DROP DATABASE database_name;
Example:
USE master
go
ALTER DATABASE equip_db SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;
DROP DATABASE equip_db;
3. #ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DATABASE database_name MODIFY NAME = new_database_name;
Example
ALTER DATABASE equip_db MODIFY NAME = equip_new_db;
ALTER DATABASE equip_new_db MODIFY NAME = equip _db;
4. #Create Table
use database_name
go
create table table_name(
column_name data_type(length) (null / not null),
column_name data_type(length) (null / not null),
column_name data_type(length) (null / not null),
PRIMARY KEY (column_name)
);
Example
Use equip_db
go
create table tbl_units(
unit_id int NOT NULL,
unit_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(unit_id)
);
CREATE TABLE tbl_students(
student_id int NOT NULL,
first_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50) NULL,
age INT NOT NULL,
gender INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (student_id)
);
5. #Rename Table
RENAME TABLE old_table_name TO new_table_name;
Example:
STD METHOD IS BELOW
RENAME TABLE old_table_name TO new_table_name;
HOWEVER DIFFERENT DBS EXECUTE THIS RULE DIFFERENTLY
MS SQL USES
EXEC sp_rename 'old_table_name', 'new_table_name';
Example
EXEC sp_rename 'dbo.tbl_units', 'units_table'
MYSQL USES
RENAME TABLE Customers TO Clients;
PostgreSQL
ALTER TABLE old_table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;
6. #Drop Table
DROP TABLE table_name;
Example
DROP TABLE tbl_new_units;
7. #Add Data to Table
INSERT INTO table_name(column1,column2,..)
VALUES(value1,value2,...);
Example:
INSERT INTO tbl_students(student_id,first_name,last_name,email,age,gender)
VALUES(1,'angela', 'achieng','aachieng@[Link]',22,2);
INSERT INTO tbl_students(student_id,first_name,last_name,email,age,gender)
VALUES(2,'benard', 'busolo','bbusolo@[Link]',23,1);
INSERT INTO tbl_students(student_id,first_name,last_name,email,age,gender)
VALUES(3,'cate', 'chebet','cchacha@[Link]',20,3);
INSERT INTO tbl_students(student_id,first_name,last_name,email,age,gender)
VALUES(4,'dan', 'donkol','ddonol@[Link]',24,1);
8. # DELETE A VALUE FROM A TABLE
DELETE FROM tablename WHERE column=uniqu_iden fier;
Example
DELETE FROM tbl_students WHERE id=1;
9. #Add default constraint
use database_name
go
ALTER TABLE table_name;
ADD CONSTRAINT constrain_name;
DEFAULT value FOR column_name
Example:
#Add default constraint
use equip_db
go
ALTER TABLE tbl_students;
ADD CONSTRAINT DF_tblStudents_genderId
DEFAULT 3 FOR gender
#Add new record without gender specified and let the default gender be
automa cally added
USE [equip_db]
GO
INSERT INTO tbl_students(id,first_name,last_name,email,age)
VALUES(4, 'eddy','echesa','eechesa@[Link]',20);
INSERT INTO tbl_students(id,first_name,last_name,age,gender)
VALUES(4, 'fatuma','farah','ffarah@[Link]',21,2);
10. #Remove default gender constraint
use equip_db
go
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name
Example
use equip_db
go
ALTER TABLE tbl_students
DROP CONSTRAINT DF_tblStudents_genderId
11. #FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name
FOREIGN KEY (column_name) REFERENCES table_name(column_name);
Example
Lets create the table to reference first and insert data
create table tbl_genders(
gender_id int NOT NULL,
gender_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
);
INSERT INTO tbl_genders(1,’Male’);
INSERT INTO tbl_genders(2,’Female’);
INSERT INTO tbl_genders(3,’Unknown’);
ALTER TABLE tbl_students
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_studentsTable_genderTable
FOREIGN KEY (gender) REFERENCES tbl_genders (gender_id);
12. CASCADE CONSTRAINT
#CASCADE ON DELETE (NO ACTION/SET TO DEFAULT/SET TO NULL/CASCADE)
use [test1]
go
SELECT * FROM tbl_genders;
SELECT * FROM tbl_students;
DELETE FROM tblGender WHERE id=3;
*****************************************
ALT + F1 Gives you details about a table
*****************************************
USE CHECK CONTRAINTS TO PREVENT UNACCEPTABLE VALUES e.g. nega ve age or
age over 130yrs
SELECT * FROM tbl_people;
ADD USING GUI
****************
INSERT INTO tbl_people VALUES(1004,'Dikolo','Dan',-772);
REMOVE USING SQL COMMAND PROMPT
*********************************
ALTER TABLE tbl_people
DROP CONSTRAINT CK_tbl_people_age
ADD USING COMMAND SQL
*********************
ALTER TABLE tbl_people
ADD CONSTRAINT CK_tbl_people_age CHECK(age > 0 AND age < 150);
BELOW SHOULDN'T WORK
*********************
INSERT INTO tbl_people VALUES(1004,'Dikolo','Dan',-772);
13. IDENTITY COLUMN
IDENTITY COLUMN ENABLE USERS NOT TO BE REQUIRED TO SUPPLY IDENTITY
COLUMN VALUES e.g. student adm no, Invoice no, cket number, these should be
provided by the system automa cally
CREATE TABLE tbl_std(
id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1001,1),
student_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO tbl_std(student_name)
VALUES('aakirapa');
INSERT INTO tbl_std(student_name)
VALUES('bbusolo');
SELECT * FROM tbl_std
SET IDENTITY_INSERT tbl_std OFF
INSERT INTO dbo.tbl_employees VALUES('Muindi',29);
SELECT * FROM tbl_employees;
DBCC CHECKIDENT(tbl_employees, RESEED,3001)
INSERT INTO dbo.tbl_employees VALUES('Muindi',29);
SELECT * FROM tbl_employees;
